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Civil Disobedient movement 1930-34, The Civil Disobedient movement was a major political weapon that Gandhi started, against the British, this was a milestone in the history of India's independence movement., This is a common bigotry and is meant to violation of the laws of the government., Resistance to British Rule The main tactics of the movement was Swadeshi, no tax,, Forest fast, boycotts of foreign goods and ban on alcohol are the propagandas. Sardar, Vallabhbhai Patel began his legal break with the Bardholi Satyagraha in the year 1929., , Reasons for the Legal Breakdown Movement, Displeasure of the Simon Commission, Lala Lajpat Roy's Damage, Rejection of the 1929, Nehru Report. Full swaraj of 1929. The success of the Bardholi farmer Satyagraha. In, 1929 the Great Depression and the government's imposition of more tax on Indians., , Determination of Civil Disobedient movement, In the Congress Working Committee held at the Sabarmati Ashram from 14 to 16, February 1930, it was agreed that the leadership of Gandhi would launch a movement to, achieve the goal of complete sovereignty. Gandhi promised to launch a legal breakdown, movement by carrying out a salt satyagraha. Gandhi wrote an article on this movement, in Young India magazine and informed the people., , 11 Demands of Gandhi, Gandhi wrote a letter to Viceroy Irwin to Cutting expenses of defense and salaries of top, executives. Minimizing the exchange rate of the rupee. Reducing land revenue, Release, of political prisoners, Abolish the salt tax and remove its monopoly. Abolition of Central, Intelligence Department, To Pass the postal reservation bill. Protecting India's coastal, ships. The Congress came to a standstill after the Viceroy did not respond to Gandhi’s, demands., , Dandi March/Salt Satyagraha 1930, Gandhi’s intention was to condemn the British imposing higher taxes on salt in India,, thereby launching a campaign to warn the government in violation of British laws. The, British exploited the Indians by levying a Rs.24 tax on a rupee of salt. Gandhi selected, 78 volunteers. 61years old Gandhi and 18-year-old Mylar Mahadevappa of Karnataka, participated in the movement. Dandi march begun on 12 march 1930, during this walk,, Motilal Nehru donated his Anand Bhavan residence in Allahabad to the National, Congress. It was a great response who was preaching about the use of khadi, a nonalcoholic beverage, in the 24-day hike. The volunteers reached Dandi on 6 April 1930., Gandhi took a handful of salt in the dandi and symbolically broke the Salt Act and, auctioned the salt at Rs 1600. He called on the law-breaking movement to make their, own salt for the people of the country., , Breakdown of Civil Disobedient movement
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Thousands of people took part in the movement across the country in salt marches., Leaders like Jawaharlal Nehru Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel Rajendra Prasad C, Rajagopalachari Mrs. Sarojini Naidu participated actively in this movement. Salt, Satyagraha in Karnataka was conducted in Ankola under the leadership of M P, Nadakarni. Ankola was called the second Bardholi. Salt satyagraha took place in areas, like Malpe Sirsi Siddapur Bhatkal. Sirsi Siddapur and Hirekerur are famous for its forest, satyagraha and no tax movements. Frontier Gandhi Khan Abdul Gaffer Khan Puts Salt, Satyagraha in Northwest Territory. The law-breaking movement in Bengal has spread., As the planet intensified, the government arrested Gandhi and put him in Yarawada jail., , Dharasana salt Satyagraha, After Gandhi’s detention Abbas Thybji succeeded Sarojini Naidu as the leader of the, Dharsana Salt Satyagraha and attempted to attack the Dharsana Salt Center. Amidst, police alert, Satyagrahis attacked the darshan with Manilal Gandhi. The blood was, pouring on the head of the policeman's lathi, regardless of the mob's presence. No one, was carrying his hand against the police. Hundreds of people lost in the blood. However,, the remaining survivors continued their attacks, in spite of the policeman's baton,, which was described by American journalist Webb Miller. In his 18 years of service, he, has traveled to 22 countries but never seen a heartbreaking scene. This incident, alarmed the entire world., , Repression of Movement, The government has been aggressive in suppressing the movement as the movement has, turned violent across the country. They blocked newspapers and declared the Congress, party illegal and locked up Congress offices across the country. they arrested all the, major leaders, seizing assets. About 60,000 activists across the country were arrested, and the police were on their way as political causes were overrun by political prisoners., , Second Civil Disobedient Movement 1932 to 34, After the Gandhi-Irvine Pact the movement was temporarily suspended, Gandhi returned, to India without reward and started the movement. At the invitation of Gandhi, people, of all classes participated in the movement, expelling foreign goods, burning foreign, goods in the streets, destroying government assets, picketing in front of liquor stores,, and spreading forest fires. again Gandhi was arrested and thrown into prison under the, Civil Military Act. The government has made the move by arresting all Congress leaders,, including Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel, and enforcing the Press Release Act., , The effects of the Civil Disobedient movement, The failure of the movement to bring complete independence to India gave a new twist, to the national movement. The government enacted the Government of India Act of 1935, to gain the confidence of the people of the country. Government revenues have stalled, due to a serious impact on foreign trade. 70 % of the income from the farmers no tax, movement to the government. The establishment of the All India Kisan Sabha inspired, the consolidation of labor unions as a result of the movement. The Movement has
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initiated social transformation such as Women's Liberation Harijana Seva Sangha were, canceled as a result of this movement., , Round Table Conferences 1930 to 32, The government, which failed to repress the civil disobedient movement then tried to, conciliatory measures. Three roundtable conferences were held from 1930 to 1932 under, the chairmanship of Prime Minister Ramsay MacDonald in London, the capital of, England, to discuss the Simon Commission report, , The first Round table conference was 1930, The first meeting was held from November 16, 1930, to January 19, 1931, to discuss the, constitutional reform of India on the recommendation of the Simon Commission Report., The meeting was attended by 89 delegates, including the representatives of British India,, representatives of the States and all political parties. Ambedkar, Jayakar, MM Malviya, and Tejabahadur Sapru were prominent. The meeting discussed the formation of the, Union of India and the establishment of provincial sovereignty. At this meeting, the, kings of the country argued against the formation of a federal government. Similarly,, Ambedkar asked to give a separate constituency for untouchables But in the absence of, Congress, no resolution could be made and the conference adjourned., , Gandhi Irwin Pact 1931, After the failure of the first round table, persuade the Congress party to send the leaders, to the second round table conference. To do so, Viceroy unconditionally released Gandhi, and all other Congress leaders from prison. Gandhi Irvine was signed on March 5, 1931,, after Gandhi was invited by the Viceroy to negotiate with him. The main obligations of, the contract are, 1.The government should release all political prisoners with a special eulogy. 2.Allowing, for peaceful picketing of foreign goods and liquor stores. 3.Repeal the salt regulations, and allow people to produce on the beach.4. Returning property that was seized during, the movement.5. Consent to generously review the resignation of government employees, who have resigned. 6. In return, Gandhi withdrew his legal rebellion and agreed to attend, the second round table conference., Congress and other political parties vehemently criticized the Irvine Accord. Chandra, Bose and Jawaharlal Nehru have criticized Gandhi for selling India to England through, a treaty., , Second Round Table Conference 1931, The conference was held from September 7 to December 1931 and was attended by, Gandhi as a representative of the Congress party. The rest of the party was attended by, Jayakar Ambedkar Sarojini Naidu Madan Mohan Malviya. The meeting also discussed, India's constitutional problem and the minority issue. Gandhiji asked for the creation of, a government that would have full control over foreign affairs of war, Defense finance,, AgaKhan raised minority platform. Ambedkar asked Dalit’s to have separate electoral, constituencies. Mohammed Ali Jinnah demanded a separate Pakistan nation. The desi
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kings opposed the union system. Frustrated by the failure of the conference to reach any, conclusion, Gandhi boycotted the conference and returned to India in bare hands., , Communal Award 1932, Prime Minister Ramsay MacDonald announces a decision on behalf of the government, on August 16, 932, as the Indian delegation was to address the communal issue at the, second round table. It divided the Hindu society into Hindus and Untouchables and, promoted the reservation system in India and paved the way for the division of the, country., , Highlights of the Communal Award, Permission the demand of separate electorate for Muslims Anglo Indians, women’s. It, was agreed to give the untouchables a separate electorate. Harijans could vote in both, general and reserve constituencies. In the provincial legislatures, 71 seats were reserved, for the untouchables on religious grounds. Women were given a 3 percent reservation, excluding the Northwest Territory. Separate electorates were assigned to the workers,, zamindaris and factory universities., ., , Criticism of Communal Award, Hindus opposed this decision, which was a symbol of British colonialism and the, separation of untouchables from Hindu society, which pushed Indian national unity, against democracy. Ambedkar's campaign on behalf of Dalit’s also yielded, but Gandhi, opposed the verdict and began fasting at Yarwada Prison in Poona., , The Poona Pact is a 932, As this verdict was a malicious act of separating the untouchables from the Hindu, society, Gandhi wrote to the Prime Minister of England and suggested that if the, communal verdict was not amended, he would begin a fast. The Prime minister depended, the objection. On September 20, 1938, Gandhi went on a hunger strike at the Erawada, Prison. All over the country, Ambedkar was pressured to pursued Gandhi life. MM, Malaviya, Jaykar, Tej Bahadur Sapru, Rajagopalachari, Rajendra Prasad, Sarojini Naidu,, Ambedkar, who met in Bombay, prepared a declaration to protect Gandhi's life. But, Ambedkar declared his terms. There was a thunderbolt that I could not give my people's, favor to save Gandhi's life. Finally, Tej Bahadur Sapru prepared a plan and signed an, agreement between Gandhi and Ambedkar on 26 September 1932., , Highlights of Poona Pact, Untouchables were accepted as a part of Hindu society. 148 seats were given to the, untouchables in the central legislatures. At the provincial legislature agreed to reserve, 16 to 18 per cent seats for the untouchables., The British government agreed to a renegotiation and amended the decree so that, Gandhiji would end the fasting campaign and establish a Harijan Seva Sangha for the, protection of the untouchables and raise awareness in the Hindu for Hindu temples.
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The third round table conference 932, The third round table conference 1932 was held from November 12 to December 24 in, which the Congress and the Labor Party in England boycotted the meeting. Discussed, the Constitution of India with the remaining delegates. It was eventually decided to, create a union form of India consisting of the British Indian Territories and Indigenous, States. the Central Parliamentary System, the greater autonomy of the provinces, the, power between the Center and the Provinces, and the federal judicial system. At the, conclusion of this conference, the Constitution of India of 1935 was enacted.
