A Venn diagram is a diagram style that is used to show the logical relation between sets, and it was popularized by John Venn in the 1880s. They are used to teach elementary set theory and illustrate simple set relationships in the realm of probability, logic, statistics, linguistics, and computer science. A Venn diagram makes use of simple closed curves that are drawn on a plane to represent sets.
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These curves are often circles or ellipses. A Venn diagram might also be called a set diagram or logic diagram since it shows all the possible logical relations between a finite collection of different sets. They depict elements in the form of points in the plane and sets in the form of regions within those closed curves. They consist of multiple overlapping closed curves, most commonly circles, each one representing a set. The points within a curve labeled, say, S represent elements of the set S, whereas points that are outside the boundary represent elements that are not in the set S. This lends itself to intuitive visualizations; for example, the set of all elements of members of two sets S and T, denoted by S ∩ T and is read as “the intersection of S and T”. It is represented visually by the area of overlap of the regions S and T.
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