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NOUN, Any name is a noun, or, , The word that stands for name is called noun., Ex:- Table, Chair, Boy, Girl, Delhi etc., Noun, , uncountable, , countable, , Material, Noun, , Proper common collective, Noun, Noun, Noun, , Abstract, Noun, , (1) PROPER NOUN, Proper noun is the name of some particular person, place; thing or animal., , Animal, GM, , SM, , chetak, Tomy, Nandni, (horse), (Dog), , dog, , (Cow), , cow horse, , Common Noun, , Proper Noun, Use, Ex- Ram- Proper Noun (Ram is Name of person), , Noun(Common), , Male Sheep (HksM+k, ), , ram, Verb (VDdj ekjuk, ), , 1

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Rule:(1) Proper Noun is always be used with "capital First letters", (2) Normally article is not use before proper Noun (90%), , Name of rivers, Name of mountains, Article “The” is used., Historical building, Religious books, Political Parties, (3) Proper Noun is always used as singular and take singular verb., , Name of country, Name, , Name (play/sports/game, /battle), , singular + v/(sing), No article, , - Plural+ v (plural), -The article is used, , Examples, 1. The india is the best(×), 2. India is the best (), 3. India has won this match by two wickets.(×), 4. The India have won this match by 2 wickets (), 5. The India is playing.(×), 6. The India are playing.(), , (2) COMMON NOUN, It shows the caste & classes., Ex:- Table, Boy, girl, etc., Rules, 1. Take singular verb, Note = When it is used as singular it takes singular verb, when it is used, as plural it takes plural verb., , Sing+ verb(sing), 2., 3., , Plu+ verb(plu), , Article "a, an, The" is used before Singular C.N., No article is used before Plural C.N., Ex:- (The) students are Reading. (×), The teacher is teaching. (, , ), , 2

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(3) COLLECTIVE NOUN, A Noun that shows collection is called collective Noun., Ex:- Cattle, Army, A+ collective word + of + N(plu) + V (sing)+ one word., Ex- A group of boys is coming (), A group of boys are coming(×), A group of boy is coming (×), Other members:A committee of members., A herd of cattle., A bevy of girls., A galaxy of stars., , Collective Noun, , Generic C.N, Made up of, different things, , Group C.N, Distributive C.N, made by same, Sometimes they have, kind of things, their one thought, , by birth sing., , by birth Plural, , Sing + v(sing), , sing.+v+(sing), , Plu.+V(plural), , sometimes they, have their diff. thought, ,  s/es ×, , s/es ×, , ex:- furniture, scenery, , plu + v (plu), , ex:- People, Police, Cattle, , Examples, 1., , The cattles are grazing in the field (×), , 2., , The cattle is grazing in the field ×, , 3., , The cattle are grazing in the field(), , 1., , The parliament was united over the kashmir issue.(), , 2., , The parliament was divided over the kashmir issue.(×), , 3., , The parliament were divided over the kashmir issue.(), , Other Member, Parliament, Jury, public, Gang, Club, Committee, board, society etc., , 3

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(4) MATERIAL NOUN, A Noun that can be measured or weight but can't be counted is called material, Noun., , uncountable, No article, (99.9%) (sing + v(sing), s/es- (×), ex-water, milk, rice, wood, fish., Examples- The fish can't live without water (×), -.fish can't live without water (), - I am going to buy' four golden fishes .(), , - fishes can't live without water (×), A noun that can flow is called material noun., Ex- Oil, water, milk, gas, air, etc., oxygen, nitrogen, hydrogen= proper noun, A Noun that can be made a thing, (Meterial Noun) Wood, Chair, table, bed, Common Noun, , (Meterial Noun) Gold, Chain, Necklaces, ring, Common Noun, , (5) ABSTRACT NOUN, A Noun that can neither be seen nor be touched but can be felt is, called abstract Noun., Ex- Childhood, oldness, beauty, honesty, smile, laughing, weeping,, dancing etc., , Rules, Normally article is not used before abstract Noun(90%), Abstract Noun is used as singular + verb(Sing), Ex- beauty is thing for a joy., 4

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APPLIED ENGLISH (EXAM BASED), Noun = Noun is nothing it is combination of person/gender/number/case., , PERSON, 2nd person, , Ist person, (-) Singular, I, , (+) Plural, We, , Singular, you, , Use Plural, verb+(plu), , Plural, you, , Use Plural, verb+(plu), , 3rd Person, Singular, Plural, He, They +V(Plural), She, it, Name, Singular + verb(sing), Plu+verb+(plu), , GENDER, Living Noun, , Non-Living Noun, , Male sex, Female sex, Either Male, Male animal female animal or Female sex, (MASCULINE), (FEMININE), (Either male or, female animal), (COMMON), , Neither male nor female, sex, Neither male nor female, animal (NEUTER), , MASCULINE = A Noun that represents male animal is called masculine gender., , Ex:- Father, boy, horse, etc., FEMININE = A Noun that represents Female animal is called feminine gender., , Ex:- Mother, Sister, girl, cow, etc., COMMON = A Noun that represents either male or female animal is called, common gender., , Ex:- Doctors, DM, CM,PM, Engineer etc., NEUTER = A Noun that represents neither male nor female is called neuter, gender, , Ex:- Table, Chair, Pen, Personification of Noun (Error in the use of Basic Noun), FEMININE, - soft, - kind, - beauty, - calm, ex:- Moon - she/her, , MASCULINE, - hard, - cruel, - Rough, - Power, ex:- Sun - he/his, Death - he/his, , 5

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Ex:-- Death always knows its victim. (×), - Death always knows his victim.(), - The moon is hiding its face behind the cloud.(×), - The moon is hiding her face behind the cloud.(), Rules, 1. Collective Noun:- when it is treated as singular it takes "its" and when it, is treated as plural it takes "their"., Ex:- The jury was (were) divided in his/her/its/their opinion., The jury has given its/her/his/their decision., 2. "Ship" is treated as feminine Gender Always take "she/her" not "its"., Ex:- The ship has lost many of his/her/its their crew., Some Important masculine & feminine Gender., Masculine, Feminine, Masculine, Feminine, He goat, she goat, bull-calf, cow-calf, He bear, she-bear, land lord, land lady, milkman, milk maid, host, hostess, god, goddess, sheep, Ewe, monk, Nun, boar, sow, emperor, empress, wizard, witch, widower, widow, , , , 6

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Noun-Number, Countable, One, Singular, Countable, Noun, SCN, article is used, V(singular), , Uncountable, More than one, Plural, countable, Noun, PCN, No article, V(Plu), , Sing + v (sing), No article, , RULES FOR CHANGING SINGULAR INTO PLURAL, 1., , 2., , Most of the Nouns (90%) form their Plural by adding "s", SCN, PCN, Table, Tables, Chair, Chairs, Book, Books, Pen, Pens, Some of the noun (10%) which end in " s, ss, sh, ch, x & Z'' form thier, plural adding "es", , ch, p + es, , d +s, , Bench-Benches Monarch - monarchs, , 3., , SCN, Branch, Class, Tax, Brush, Some of the nouns which, , PCN, Branches, Classes, Taxes, Brushes, end in "O" form their Plural by adding "es", , O, Vowel letter + o, “s”, Radio + s, SCN, Radio, Ratio, Bamboo, Video, Cuckoo, , Consonant letter + o, “es”, Mango + es, PCN, Radios, Ratios, Bamboos, Videos, Cuckoos, , SCN, Mango, Hero, Potato, Volcano, Tomato, , 7, , PCN, Mangoes, Heroes, Potatoes, Volcanoes, Tomatoes

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4., , "Science & technology" related words take "s', SCN, PCN, Photo, Photos, Dynamo, Dynamos, Piano, Pianos, Radio, Radios, Kilo, Kilos, Studio, Studios, Embryo, Embryos, , “Y”, 5., , 6., , VL + Y, , CL + Y, Y change into, I + “es”, SCN, Lady, Fly, Baby, Salary, Lily, Story, Pantry, City, Army, Family, Spice, Country, Last Letter F/FE, SCN, Wife, Life, shelf, leaf, knife, elf, , scarf, , + “s”, PCN, SCN, Ladies, Key, Flies, Toy, Babies, Boy, Salaries, Day, Lilies, Bay, Stories, Way, Pantries, Valley, Cities, Monkey, Armies, Families, Spices, Counties, Changed into 'V' + 'es', PCN, SCN, Wives, self, lives, wolf, Shelves, sheaf, Leaves, half, Knives, calf, elves, thief, , PCN, Keys, Toys, Boys, Days, Bays, Ways, Valleys, Monkeys, , PCN, Selves, wolves, Sheaves, Halves, Calves, Thives, , scarfs 90%, scarves 10%, , Rest of the Noun Which end in "F/Fe" Form their Plural by adding 's'., SCN, PCN, SCN, PCN, Chief, Chiefs, grief, Griefs, Roof, Roofs, safe, Safes, Hoof, Hoofs, Gulf, Gulfs, Belief, Beliefs, , 8

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Ex:- He Beliefs that they will help him (×), H e believes t h at t h ey will h elp h im (), , 7., , Some of the Nouns form their Plural by changing the inside vowel., SCN, PCN, woman, man, women, men, tooth, goose, teeth,geese, foot, mouse, feet, mice, Doormouse, doormise, Louse, Ox, Lice, oxen, child, children, , Many + N(plu) + V (Plu), , deer, sing Plu., deer deer, , Rule 8: Some of the nouns which have the same form in singular or in plural., Examples:- sheep, deer, Barracks, series, Species, Aircraft, corps, salmon., Ex:- Many boys are present today. (), Many boy are present today. (×), Salman khan killed many deers. (×), Salman khan killed many deer. (), Rule 9: Some of the noun which look like singular but used as plural and take, plu-verb, Examples = Police, People, Public, Cavalry, flock, pincers, antry, gentry,, cattle, vermin, mobility., Ex. The Police have cought the thief. (), The Police has cought the theif (×), Rule 10: Some of the nouns which look like plural but they are always used as, singular & take singular verb., Article "The" is not used., Ex:- Name of Subjects, Economics, Athletics, innings, news, politics, billiards,, Mathematics, Measles, genetics, physics, statistics, linguistics, Mumps, etc., Rule 11: If name of the subject shows merits & demerits of belonging it becomes plural and take plural verb., In this case article "The" is used., Examples - The mathematics is a difficult subject. (×), Mathematics is a difficult subject. (), The Mathematics of Neelima are good. (), , 9

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Rule 12: Some of the noun form thier plural in irregular way., SCN, PCN, SCN, PCN, Synopsis, Synopses, Agendum, Agenda, Basis, Bases, Stadium, Stadia, Diagnosis, Diagnoses, Datum, Data, Thesis, Theses, Quarum, Quarums, oasis, oases, Curriculum, Curriculums, carricula, Axis, Axes, Bacterium, Bacteria, Analysis, Analyses, Medium, Media, mediums, Dictum, Dicta, Note:- agendum, dictum,bacterium, are not use now a days,, Agenda data, becteria, media etc are used in singular and plural., , Common Errors in the use of Noun, 1., , 1), 2), 3), 4), , Each of the, Everyone of the, +N(plural + V(sing), Either of the, Neither of the, , Ex:- Each of the officer is honest. (×), Each of the officers are honest. (×), Each of the officers is honest. (), Each boy and each girl is always going to cinema. (), 2., , A lot of, lots of, Uncountable (sing + v(+sing), Some of the +N, all of the, Countable (Plu + V (Plu), Most of the, Plenty of, Ex:- A lot of boys were Playing., A lot of Milk is destoryed., Most of Milk is Sold., 3., 4., , One of the + N (Plu) + V(sing), One of the students is laborious., Some of the Nouns which are generally used in plural & take plural verb., Ex:- Pants, Tongs, Scissors, Shorts, Socks, Trousers, Riches, Premises,, Annals, Arms, Weapons etc., , 10

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5., , some of the Nouns which are generally used in singular & take singular, verb it never takes "a/an" "or s/es", Ex:- magic, land, Gold, information, garbage, rubbish, filths, furniture,, honesty, grass, Scenery, Luck, advice, food, dust health, wealth, poverty,, bread, Jewellery, Money accommodation, violence, mischief, traffic, paper,, knowledge, luggage, baggage, wastage, etc., Note:- In any uncoutable Noun by adding a piece of/ a type of/a kind of/ an, article of/ a bit of/ an item of/ a glass of........etc...it can be made singular, countable Noun., And by adding pieces of/types of/ kinds of/ Articles of/ bits of/ items of, glasses of......etc... it can be made plural countable Noun., Ex:- I gave you one advice., I gave you an advice. (×), I gave you a bit of advice. (), I gave you bits of advice. (), I gave you bits of advices. (×), , HOT TIPS, 1., , 2., , Noun often confused., Air, - what we breath., Wind, - motion air., habit, - belongs to individual, Custom, - belongs to society/country/Growth., House, - ijk;k ?kjA, Home, - viuk ?kjA, Customer = purchaser/buyer of goods, Client, = one who avails services., Ground, = outside part of the house., Floor, = Inside part of the house., Cost, = Amt. paid by shopkeepers., Prise, = Amt. paid by customers., Some of the Nouns which are used either in singular or in Plural according, to the sense or meaning of the sentence., , Singular, Drug (nokbZ), Ground (èkjrh), Quarter (VqdM+h), Look (utj), Iron (yksgk), Abuse (xkyh), , Plural, Drugs (u'kk), Grounds (dkj.k), Quarters (vkokl), Looks (vkÑfr), Irons (csM+h), Abuses (lkekftd dqjhfr;ka), , 11

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Geniuses= More than one talented person, ,  Genius, , Genii = Hkwr fi'kkp, etnwjh= (Plu) + V(plu), ,  Wages, , ltk@naM, = (sing + v (sing), , Ex- The wages are very high in Delhi., The wages of sin is death., Cloth = oL=k,  Cloth, , Clothes = (Garments), Maid = (used for female), ,  vfookfgr, , , , dfork, , n`";, , ,  eqnzk, , Bachelor = (used for Male), , Poetry = (Uncountable Singular Noun), “not an/s,es”, , Scenery = (uncountable, singular Noun), not a/an, s/es, scene = (countable, singular Noun), (add a/an, s/es), , Rupee = (countable, singular Noun), add s/es, a/an, , Money = (uncountable, singular Noun), (not a/an, s/es), , 13

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4. SOME COMMON FACTS, 1., 2., , 3., , Numerical words + N(plu) + v(plu), (2,3,4......................), Unit + of + Noun + v(plu), Plu, Plu (sing), , (Uncountable (sing)+ v (sing), , Numerical Word + Unit, , (Countable (plu)+ v (plu), , Ex:-5 Litre milks is destroyed (×), 5 Litre milk is destroyed (), dozens of eggs has been destroyed (×), dozens of eggs have been destroyed (), 10 hundreds students are in the class (×), 10 hundred students are in the class (), Old English, singular, SP, MLA, MD, VIP, , New English, Plural, SP’s, MLA’s, MD’s, VIP’s, , singular, SP, MLA, MD, VIP, , Plural, SPs, MLAs, MDs, VIPs, , Plural, Plural, Singular, Singular, s, P’, 3’s, 3, P, s, 4’s, T’, T, 4, s, 5’s, N’, N, 5, Ex:-There are two O's in Pooja, There are 5 3's in 33333., Rule: The + Adj = Plural Common Noun + V (plural), Ex:-The Poor is happy (×), , The Poor are happy (), The Poor People are happy. (), The Poor People is happy. (×), Adj, Poor, rich, black, brave, , The, , Rule:- The word "cousin" is not followed by brother or sister., Ex:- He is my cousin Brother. (×), He is my cousin (), (3), , txg [kkyh ugha gSA, txg ugha gSA, seat ugha gSA, , No Place (×), No Room (), , 14

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v, (4) Earn, , v4, Earning, , N, Earnings, , Earning is a wrong word it should be earnings,  Sign (×),  free ship (×), Signautre (), Free studentship (),  Inning (×),  Troop (×), Innings (), Troops (),  Study (×),  Curd (×), Studies (), Curds (),  Family members (×),  half pant (×), The members of the family (), half pants (),  Companionship (×),  teaching (×), Company (), teachings (),  Doing (×),  speak a truth (×), Doings (), speak the truth (),  wedding (×),  tell the lie (×), weddings (), tell a lie (),  English teacher (×),  tiding (×) (lekpkj), The teacher of English (), Tidings (),  Arrear (×),  copy (×), Arrears (), Note book (),  talking term (×),  percent (×), speaking term (), Hundred percent (), (5) 2/3/4.................exact time = o'clock, Ex:- 2 0'clock 3 o'clock, 4:30, , AM, PM, , 5:30, , AM, PM, , Noun + Case, Case is nothing its the name of relation, ^fdlds lkFk*, mlh okD;eas nwljs 'kCnkas ds lkFk, , ^fdldk*, N/Pro dk, , Ex- I got Ram’s umbrella., 16

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- There are four types of case:1. Nominative/ Subjective case., 2. Objective Case, 3. Vocative case, 4. Possessive case., , N, P, , S, lata, Sita, He, I, , V, likes, likes, loves, love, , O, Sita, N, Lata, me, him P, ,  Subjective case = when a noun or a pronoun is used as a subject in a, sentence, it is called subjective case, ,  Objective case = when a noun or a pronoun is used as an object in a, sentence, it is called objective case, ,  Vocative Case = when a noun or a pronoun is used to address to a person, or group of persons, Ex:- Suresh, come here. Vocative case, Suresh Comes here - Simple sentence, Ladies and gentleman, I am going to discuss pollution, ,  Possessive case = when a noun or a pronoun is used to show possession, or ownership in a sentence, it is called possessive case., , = The Case of Noun, , Noun, , comma, ‘ inverted comma, ‘s = apostrophe, , Living, ‘s system, Ex:- Ram’s book, Boy’s pen, , s, , Non-living, ‘of’ system, Ex:- the roof of building, , dk ds dh, , of, Note:1. Apostrophe('s) dk iz;ksxNon-living ds lkFk ugh gks ldrkA, 2. tgk¡&tgk¡, Aphstrophe(s) yxk;k tk,xk] ogk¡&ogk¡, 'of' system Hkh vk ldrk gSA, Noun (living), , Noun (living), Singular, ‘s system, Ex:- Boy’s, Girls’s, , Plural, ‘system, Ex:- Boys' hostel, Girls' School, , hostel, Pen, school, Book, , 17

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Noun: Exercise-1, Direction:- (1 to 50) in the following questions, some of the sentences have, errors and some have none. Find out which part of a sentence has an error, corresponding to the appropriate letter (a, b, c) If there is no error, your answer, will be, No error (d)., 1. Cannot you see that the cattle (a)/ is grazing in the field? (b)/ so you, cannot play there (c)/ No error (d), 2. If those cattles are (a)/ yours whose (b)/ are these ones (c)/ No error (d), 3. The gentry of Mumbai does not like Salman Khan at (a)/ all, even though, he has a (b)/number of good movies to his credit (c)/ No error (d), 4. The police has arrested him (a)/ so we are going (b)/ to the police station, (c)/ No error (d), 5. Science has proved that (a)/ even vermin (b)/ carries diseases (c)/ No, error (d), 6. Yesterday she gave me several pieces of advices (a)/ which have really, proved (b)/ elixir to me (c)/ No error (d), 7. These furnitures are of very good quality (a)/ this is why they (b)/ are so, expensive (c)/ No error (d), 8. She had already given you (a)/ an information regarding that mishap, (b)/, however she did care even an iota for it (c)/ No error (d), 9. I have heard that you are shifting (a)/ to a new quarter (b)/ at Andheri, tomorrow (c)/ No error (d), 10. What would you like to say, if one (a)/ asks you anything (b)/ about the, Indian force (c)/ No error (d), 11. On the way to Pune she stopped so many times (a)/ to admire the vernal, (b)/ sceneries flanking along the macadamized roads (c)/ No error (d), 12. Would you please tell me how many (a)/ soaps do you (b)/ use in a month, (c)/ No error (d), 13. Don’t you know her angers (a)/ is as dangerous (b)/ as the flaring fire (c)/, No error (d), 14. Can you give me at least five breads to eat, (a)/ because I am so hungry, (b)/ that one or two won’t do at all (c)/ No error (d), 15. A few days ago she received a letter (a)/ of advices how to (b)/ give a, makeover to life (c)/No error (d), 16. Commander-in-chiefs are among (a)/ those who (b)/ get handsome salary, (c)/ No error (d), 17. Only today I have come to know (a)/ that Sunny has two (b)/ sister-inlaws (c)/ No error (d), 18. She was greeted by all the (a)/ passer-bys near (b)/ Laxmi Nagar Metro, station (c)/ No error (d), 19. The Jodhpur High court has issued five summons against him (a)/ so far,, but he (b)/ has attended to none of them (c)/ No error (d), , 20

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20. Mathematics are a very difficult subject for (a)/ those students who (b)/, don’t work hard (c)/ No error (d), 21. His mathematics is very good so he will (a)/ surely obtain more (b)/ than, 90% marks (c)/ No error (d), 22. The politics of India is very pathetic because (a)/ politicians are corrupt, (b)/ and inefficient (c)/ No error (d), 23. She has only two issues while (a)/ her sister has (b)/ four offspring (c)/, No error (d), 24. Most people in India now live in a house (a)/ built of bricks, (b)/ but, earlier it was not like that (c)/ No error (d), 25. What she told me to ask you that (a)/ whenever you go to market, do (b)/, get her some fruits (c)/ No error (d), 26. You cannot rely on him (a)/ because he is not (b)/ true to his words (c)/, No error (d), 27. One has rightly said that (a)/ the beauty (b)/ is only skin deep (c)/ No, error (d), 28. There are a number of Indian beauties who (a)/ are going to participate, (b)/ in this contest (c)/ No error (d), 29. I have an urgent work to do right now (a)/ so call me (b)/ back after some, time (c)/ No error (d), 30. The news were so shocking that it (a)/ depressed her and she (b)/ decided, to leave the town (c)/ No error (d), 31. We need to change this house (a)/ because it is (b)/ out of repairs (c)/ No, error (d), 32. Her hairs are not so straight and silky (a)/ as yours, because she does, not (b)/ take care of it properly (c)/ No error (d), 33. Can you imagine that she (a)/ has fifty (b)/ two pairs of shoes (c)/ No, error (d), 34. We all are living life with all (a)/ creature comforts but (b)/ her, circumstance is not good (c)/ No error (d), 35. Manjeet has bought four dozens of eggs (a)/ and hundreds of pencils (b)/, for his nephew (c)/ No error (d), 36. Could you please lend me (a) five thousands rupees (b)/ for a week (c)/ No, error (d), 37. Lac of people came to see the final test match (a)/ between India (b)/ and, Australia yesterday (c)/ No error (d), 38. Thirty millions of people are below the poverty/line in India and our, government (b)/ is not doing anything in this regard (c)/ No error (d), 39. Can you bring a ten inches ruler (a)/ for me now because (b)/I have to, measure something? (c)/No error (d), 40. You will surely get tired if (a)/ you take (b)/ another two miles walk now, (c)/ No error (d), 41. No matter how adverse the situation (a)/ is, you must not stop (b)/ your, study (c)/ No error (d), , 21

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42. Having won the world cup for three times (a)/ on the trot, Australia must, (b)/ be in high spirits (c)/ No error (d), 43. She will have finished two-third of the work (a)/ by the next Monday for, sure so you can (b)/ think of allotting another assignment to her (c)/ No, error (d), 44. She is good at English so we can expect (a)/ that she will get (b)/ full, mark in Grammar (c)/ No error (d), 45. My mother does not like those sort of guys (a)/ even in the least, (b)/one, cannot invite them (c)/ No error (d), 46. Man is a product of the environment so (a)/ we should keep (b)/ our, surrounding salubrious (c) No error (d), 47. The rich is getting richer and richer (a)/ and the poor (b) are getting, poorer (c)/ No error (d), 48. The poor’s plight in India is very pathetic (a)/ so we must do something, (b)/ to improve their condition (c)/ No error (d), 49. He has been very kind enough (a)/ to give five billion rupees (b) to a poor, for their rehabilitation (c)/ No error (d), 50. The life of the rich is not as peaceful and (a)/ pleasant as that of the, poor’s (b)/ in so many ways (c)/ No error (d), , Noun: Exercise-2, Direction:- (1 to 50) in the following questions, some of the sentences have, errors and some have none. Find out which part of a sentence has an error, corresponding to the appropriate letter (a, b, c) If there is no error, your answer, will be, No error (d)., 1. My uncle gave me (a)/ a pair of trouser (b)/ on my birthday (c)/ No error, (d), 2. At the moment (a)/ we have (b)/ very little informations to go on (c)/ No, error (d), 3. He (a)/ takes pain (b)/ over his work, (c)/ No error (d), 4. A pair of trousers (a)/ have been bought (b)/ by me. (c)/ No error (d), 5. The sceneries (a)/ of Kashmir (b)/ is very charming (c)/ No error (d), 6. A variety of pleasant items in the shop (a)/ attract (b)/ everybody, (c)/ No, error (d)., 7. The table’s legs (a)/ have been (b)/ elaborately carved, (c)/ No error (d), 8. A pair of shoes (a)/ were standing (b)/ in the corner of the room. (c)/ No, error (d), 9. I have read (a)/ all the work (b)/ of John Milton (c)/ No error (d) ., 10. Many a student (a)/ have passed (b)/ the IIT examination, (c)/ No error (d), 11. New informations (a)/ will be posted (b)/ on the Internet twice a month., (c)/ No error (d), 12. The manager put forward (a)/ a number of criterions (b)/ for the post, (c)/, No error (d), , 22

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13. I like (a)/ the poetries (b)/ of Byron and Shalley. (c)/ No error (d), 14. He always practices (a)/the justice (b)/and cares for moral principles., (c)/No error (d), 15. The website gives free (a)/ impartial advice (b)/ on all aspects of saving, energy (c)/ No eiror (d), 16. The furnitures (a)/ had become (b)/ old any rusty. (c)/ No error (d), 17. I (a)/have (b)/many works to do. (c)/No error (d), 18. There are so many filths (a)/ all around (b)/ the place. (c)/ No error (d), 19. He is now reaping (a)/ the fruit (b)/ of all his hard work. (c)/ No error (d), 20. A great many student (a)/ have been declared (b)/ successful. (c)/ No, error (d), 21. We are going to launch (a)/ this three-crores project (b)/ within the next, few months. (c)/ No error (d), 22. The way to increase the production of the food (a)/ is to bring more land, (b)/ under cultivation. (c)/ No error (d), 23. The increasing mechanisation of life (a)/ have led us farther away from, daily contact with nature and (b)/ the crafts of the farm. (c)/ No error (d), 24. We stopped (a)/ to admire (b)/ the beauty of the sceneries around us. (c)/, No error (d), 25. Can you (a)/ lend me (b)/ ten thousands rupees? (c)/ No error (d), 26. Tilak and Sudha’s books (a)/ are (b)/ worth praising. (c)/ No error (d), 27. These news were broadcasted (a)/ from All India Radio (b)/ only yesterday., (c)/ No error (d), 28. All (a)/ his family members (b)/ are settled in Europe. (c)/ No error (d), 29. He has written (a)/ an autobiography (b)/ of his father. (c)/ No error (d), 30. Although she has studied (a)/ English for almost a year (b)/ she is yet-tolearn the alphabets. (c)/ No error (d), 31. Her house is made of bricks (a)/ while mine is made (b)/ of glass and iron, only. (c)/ No error (d), 32. Sheeps are economically useful (a)/ and so they are reared (b)/ in the, hills. (c)/ No error (d), 33. I have not gone through (a)/the letter so I am not aware (b)/ of its content., (c)/ No error (d), 34. I shall not attend the meeting (a)/ since I have many works to complete, (b) / within alloted time. (c) /No error (d), 35. I gave him (a)/ two hundred rupees notes (b)/ for depositing (c)/ No error (d), 36. I don’t think (a)/ it is your house, (b) It is somebody’s else (c)/ No error (d), 37. She misplaced her spectacle (a)/ and is now feeling (b)/ great difficulty in, studying (c)/ No error (d), 38. Arabian Nights’ are (a)/ a collection of (b)/ very interesting episodes of, adventure (c)/ No error (d), 39. I hope to visit (a)/ my uncle only next year (b)/ during summer vacations, (c)/ No error (d), , 23

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40. The table’s wood (a)/ is infested with mite (b)/ and I am likely to dispose, it off (c)/ No error (d), 41. I can’t come to you now (a)/ because a lot of works (b)/ remains to be done, (c)/ No error (d), 42. Recently I visited Kashmir (a)/ and found the sceneries (b)/ to be, marvellous (c)/ No error (d), 43. All the furnitures have been (a)/ sent to the new house (b)/ located in a, village. (c)/ No error (d), 44. They left (a)/ their luggages (b)/ at the railway station (c)/ No error (d), 45. His mouth watered (a)/when he saw (b)/ a bouquet of grapes (c)/ No error, (d), 46. My brother-in-laws (a)/ who live in Mumbai have come (b) to stay with us, (c)/ No error (d), 47. These kind of shirts (a)/ are rather expensive (b)/ for him to buy (c)/ No, error (d), 48. You can get (a)/ all the informations (b)/ you want in this book (c)/ No, error (d), 49. A stock of lectures on this topic (a)/ will be fruitful (b)/ to the students, (c)/ No error (d), 50. He saw (a)/ a crew of ships (b)/ in the harbour (c)/ No error (d), Nouns, Direction - Correct the following sentences, 1. You will need a lot of informations., 2. He purchased machineries for the plant., 3. My hairs are black., 4. Most male deers have antlers., 5. They caught several fishes., 6. Sheeps are reared for wool., 7. He received many advices., 8. My spectacle is lost., 9. His trouser is black., 10. Mathematic is my favourite subject., , Noun: Exercise-3, , Direction:- (1 to 25) in the following questions, some of the sentences have, errors and some have none. Find out which part of a sentence has an error, corresponding to the appropriate letter (a, b, c) If there is no error, your answer, will be, No error (d)., 1. She has gone through the several plays of Marlowe’s (a)/ who is said to, have influenced (b)/ Shakespeare in many ways (c)/ No error (d), 2. Delhi water supply system is not as good as (a)/ it should be because (b)/, of various problems (c)/ No error (d), 3. To me, the root cause of failure and frustration lies (a)/ in the Government, negligence (b)/ to education system (c)/ No error (d), , 24

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4., 5., 6., 7., 8., 9., 10., 11., 12., 13., 14., 15., 16., 17., 18., 19., 20., 21., 22., , 23., 24., 25., , A friend of Preeti came to meet her mother who (a)/ has been ill (b)/ for, more than two months (c)/No error (d), The master said to the students, (a)/“Everybody business is (b)/ nobody’s, business” (c)/ No error (d), His problems in life are, however, not so serious (a)/ and painful as (b)/, Vikas for sure (c)/ No error (d), Gold of a gram weight will cost you two thousand rupees (a)/ and the, making cost will be (b)/ as per the type of jewellery (c)/ No error (d), That chair’s legs are not as strong as that yours (a)/ so I will not buy that, one (b)/ even though it is cheaper (c)/ No error (d), Your suggestion was certainly billions of rupees value, (a)/ as it changed, (b)/ my life well and truly (c)/ No error (d), An earthquake is a natural phenomenon and (a)/ it is very difficult (b)/ to, get control over it (c)/ No error (d), One of my best book on communication skill is going (a)/ to be published, as soon as (b )/I am finished with it (c)/ No error (d), Judge in him is very considerate (a)/ and (b)/ sagacious to the bone (c)/, No error (d), She has been running four five stars hotels (a)/ in India for more (b) than, ten years (c)/ No error (d), Several summons have been issued by the court but (a)/ he has not, turned up (b) even a single time (c)/ No error (d), She said to her friend, “Do convey my best (a)/ regard and wishes (b)/ to, your brother (c)/ No error (d), All of the poetries by Keats is very fascinating and (a)/ mesmerizing, so, you must (b)/ go through it at least once (c)/No error (d), Each of the boy and girl has to be present (a)/ here at sharp (b)/ ten, o’clock at any cost (c)/ No error (d), These type of books, are undoubtedly very useful (a)/ to the guys preparing, for (b)/ all kinds of competitive examinations (c)/ No error (d), Due to my illness, I have not been able to write (a)/ even the two third of, the book (b)/ which was expected to be published in May (c)/ No error (d), For certain reason, he was not able to come (a)/ here to see his mother, (b)/ and he is very remorseful of this fact (c)/ No error (d), Although his means is very scanty and slander, (a)/ he is able to raise his, (b)/ four children on his own (c)/ No error (d), At least those who belong to the same profession must (a)/ live amicably,, as they are brothers and a bond (b)/ however professional in nature does, exist among them (c)/ No error (d), Don’t you think he does everything (a)/ for conscience’s sake and I do, everything (b)/ for God’s sake? (c)/ No error (d), Good night Mukesh! How (a)/ are you (b)/ feeling now? (c)/ No error (d), You cannot imagine that I have been in (a)/ the teaching line for more, than (b)/ thirty years (c)/ No error (d), , 25

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Test : Noun Basic (Common Error), 1. There are only / certain boy that are sincere / and deligent and that can do well in the examination /, (a), , (b), , (c), , said the class teacher / No Error., (d), , (e), , 2. All the girls students / of the college are advised / to sit in the / Girls' common room / No Error., (a), , (b), , (c), , (d), , (e), , 3. The Sceneries / of Kashmir is more beautiful / than that of / Darjeeling / No Error., (a), , (b), , (c), , (d), , (e), , 4. The brethrens/of this locality are always/at daggers drawn without any/apparent reason / No Error., (a), , (b), , (c), , (d), , (e), , 5. He gave me / two important informations / I had been waiting for / the previous two months/No Error., (a), , (b), , (c), , (d), , (e), , 6. Your advices are / the proof of your / discriminating mind and / pragmatic approach / No Error., (a), , (b), , (c), , (d), , (e), , 7. The building's roof / needs repairing otherwise / it may fall down and / result in many person's death / No Error., (a), , (b), , (c), , (d), , (e), , 8. I visited / Jon's and Mary's house / twice but found / The couple was absent / No Error., (a), , (b), , (c), , (d), , (e), , 9. America's problems / are however / not so serious / and awful as India / No Error., (a), 10., , (b), , (c), , (d), , (e), , One of the problem / with you / is that you do not / come in time / No Error., (a), , (b), , (c), , (d), , (e), , Fill in the blanks with the suitable forms of the Nouns given in brackets:, 1., , We should use ......................... to protect our eyes from the sun. (goggle, goggles), , 2., , The ......................... should not look down on the poor. (Rich, riches), , 3., , There is a ......................... school in my village. (boys', boy's ; boys's), , 4., , Moni lives in this ......................... hostel. (girls', girl's, girls's), , 5., , I accept ......................... proposal. (Sita, Sita's), , 6., , ......................... should do his duty. (Everybody, Everybody's), , 7., , For ......................... sake, don't disturb me. (God's Gods'), , 33

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Noun: Practice Set-1, Directions:- Read each sentence to find out whether there is any grammatical error in it. The error,, if any, will be in one part of the sentence. The number of that part is the answer. If there is no error,, the answer is ‘5’ i.e. No error (Ignore the errors of punctuation, if any.), 1. Raghu is going (1) to stephen Hawking’s (2) / the scientist’s (3) / country. (4) / No error (5), 2. Sachin Tendulkar has (1) / scored more than (2) / five thousands (3) / runs. (4) / No error (5), 3. The name of (1) / Amitabh’s (2) / and Ajitabh’s (3) / father is Bachchanji. (4) / No error (5), 4. Sudhakar’s house (1) / is at (2) / a stone’s throw (3) / from here. (4) / No error (5), 5. There was (1) no money in the bank (2) / in Dhananjay’s (3) / and Mritunjay’s joint account (4) /, No error (5), 6. Babita has been (1) / given (2) / a ten rupees (3) / note today (4) / No error (5), 7. They are (1) / awaiting advices (2) / from their (3) / Delhi branch. (4) / No error (5), 8. Thousand (1) / of ruppes (2) / were (3) / spent by him. (4) / No error (5), 9. The crews (1) / of the boat (2) were (3) / not drowned. (4) / No error (5), 10. Ten kilometres (1)/ is a long distance (2) / but five years (3) / are not a long period/ (4) No error (5), 11. Linguistic (1) is (2) the study (3) / of language. (4) / No error (5), 12. The machineries are (1) / not functioning (2) / properly (3) / these days. (4) / No error (5), 13. The poetries (1) / of R.N. Tagore (2) / has been taught (3) / in the class (4) / No error (5), 14. On his way (1) / to the field (2) / Golu saw a flock (3) / of sheeps. (4) / No error (5), 15. Tomorrow (1) / we shall (2) / dine (3) / at our uncle’s. (4) / No error (5), 16. Sunrise (1) / is a (2) / great (3) / phenomena (4) / No error (5), 17. Success in money-making (1) / is not always (2) / a good criteria (3) / of real success in life. (4), No error (5), 18. Some teachers (1) / find it difficult (2) / to keep order (3) / in their classes (4) No error (5), 19. There have been (1) ten woman (2) / doctors (3) in our colony. (4) No error (5), 20. A five-men (1) / delegation (2) / waited upon (3) / the Prime Minister. (4) / No error (5), 21. The widow (1) / who lives near her house (2) / is passing through (3) / many crisis. (4) No error (5), 22. Hindus (1) and Muslims (2) / are (3) / brothers. (4) No error (5), 23. Deepak has (1) four man-servants (2) whereas Alok has got (3) / only one woman-servant. (4), No error (5), 24. The people (1) / of the world (2) / must (3) / unite. (4) / No error (5), 25. Rakhi met me (1) / on the way (2) / and asked a one (3) / hundred-rupees note (4) / No error (5), , 34

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Noun: Practice Set-2, Directions:- Read each sentence to find out whether there is any grammatical error in it. The error,, if any, will be in one part of the sentence. The number of that part is the answer. If there is no error,, the answer is ‘5’ i.e. No error (Ignore the errors of punctuation, if any.), 1. I am totally opposed (1) / to the statement (2) / of some of our manager. (3) / No error (4), 2. There is (1) no place (2) / in this compartment. (3) / No error (4), 3. Yogesh knew the (1) / value of obedient (2) / too well (3) / not to anticipate some. (4) / censure of, his act. / No error (5), 4. I have been (1) / living in Hyderabad (2) / at my uncle (3) / since my birth. (4) / No error (5), 5., , Billions of stars in the galaxy, (1) / how much are (2) / suitable for life? (3) / No error (4), , 6. All doubts are cleared (1) / between (2) / you and I. (3) / No error (4), 7. I went to the temple (1) / with my parents, my aunts (2) / and my cousin sisters. (3) / No error (4), 8. Games and sports are (1) / very essential for (2) / the proper developments of (3) / our body and, mind. (4) / No error (5), 9. The meeting will not end (1) / till the chairman (2) / gets approval from (3) / every members of the, Board. (4) / No error, 10. After her retiring (1) / she established many (2) / institutions to train (3) / underprivileged but, talented children. (4) / No error (5), 11. Most of that country (1) / hilly land is (2) / unsuitable not only for building (3) / but also for, agriculture. (4) / No error (5), 12. Against his family wishes (1) / Rakesh plans to (2) / take up a job (3) / as a journalist. (4) / No, error (5), 13. In his opinion (1) / every senior citizens (2) / will benefit (3) / from the new rule. (4) / No error (5), 14. Despite the progress (1) / we have achieved in (2) / the field of medicine, many (3) / million of, people die of malaria (4) / No error (5), 15. The success of the project (1)/ depends on how (2) / much efforts each (3) / team member puts, in. (4) / No error (5), 16. It is truth (1) / that India is (2) / the largest consumer of (3) / gold in the world. (4) / No error (5), 17. The long gap needs (1) / to be bridged soon (2) / because it has created (3) / a lot of unpleasant., (4) / No error (5)., 18. They have already put (1) / the proposal for to be approved (2) / in the ensuing meeting (3) /, before the Union Cabinet.(4) / No error (5), 19. On a number of occasions, (1) / we had noticed that (2) / those two employees (3) / were often, in state of confused. (4) / No error (5)., , 35

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Noun: Practice Set-3, Directions:- Read each sentence to find out whether there is any grammatical error in it., The error, if any, will be in one part of the sentence. The number of that part is the answer., If there is no error, the answer is ‘5’ i.e. No error (Ignore the errors of punctuation, if any.), 1. After retired she spent (1) / most of her time in teaching young (2) / doctors and motivating them, (3) / to work in rural areas. (4) / No error (5), 2. The professor tried (1) / his best to clear all (2) / their doubts on the subject (3) / after his, lecturing. (4) / No error (5), 3. There was a huge (1) / crowded in front (2) / of the actor’s (3) / house on his birthday. (4) / No, error (5), 4. Reena came early on (1) / Monday because she had (2) / to plan out the team’s schedule (3) / for, the whole weeks. (4) / No error (5), 5. All these document (1) / have been destroyed (2) / in the fire (3) / which occurred last month. (4), / No error (5), 6. I like (1) / the poetries (2) / of Byron and Shelley. (3) / No error (4), 7. The manager put forward (1) / a number of critereons (2) / for the post (3) / No error (4), 8. The bomb caused (1) / extensive damaged of (2) / the surrounding buildings. (3) / No error (4), 9. The devastating experiences (1) / of many wars taught some countries (2) / the necessary of, pursuing peace (3) / at the expense of nationalist ego. (4) / No error (5), 10. The infection which causes (1) / gums to bleed and teeth to fall out (2) / results from the build-up, of (3) / a particular becteria that is common to most mouths. (4) No error (5), 11. Seema’s parents were happy (1) / to let her marry the boy of her choice (2) / as he seemed to (3), / belong to a good family. (4) / No error (5), 12. At the time of crisis, (1) / the Bhagavad Gita gives light (2) / and guide to the mind tortured by, doubt (3) / and torn by conflict of duties. (4) / No error (5), 13. Deplete of the Ozone layer (1) / and the green house effect (2) over two long-term effects (3) /, of air pollution. (4) / No error (5), 14. The Indian government (1) / should make sure that (2) / men and women are (3) / given equal, opportunities. (4) / No error (5), 15. Suman took hundred coins (1) / from the man and (2) / gave him a few medicine (3) / to make, him feel better. (4) / No error (5), 16. Two lakhs of people (1) / attended the meeting (2) / held in parade grounds. (3) / No error (4), 17. There are so many filths (1) / all around (2) / the place. (3) / No error (4), 18. Children enjoy listening to (1) / ghosts stories (2) / especially on Halloween night. (3) / No error, 19. I (1) / have (2) / many works to do (3) / No error (4), 20. Mother and I (1) / generally go to the store (2) / and pick up food items (3) / for the charitable. (4), / No error (5), , 36

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Noun: Practice Set-4, 1. Raju is a Gandhi (a) /in the class (b) /at Present (c) /No error (d), 2. Paper is (a) / made from (b) /a grass (c) /No error (d), 3. He spent(a) /ten thousands rupees (b) /in his birthday Party (c) /No error (d), 4. Dozen of leaders (a) /have been invited (b) /to this party (c) /No error (d), 5. Many thief (a) /have been (b) /arrested today (c) /No error (d), 6. There is a /girls college (b) /in my village (c) /No error (d), 7. He gave us (a) /good news which (b) /are related to our career (c) /No error (d), 8. The army have been(a) /called to carry out (b) /rescue operations (c) /No error (d), 9. I do not cut (a) /Paper with blade (b) /but with scissors (c) /No error (d), 10. It is not difficult for me (a) /to chase a huge score in (b) /the last inning (c) /No error (d), 11. A gallery of pictures (a) /were showed to (b) /us on Monday (c) /No error (d), 12. The prime minister’s of India’s (a) /reaction is very important (b) /in the development of the, country (c) /No error (d), 13. Students after students (a) /was explained not to (b) /do this mistake again (c) /No error (d), 14. Despite sending five (a) /letter we have (b) / received no answer from the company(c) /No error (d), 15. All individuals are different (a) /so their tastes vary (b) /from one another (c) /No error (d), 16. The demand of the (a) /workers union has (b) /been accepted by the company (c) /No error (d), 17. The chief minister (a) speech was reported (b) /to the newspaper on Sunday (c) /No error (d), 18. All the jobs should (a) /be based on people’s (b) /strengths and weaknesses (c) /No error (d), 19. Some peoples have (a) /been working in their (b) /fields since morning (c) /No error (d), 20. There was no (a) /place in the function (b) /on monday night (c) /No error (d), 21. I know(a) /the value (b) /of obedient (c) /No error (d), 22. Billion of stars (a) /in the galaxy how many (b) /are suitable for life (c) /No error (d), 23. I always go to(a) /temple with (b) /my cousin brother (c) /No error (d), 24. Most of the student/ (a) /wishing should be (b) /fulfilled by the management (c)No error (d), , 37

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Noun: Practice Set-5, 1. The beautiful (a) /sorrounding of that place (b) /enchanted us (c) /No error (d), 2. The table‘s legs have (a) /been broken (b) /by the children (c) /No error (d), 3. The sceneries of kashmir(a) /is more charming (b) /than that of Nainital (c) /No error (d), 4. All his document(a) /have been destroyed (b) /in the fire (c) /No error (d), 5. I like(a) /the poetries of (b) /Byron and shelley (c) /No error (d), 6. I have(a) /many works (b) /to do today (c) /No error (d), 7. All the furniture(a) /has been made (b) /of woods (c) /No error (d), 8. The audience are (a) /requested to take (b) /its seat (c) /No error (d), 9. I told him that(a) /it was (b) /Friend’s Ram ‘s house (c) /No error (d), 10. Two million people(a) /attended the meeting (b) /held in Parade grounds (c) /No error (d), 11. They left their (a) /Luggages at (b) /the railway station (c) /No error (d), 12. You can get (a) /all the informations if you (b) /read this booklet carefully (c) /No error (d), 13. Last Sunday I (a) /lost three hundred (b) /rupee (c) /No error (d), 14. Speakers after speakers (a) /came on the state (b) /to perform (c) /No error (d), 15. People living in low-lying areas(a) /Find it difficult to cope (b) /with the floods (c) /No error (d), 16. My Father gave me (a) /a pair of binocular (b) /on my birthday (c) /No error (d), 17. When I was passing through (a) /the forest I saw (b) /a number of deers (c) /No error (d), 18. All my sister-in-laws (a) /talked one another (b) /for a long time (c) /No error (d), 19 A pair of goggles (a) /were bought (b) /yesterday evening (c) /No error (d), 20. My Father’s-in-law(a) /behaviour is (b) /liked by me (c) /No error (d), 21. I do not go(a) /to any body’s else (b) /home except Ram’s (c) /No error (d), 22. The wages of crime (a) /were a big Punishment (b) /in the sixteenth century (c) /No error (d), 23. There are two (a) /woman-doctors (b) /in my village (c) /No error (d), 24. My parents’(a) /blessings is always (b) /with me (c) /No error (d), , 38

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Noun: Practice Set-6, 1., , 2., , 3., , 4., , 5., , 6., , 7., , 8., , 9., , The cattles are grazing in the field, (a) cattle is, (b) cattle are, (c) cattles were (d) No improvement, He gave me a ten-rupees note, (a) ten-rupee, (b) tens-rupees, (c) tens-rupees, (d) No improvement, I have read John and Keat’s Poetry., (a) John’s and Keat Poetry, (b) John’s and Keat’s Poetries, (c) John’s and Keat’s Poems, (d) No improvement, Last evening I went to the optician and, bought spectacles., (a) a spectacle, (b) two spectacles, (c) an spectacles (d) No improvement, Both the mother-in-laws welcomed the, newly weds with garlands of flowers., (a) mothers-in-laws (b) mother-in-law, (c) Mothers-in-law (d) No improvement, Rohan lent me Five hundreds rupees., (a) Five hundred rupees, (b) Five hundred rupee, (c) Five hundreds rupee, (d) No improvement, Ten -kilometers are not a long distance, (a) Ten kilometer are, (b) Ten -Kilometer is, (c) Tens kilometers is, (d) No improvement, Million of Peoples speak English in the, world, (a) Millions of Peoples, (b) Millions People, (c) Millions of People, (d) No improvement, Many thiefs have been arrested today, (a) thieves has, (b) Many thieves have, (c) Many thiefs has, (d) No improvement, , 10. A team of Five players have performed, well today., (a) Five players has, (b) Five player has, (c) Five player have, (d) No improvement, 11. Peoples have been working-in their field, since morning., (a) People has, (b) People have, (c) People are, (d) No improvement, 12. Economics play an important role in the, development of a country., (a) Economics plays, (b) economic plays, (c) Economic play, (d) No improvement, 13. Mother always finds faults with the maid, servant., (a) Find fault, (b) Finding faults, (c) Finds Fault, (d) No improvement, 14. He gave a lot of advices to the children., (a) a lot of advice (b) a lot of advise, (c) lot of advice (d) No improvement, 15. The first inning was played well by India., (a) innings were (b) innings was, (c) inning is, (d) No improvement, 16. Kalidas was the shakespeare of India., (a) a shakespeare (b) an shakespeare, (c) shakespeare (d) No improvement, 17. Buildings are made of the bricks and, stones., (a) the brick and stone, (b) bricks and stones, (c) brick and stone, (d) No improvement, 18. A pair of trouser is missing, (a) trousers is, (b) trousers are, (c) trouser are, (d) No improvement, , 39

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Noun: Practice Set-7, 1., , 2., , 3., , 4., , 5., , 6., , 7., , 8., , Ram’s my friend house is situated in, Ghazipur, (a) Ram my friend, (b) Ram my friend’s, (c) Ram’s My friends, (d) No improvement, His Father’s in -law behaviour is liked by, him., (a) Father-in-law (b) Father-in-Law’s, (c) Father’s in law (d) No improvement, There are many woman doctors in this, hospital., (a) Women doctors (b) Women doctor, (c) Woman doctor (d) No improvement, A pair of scissor was bought yesterday., (a) scissors were (b) scissors were, (c) scissors was (d) no improvement, Words for words was learnt by them., (a) word for word was, (b) words for words were, (c) word for words was, (d) No improvement, A week leave is enough for you., (a) A week leave’s is, (b) A week’s leave is, (c) A weeks’leaves is, (d) No improvement, Chairs legs have been broken by the, children., (a) Chair legs have, (b) legs of chair have, (c) legs of chair’s-have, (d) No improvement, Many sheeps have been grazing in the field, since morning., (a) Many sheep has, (b) Many sheeps has, (c) Many sheep have, (d) No improvement, , 9., , 10., , 11., , 12., , 13., , 14., , 15., , 16., , 17., , 40, , Raj’s friend’s brother is my classmate., (a) Brother of Raj’s Friend, (b) Brother of Raj friend’s, (c) Raj Friend’s brother, (d) No improvement, Much pains were given to him for his, misdeed, (a) Many pains were, (b) Much pains was, (c) Many pains was, (d) No improvement, All his document have been lost, (a) documents have (b) document has, (c) documents has (d) No improvement, Rohan’s wages is twenty thousand per, month., (a) Rohan’s wage is, (b) Rohan wages are, (c) Rohan’s wages are, (d) No improvement, All his brother-in-laws are invited to the, Party every year., (a) brother-in-laws (b) brothers-in-law, (c) brothers-in-laws (d) No improvement, This table has been made of the woods., (a) the wood, (b) a wood, (c) wood, (d) No improvement, The sceneries of Kashmir is very, charming., (a) sceneries of Kashmir are, (b) scenery of Kashmir is, (c) sceneries of Kashmir was, (d) No improvement, Audience is requested to take their seat., (a) Audience are (b) Audiences are, (c) Audience have (d) No improvement, I do not know anybody’s else knowledge., (a) anybodies else (b) anybody else’s, (c) anybody else (d) No improvement

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19. It is difficult for a young teacher / (a) to have a, , Practice set 1, 1., 2., 3., 4., , whole class of fifteen – year – old / (b) because at, , They have / (a) Placed order / (b) for books. /(c), , that age young people are quite restless. / (c) no, , no error(d), , error(d), , My brother - in- laws / (a) who live in Delhi / (b), have come to stay with us. /(c) no error(d), , directed a number of good films, was / (b) one of, , The customer handed over / (a) a five hundred, rupees note / (b) to the shopkeeper. /(c)no error(d), , India’s most talented film maker. / (c) no error(d), , The flock of lions / (a) roamed about / (b) fearlessly, in the jungle. /(c)no error(d), , 5., , I have done my best / (a) the whole thing is now, One of the most / (a) widely spread bad habit / (b), is the use of tobacco. / (c) no error (d), , 7., , (c) no error(d), 22. These kind of shirts / (a) are rather expensive/(b), for her to buy./ (c) no error (d), begin from Monday. / no error(d), 24. I don’t like / (a) the theatre of the Absurd’s / (b) at, all./ (c) No error(d), , Recently I visited Ooty / (a) and found the, sceneries / (b) to be marvelous / (c) no error (d), , 8., , 21. I saw / (a) a few children / (b) playing on sand. /, , 23. Interviews for / (a) the posts of lecturer / (b) will, , / (b) in the laps of the God. /(c) no error(d), 6., , 20. Deepak Rao who conceived,co-authored / (a) and, , 25. The crowd of angry students / (a) ordered the /, (b) closing of shops. / (c) no error(d), , All the furnitures have been / (a) sent to the newly, , Practice set 2, , constructed house / (b) located in a village. /(c), no error(d), 9., , 1., , station. / (c) no error(d), , The car could not / (a) ascend the steep hill / (b), because it was in the wrong gears./ (c) No error(d), , They left / (a) their luggages / (b) at the Bus, , 2., , The defence counsel must / (a) defend and protect, the unjustly accuseds / (b) as well as the suspects, , 10. A trained gang of sailors / (a) was employed / (b), , he knows are guilty. / (c) no error(d), , on the ship. / (c) no error(d), 11. The sound of / (a) a gunshot / (b) scattered the, , 3., , He acted not / (a) as per my advice / (b) but, somebody else. / (c) no error (d), , flock of birds. / (c)no error(d), 12. The Indian force / (a) drove away / (b) the, , 4., , as that of India. / (c) no error (d), , Pakistanis. / (c) no error(d), 13. The polling was marred / (a) at many places / (b), by attempts of rigging./ (c) no error(d), , Pakistan’s problems / (a) are also as / (b) serious, , 5., , When I reached at the gate / (a) of his house I, found his / (b) locking up the gate. / (c) no error(d), , 6., , 14. His mouth watered / (a) when he saw / (b) a, , Many of the question / (a) appeared in this, question paper / (b) are too difficult to solve. / (c), , bouquet of grapes. / (c) no error(d), , no error(d), , 15. You can get / (a) all the informations you want /, , 7., , (b) in this library. / (c) no error(d), , I visited / (a) Ram’s and Sita’s house / (b) and, found the couple missing. / (c) no error(d), , 16. This article / (a) is not available in /(b) any of the, , 8., , shop in the market/(c) No error /(d), , All the girls students / (a) are advised to / (b), attend the meeting positively./ (c) No error(d), , 17. The blinds / (a) deserve / (b) our sympathy. / (c)no, , 9., , error(d), , She gave me two / (a) important informations I, had been / (b) waiting for the last months. / (c) no, error(d), , 18. Students should not take part / (a) in party politics, and political demonstrations / (b) as they interfere, , 10. What was your parents’ / (a) react to your decision, / (b) to be a lawyer. / (c) no error(d), , in serious study./ (c) No error (d), , 41

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11. She could not complete / (a) even the two third of, , 5., , the book / (b) owing to her busy schedule. / (c), no error(d), , dozens apples. / (c) no error (d), 6., , 12. All the woman teachers / (a) are agitating / (b), against the haughty attitude of the principal. / (c), no error(d), 13. Globe warming as / (a) an extremely / (b) dangerous, phenomenon. / (c) no error(d), , 7., 8., , 10. I can count / (a) three grey hairs / (b) on my, moustache. / (c) no error (d), 11. This sturdy building / (a) has been made out of /, , order. / (c) no error(d), , (b) bricks and mortar./ (c) no error (d), , 17. She has ordered / (a) two dozens of copies / (b) of, English book by Mr. Gupta. / (c) no error(d), 18. She uses a good / (a) quality of shampoo / (b) so, her hairs is black. / (c) no error(d), , 12. He ran an amazing / (a) ten – miles – race and / (b), bagged the trophy. / (c) no error (d), 13. Finally the / (a) summer vacations are / (b) quite, near./ (c) No error (d), , 19. How many / (a) music instruments / (b) can you, play? / (c) no error(d), 20. I know nothing / (a) about her / (b) where about., / (c) no error(d), 21. I am forced / (a) to keep a / (b) male maid - servant./, (c) no error(d), 22. The landlord / (a) of this house / (b) is a, phenomenal woman. / (c) no error(d), 23. In India / (a) voting is a / (b) democracy procedure., / (c) no error(d), 24. The book has / (a) exercise at the end / (b) of, every chapter. / (c) no error(d), , 14. He badly needs / (a) two pair / (b) of boots. / (c), no error (d), 15. He narrated / (a) the story superbly / (b) in great, details. / (c) no error (d), 16. This type of product / (a) is not available in / (b), any of the shop in the market. / (c) no error (d), 17. One of my brother / (a) told me about the sad, demise / (b) of your uncle./ (c) no error (d), 18. Every day when he passes / (a) through this side,, all the employee / (b) gather around to have a, glimpse. / (c) no error (d), 19. He says that / (a) he has a car / (b) beside a scooter., / (c) no error (d), , 25. Do you have / (a) any experiences / (b) of working, with children? / (c) no error(d), , 20. Did you see any / (a) of the child when / (b) you, , Practice set 3, , were in the garden? / (c) no error (d), 21. You know it well / (a) that your success in life / (b), , The soldiers had to carry / (a) their equipments, , depends not on my advice but somebody else. /, , on their / (b) backs for miles. / (c) no error (d), , (c) no error (d), , Five enemy aircrafts / (a) have been shot down /, , 22. The life of the rich / (a) is not in many ways as, , (b) over the coast. / (c) no error (d), , peaceful / (b) as that of the poor’s. / (c) no error, (d), , I’ve sent off for the detail / (a) of a job I saw / (b), advertised in the paper. / (c) no error (d), , 4., , Though he is still/ (a)in his twenties, his / (b), hairs has gone grey. / (c) no error (d), , 16. A dictionary is / (a) arranged in / (b) alphabetic, , 3., , I am a vegetarian and / (a) thankfully I love / (b), fruits and vegetables. / (c) no error (d), , 9., , shopping complex. / (c) no error(d), , 2., , Without a doubt the sceneries / (a) in Kashmir /, (b) are extremely lovely./ (c) No error (d), , 15. He has ordered / (a) bricks for the proposed / (b), , 1., , Unfortunately the new / (a) scissor I have, purchased / (b) are blunt. / (c) no error (d), , 14. He informed that / (a) he had lost a packet / (b) of, the hundred rupees notes. / (c) no error(d), , My father always / (a) brings home two / (b), , 23. The expert mason reported to the owner / (a) of, , Every week our French teacher / (a) gives us a list, , the hotel that there was / (b) question of the wall’s, , of / (b) vocabulary to learn. / (c) no error (d), , falling down. / (c) no error (d), , 42

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24. Your son’s – in – law’s friend is seriously ill / (a), , 6., , One of our first conversation was about queer, , and he wants you / (b) to see him as soon as, , politics., , possible. / (c) no error (d), , (a) Ours first conversation, , 25. Libya and Syria’s present condition / (a) indicates, , (b) Our first conversations, , that both the countries / (b) will face a lot of, , (c) Ours first conversations, , problems in the coming years. / (c) no error (d), , (d) No improvement, , Practice set 4, , 7., , (a) Car- doors are loose, , Direction: in each of the following question, either, , (b) Doors of car are loose, , whole or a part of the sentence is italicized. Below, , (c) Doors of the car are loose, , each sentence are given possible substitutions for, , (d) No improvement, , the italicized part. If one of them is better than the, italicised part indicate your response against the, , The car’s doors are loose, , 8., , I know nothing about Ankit’s whereabout., , corresponding letter. If none of the substitution, , (a) Ankit’s whereabouts, , improves the sentence the indicate ‘ no improvement’, , (b) Whereabouts of ankit, , as your answer., , (c) Ankit whereabouts, , 1., , (d) No improvement, , All his family members are in London., (a) All of his family members, , 9., , (b) All the family members of his, (c) All the members of his family, , (a) Many a poets, (b) Many other poets, , (d) No improvement, 2., , (c) Any other poets, , Every student needs advises about career., (a) Students need advices, , (d) No improvement, 10. I visited Ravi’s and jyoti’s apartment but found, , (b) Student needs advice, , the couple absent, , (c) Students need advice, , (a) Ravi and jyoti’s, , (d) No improvement, 3., , I feel out of sort today., , (b) Ravi’s and jyoti, , (a) I feel of sort today, , (c) Ravi and jyoti, , (b) I feel out of sort today, , (d) No improvement, 11. In some cases factors like low salary, lack of, , (c) I feel out of sort this day, 4., , (d) No improvement, , growth prospects and lack of compel all employee, , I saw about a dozen police assaulting the, , to look for a change, , protestors, , (a) Compel employees, , (a) A dozen policemen, , (b) Compel those employees, , (b) A dozen polices, , (c) Compelling all employees, , (c) A dozen policeman, , (d) No improvement, , (d) No improvement, 5., , Shakespeare is greater than any other poet, , 12. One of the factor for her failure is the lack of, , Many a men has been going to the circus lately, , concern for others., , (a) Many a men have been, , (a) The mainly factor, , (b) Many a man have been, , (b) One of the factors, , (c) Many a man has been, , (c) Among of the factors, , (d) No improvement, , (d) no improvement, , 43

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13. we generally select one of the most intelligent, , 20. In Maharashtra alone, more than 400 farmer, , student of the school for this award, , commits suicide every year., , (a) one of the most intelligent students of the, , (a) Farmers commits suicide, , school, , (b) Farmer commit suicide, , (b) one of the intelligent most students of the, , (c) Farmers commit suicide, , school, , (d) No improvement, , (c) one of the intelligent most student of the, , 21. This survey will give us much knowledge of the, , school, , public’s opinion on abortion., , (d) No improvement, , (a) Public opinion’s, , 14. Many a man life is in danger because of him., , (b) Public opinion, , (a) Many a men life, , (c) Public’s opinions, , (b) Many a men’s life, , (d) No improvement, , (c) Many a man’s life, , 22. A majority of the woman doctors are on leave., , (d) No improvement, , (a) The women doctors, , 15. His flute recitation was highly appreciated, , (b) The woman doctor, , (a) Flute play, , (c) The women doctor, , (b) Flute recital, , (d) No improvement, , (c) Flute singing, , 23. The girls’ common room is to the left of the library, (a) Girl common room, , (d) No improvement, 16. His hairs are really very attractive., , (b) Girls common room, , (a) Hair is, , (c) Girl’s common room, , (b) Hair are, , (d) No improvement, , (c) Hairs is, , 24. Great men see the world with their mind eye., , (d) No improvement, 17. When the soldier returned home after the war was, over, his wife received him with open hands., (a) With unfolded hands, , (a) Minds’ eyes, , (b), , Mind eyes, , (c) Mind’s eye, , (d), , No improvement, , 25. We held each other hand and prayed, , (b) With open arms, , (a) Held each other’s, , (c) With an open heart, , (b) Held the other, , (d) No improvement, , (c) Hold each other’s, (d) No improvement, , 18. Allen Ginsberg was among the most celebrated, , ANSWER Key With Explanations, , member of the beat generation, (a) Among the most celebrated members of, , Practice Set 1, , (b) Celebrated among most members of, , 1., 2., , (c) Among most celebrated members of, (d) No improvement, 19. I came across sand structures more than 30 foot, in height., (a) Feet, (b) Feats, (c) Foots, , 3., 4., 5., 6., 7., 8., , (d) No improvement, , 44, , (b) replace ‘order’by ‘orders’, (a) replace ‘brother – in – laws’ by ‘ ‘brothers -in, –law’, (b) replace ‘rupees’ by ‘rupee’, (a) replace ‘flock’ by ‘pride’, (c) Replace ‘laps’ by ‘lap’, (b) replace ‘habit by ‘habits’, (b) replace ‘sceneries’ by scenery’, (a) Replace ‘furnitures have been’ by furniture, has been’

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9., 10., 11., 12., 13., 14., 15., 16., 17., 18., 19., 20., 21., 22., 23., 24., 25., 1., 2., 3., 4., 5., 6., , 7., , 8., 9., 10., 11., 12., 13., 14., 15., 16., 17., 18., 19., , (c) replace ‘gears by ‘gear’, (a) replace ‘gang’ by ‘crew’, (d) no error, (a) replace ‘force’ by forces’, (d) no error, (c) replace ‘bouquet’ by ‘bunch’, (b) replace ‘informations’ by information, (c) replace ‘shop’ by shops’, (a) Replace ‘blinds’ by blind, (c) Replace ‘study’ by studies’, (b) Replace ‘fifteen- year- old’ with ‘fifteen- yearolds, (c) Replace ‘maker’ by ‘makers’, (c) Replace ‘sand’ by ‘sands’, (a) Replace ‘kind’ by ‘kinds’, (b) Replace ’posts’ by post, (b) Replace ‘Absurd’s’ with Absurd, (a) Replace ‘crowd’ by ‘mob, Practice Set 2, (b) Replace luggages by luggage, (b) Replace accuseds with accused, (c) Replace ‘else’ with ‘else’s’, (c) The correct form is, ‘as serious as india’s’ –, OR- ‘as serious as those of india’, (b) Replace ‘his’ with’ him, (a) Replace ‘question’ with ‘questions’ remember, to use plural noun after ‘one of’, ’one of the’,, ’many of the’., (b) Replace ‘Ram’s’ and Sita’s Ram & Sita’ form a, unity with respect to the house, only a single, apostrophe’s is required, (a) use ‘girl students’ in place of ‘girls students’, (b) The correct form is, ‘…two important pieces, of information,, (b) Replace ‘react’ with ‘reaction’, (b) Replace ‘the two third’ with ‘two thirds’, (a) Replace ‘woman teachers’ by ‘women, teachers’- OR –‘lady teachers’, (a) Replace ‘globe’ with ‘global’, (c) Replace ‘rupees’ by ‘rupee’, (b) Use pieces of brick’ in place of ‘bricks’, (c) Replace ‘alphabetic’ with ‘alphabetical’, (b) Use ‘two dozen copies’ instead of ‘two dozens, of copies’, (c) Replace ‘hairs’ with ‘hair’, (b) Replace ‘music’ with ‘musical’, , 20. (c) Replace ‘whereabout’ with ‘whereabouts’, 21. (c) Replace ‘male maid – servant’ with ‘manservant’, 22. (a) Replace ‘landlord’ with ‘landlady’, 23. (c) Replace ‘democracy’ with ‘democratic’, 24. (b) Replace ‘exercise’ with ‘exercises’, 25. (b) Replace ‘experiences’ with ‘experience’, Practice Set 3, 1. (b) Replace ‘equipments’ with equipment’, 2. (a) Replace ‘aircrafts’ with ‘aircraft’, 3. (a) Replace ‘detail’ with ‘details’, 4., 5., 6., 7., 8., 9., , (d) No error, (c) Replace ‘dozens’ with ‘dozen’, (b) Replace ‘scissor’ with ‘scissors’ –OR- ‘pair of, scissors’, (a) Replace ‘sceneries’ with ‘scenery’, (c) Replace ‘fruits’ with ‘fruit’, (c) Replace ‘hairs’ with ‘hair’, , 10., 11., 12., 13., 14., , (d) No error, (c) Replace ‘bricks’ with ‘brick’, (b) Replace ‘ten- miles-race’ with ‘ten-mile-race’, (b) Replace ‘vacations are’ with ‘vacation’ is, (b) Replace ‘pair’ with ‘pairs’, , 15. (c) Replace ‘details’ with ‘detail’, 16. (c) Replace ‘shop’ with ‘shops’ plural form of, noun is used after any of /most of / one of., 17. (a) Replace ‘brother’ with ‘brothers’, 18. (b) Replace ‘employee’ with ‘employees’, 19. (c) Replace ‘beside’ with ‘besides’, 20. (b) Replace ‘child’ with ‘children’, 21. (c) Replace ‘somebody else’ with ‘somebody, else’s’, 22. (c) Replace ‘poor’s’ with ‘poor’, 23. (c) Replace ‘the wells falling down’ with ‘the, falling down of the wall’, 24. (a) Replace ‘son’s-in-law’s with ‘son-in –law’s’, 25. (a) Use libya’s and syria’s instead of Libya and, syria’s, Practice Set 4 [Only Answers], , 45, , 1. C, 5. C, 9. D, 13. A, 17. B, 21. B, 25. A, , 2. B, 6. B, 10. A, 14. C, 18. A, 22. A, , 3. B, 7. C, 11. A, 15. B, 19. A, 23. D, , 4. A, 8. A, 12. B, 16. A, 20. C, 24. C

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COLLECTIVE NOUNS OR GROUP NAMES, S.No A Group Name of Noun, 1. A band of musicians, 2. A batch / class of students, 3. A bench of magistrates, 4. A bevy of ladies / girls, 5. A board of director, 6. A bouquet of flowers, 7. A box of cigars, 8. A brood of chickens, 9. A bunch of flowers, 10. A bunch of fruits, 11. A bundle of sticks, 12. A caravan of travellers, 13. A choir of singers, 14. A cloud of locusts, 15. A clutter /constellation /galaxy of stars, 16. A code of laws, 17. A collection of stamps, 18. A army / battalion / company of soldiers, 19. A congregation of worshippers, 20. A consignment of goods, Compound words may be formed from:, 1. Noun + Noun, 2. Adjective + Noun, 3. Verb + Noun, 4. Gerund + Noun, 5. Adverb (preposition) + Noun, 6. Verb + Adverb, 7. Adverb + verb, Noun Compound, Nouns, + Noun, New word, sun, light, sunlight, cricket, match, cricket match, hand, bag, handbag, post, card, postcard, rail, road, railroad, Adjective, + Noun, New word, sweet, heart, sweetheart, clever, man, clever man, deep, hand, shorthand, long, river, deep river, Verb, + Noun, New word, hang, man, hangman, dare, devil, daredevil, cut, throat, cuthroat, Verb, + Noun, New word, play, ground, playground, love, letter, love letter, , 21., 22., 23., 24., 25., 26., 27., 28., 29., 30., 31., 32., 33., 34., 35., 36., 37., 38., 39., 40., , A council of advisers, A couple of things, A course of lectures, A crowd of people, A dozen of things, A drove of cattle, A family of members, A fleet of ships, A flock of birds, A gang of dacoits, A gang of workers, A garland of pictures, A gallery of pictures, A gathering /group of people, A grove of trees, A heap of ruins, A heap of sand, A herd of cattle, A herd of cows, A herd of elephant, , pay, work, watch, Gerund, spelling, walking, writingdesk, blotting, stepping, Adverb, (Preposition), in, down, in, by, after, Verb, draw, lock, die, send, set, follow, Adverb, out, up, , 46, , slip, load, man, + Noun, book, stick, writing, paper, stone, + Noun, , payslip, workload, watchman, New word, spelling-book, walking-stick, desk, blotting-paper, stepping-stone, New word, , side, fall, mate, path, noon, +Adverb, back, up, hard, off, back, up, + Verb, set, keep, , inside, downfall, inmate, bypath, afternoon, New word, drawback, lockup, diehard, sendoff, setback, follow up, New word, outset, upkeep