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18, Microbiology for GNM, Microorganisms and its charactertics, 19, NORMAL FLORA, Lower bowel - Escherichia coli and other, Enterobacteriaceae,, The term normal flora is used to describle microorganisms that are, Enterococci, yeasts, Actinomycetes, Bacteriodes, Clostridium,, Bifidobacteria and Eubacteria., found in various body sites in normal, healthy individuals. The normal, flora are also called commensals. Commensals are the microorganisms, Perineum and Urethra - skin flora + lower bowel flora + mycoplasmas., which live in complete harmony with the host without causing any, damage to the body. Residents are strains that have an established, niche at one of the many body parts, which occupy indefinitely., Adult Vaginal flora Lactobacilli, Streptococci, Corynebacteria,, Mycoplasmas, Peptococci, Actinomycetes, and yeast., Transient flora are comes from the environment and inhabit from the, Role of normal flora in disease, body parts by competition from residents or by the host's innate or, immune defense mechanisms. Transient flora are inhabited for short, Many species among the normal flora are opportunists as they can, cause infection it reaches sufficient numbers or host defense, mechanisms are lowered. E.g. Strains of E.coli can reach the urinary, bladder by ascending the urethra and cause acute urinary tract, infection, occur mainly in sexually active women., period., Origin of normal flora, The human fetus is sterile until the birth membranes ruptures. After, birth, the infant is exposed to the flora of the mother's genital tract, to, the skin, and respiratory flora of those handling delivery and to, organisms in the environment. During the infant's first few days of life,, the flora can colonize particular sites in the body and exposed to a, broader range of organisms., Beneficial role of normal flora, Organisms of the normal flora play an important role in the development, of immunologic competence. The normal flora can block extraneous, pathogen and their ability to infect the host. The flora can digest, cellulose to usable form and provides many vitamins including 70% of, the animal's vitamin B requirement., Normal flora at different parts, Mouth, and, teeth, Staphylococci, other, viridans, DISEASES CAUSED BY DIFFERENT MICROBES, Streptococci,Streptococcus mutans, Spirochaetes, Actinomycetes,, Fusobacteria and yeast., Bacterial Diseases of the skin, Disease, Pathogen, Paranasal tissues -, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Fusobacteria,, Impetigo, Staphylococcus aureus; Streptococcus, Haemophilus influenzae, Actinomycetes, Bacteriodes, Peptococci and, Propionibacterium., pyogenes, Folliculitis, Staphylococcus aureus, Throat Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus pyogenes,, Haemophilus influenzae, other Haemophilus spp, Corynebacteria,, Neisseriae, Fusobacteria, Bacteriodes spp and Candida., Toxic shock syndrome, Staphylococcus aureus, Necrotizing Fascitiris, Streptococcus pyogenes, Skin flora-, Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Micrococci,, Erysipelas, Streptococcus pyogenes, Corynebacteria, Propionibacteriumand yeast., Pseudomonas dematitis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Otitis extema, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Upper bowel- Escherichia coli,other Enterobacteriaceae, Enterococci, and yeast., Аспе, Propionibacterium acnes