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Dr. Anis Shaikh, , Dr. Rafiq Zakaria Campus, Maulana Azad Jr. College,, Dept. of English, Rouza Baugh, Aurangabad, , Figures of Speech Worksheet, Class: XII (Arts/ Commerce/ Science/MCVC), , Subject: English, , Time: …..., , Marks: ….., , Note: Follow the instructions given in the class., A figure of speech is a deviation from the ordinary use of words in order to, increase their effectiveness. Basically, it is a figurative language that may consist, of a single word or phrase. It is to convey the meaning other than the literal, meaning., 1. Simile: Two different things are clearly compared with one point in common., Eg. 1.She is like a fairy., A simile is introduced by words such as like, so, as etc., 2. Metaphor: It is an informal or implied simile in which words like, as, so are, omitted., Eg. He is like a lion (Simile) and He is a lion (metaphor)., In the following examples, metaphor is underlined., 1.She is a star of our family., 3. Personification: Personification is an attribution of personal nature, intelligence, or character to inanimate objects or abstract notions., Eg: 1.Little sorrows sit and weep., 2. The dish ran away with the spoon., 4. Hyperbole: Hyperbole is a statement made emphatic by overstatement.
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Dr. Anis Shaikh, Eg. 1.Virtues as the sands of the shore., 5. Metonymy: Metonymy is meant for a change of name. It is a substitute of the, thing names for the thing meant., Eg: 1. The pen is mightier than the sword., 2. From the cradle to the grave. from childhood to death., 6. Apostrophe: It is a direct address to some inanimate thing or some abstract idea, as if it were living person or some absent person as if it were present., Eg. 1.Boy's mother loved him very much., 7. Synecdoche: Synecdoche is the understanding of one thing by means of, another. Here, a part is used to designate the whole or the whole to designate a, part., Eg. 1. I have the Viceroy, love the man., 2.All hands (crew) at work., 8. Transferred Epithets: In transferred epithets, the qualifying objective is, transferred from a person to a thing as in phrases., Eg. 1.Sleepless night, Sunburn mirth, and Melodious plain., 9. Euphemism: By using the euphemism, we speak in agreeable and favorable, terms of some person, object or event which is ordinarily considered unpleasant, and disagreeable., Eg. 1. He is telling us a fairy tale. (A lie), 2. He has fallen asleep. (He is dead), 10. Irony Or Sarcasm: In this mode of speech, the real meanings of the words, used are different from the intended meanings., Eg. The child of cobbler has no shoe., 11. Pun: This consists of a play on the various meanings of a word. Its effect is, often ludicrous., Eg. Is life worth living? It depends upon the liver.
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Dr. Anis Shaikh, 12. Epigram:, It is a brief pointed saying. It couples words which apparently contradict each, other. The language of the epigram is remarkable for its brevity., Eg. 1.The child is the father of the man. (Wordsworth), 2.Fools rush in where angels fear to tread., 13. Antithesis: In antithesis, a striking opposition or contrast of words is made in, the same sentence in order to secure emphasis., Eg. 1.To err is human, to forgive divine., 2.Give every man thy ear, but few thy voice., 14. Oxymoron: It is a figure of speech which combines two seemingly, contradictory or incongruous words for sharp emphasis or effect., Eg. 1.Darkness visible (Milton), 2.Make haste slowly (Suetonius), 15. Litotes: It is the opposite of hyperbole. Here an affirmative is conveyed by, negation of the opposite., Eg. 1. He is no dullard., 2. I am not a little, 16. Interrogation: This is a rhetorical mode of affirming or denying something, more strongly than could be done in ordinary language., Eg.1.Who is here so base that would be a bondman?, 2. Who is here so rude that would not be a Roman?, 17. Exclamation: It is used for strong expression of feelings., Eg.1.O lift me as a wave, a leaf, a cloud I fall upon the thorns of life; I bleed!, 18. Climax: It is an arrangement of a series of ideas in the order of increasing, importance., Eg. 1.What a piece of work man! How noble in reason, how infinite in faculties!, In action, how like an angel!
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Dr. Anis Shaikh, 19. Anticlimax Or Bathos: This is the opposite to climax and signifies a ludicrous, descent from the higher to the lower., Eg.1.A man so various, that he seemed to be. Not one, but all mankind’s, epitome;, , who in the course of one revolving moon; was lawyer, statesman,, , fiddler, and buffoon., 20. Alliteration: The repetition of the same letter or syllable at the beginning of, two or more words is called alliteration., Eg: 1. Glittering through the gloomy., 2. The furrow follows., 21.Onomatopoeia: The formation of a word whose sound is made to suggest or, echo the sense., Eg: 1. As in cuckoo, bang, growl, hiss., 2. The moan of doves in immemorial elms and murmur of innumerable bees., 22. Circumlocution: This consists of expressing some fact or idea in a roundabout, way, instead of stating it at once., Eg: 1.The viewless couriers of the air. =(the wind), 2.That statement of his was purely an effort of imagination. = (a fiction), 23. Tautology Or Pleonasm: Tautology is meant for repeating the same fact or, idea in different words., Eg: 1.It is the privilege and birth right of every man to express his ideas, without any fear., 24. Paradox: A contradictory statement is made which is not practiced socially., Eg. I Celebrate the Virtues and vices of suburban middle class people.
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Dr. Anis Shaikh, 25.Refrain:A particular line is repeated either at the beginning or end of the stanza, throughout the poem., 26.Repetition: A Word or a line is repeated in the stanza., Eg: Twinkle, Twinkle, Little Star,, How I wonder what you are!, New XII English 2020-2021// Figures of Speech Worksheet, Q. Name and explain the Figures of Speech:, 1. Still here I carry my old delicious burdens,, I carry them, men and women, I carry them with me wherever I go., 2. Henceforth I ask not good-fortune, I myself am good-fortune., 3. White as a feather and white as a cloud, We weave a dead man’s funeral shroud., 4. The ship was as still as she could be, Her sails from heaven received no motion., 5. So little they rose, so little they fell, They did not move the Inchcape Bell., 6. The Sun in heaven was shining gay, All things were joyful on that day., 7. But even in his dying fear, One dreadful sound could the Rover hear., 8. Does a man whose hopes were fading now with courage look ahead?, 9. Suburbs slide past his unseeing eyes., 10. Home again, I see him drinking weak tea, Eating a stale chapati, reading a, book., 11. And how their wives do hum like bees, About their work from morn till night.
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Dr. Anis Shaikh, 12. She walks in beauty, like the night, Of cloudless climes and starry skies., 13. One shade the more, one ray the less, Had half impaired the nameless grace., 14. My hometown lies calmly amidst the trees., 15. The river has a soul., With Best Regards From:, Dr. Anis Shaikh, Dept. of English, Maulana Azad Jr. College,, Rouza Baugh, Aurangabad
