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HUMAN REPRODUCTION, , Reproduction is the process of production of youngones or, offsprings or new generation., , MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM, The male reproductive system is located in the pelvis region., It includes:, . Testes 2) Accessory ducts 3) Glands 4) External, genitalia, , TESTES, Situated outside the abdominal cavity within a pouch called scrotum., , Scrotum helps to maintaining the low temperature (2-2.5°° lower, than the normal body temperature)., , This low temperature is necessary for sperm production, (Spermatogenesis)., , Testis is oval in shape., , Length:- 4-5cm, Width:- 2-3cm., , The testis covered by a dense covering., , Each testis has about 250 compartments called testicular lobules., , Each lobule contains one to three highly coiled tubules called, seminiferous tubules., , Each seminiferous tubule contains two types of cells:-Male germ, cells and Sertoli cells., , Male germ cells Meiotic division Sperm, , Sertoli cells -Provide nutrition to the developing germ cells., , ca Edit with WPS Office

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The region outside the seminiferous tubules called interstitial space,, contain small blood vessels and interstitial cells or Leydig cells., , Leydig cells synthesise and secrete testicular hormone (male, hormone )called androgens(Testosterone)., , ACCESSORY DUCTS, , It includes :- 1) Rete tesis 2) Vasa efferentia 3) Epididymis 4), Vas deferens, , rete testis vasa efferentia epididymis vas, deferens Ejaculatory duct urethra urethral, meatus., , Opening urethral meatus., , ACCESSORY GLANDS, , Paired seminal vesicle, A (one) prostate gland, Paired bulbourethral, gland., , Secretion of these glands constitutes the seminal plasma., Seminal plasma rich in fructose, calcium, and certain enzyme., Seminal plasma with sperm is called semen., , Secretion of bulbo-urethral glands helps in lubrication of penis., EXTERNAL GENITALIA, , Penis is the external genitalia., , It is made of special tissue that helps in erection of the penis to, facilitate insemination., , The enlarged end of penis is called glans penis., Glans penis is covered by a loose fold of skin called foreskin., , THE FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM, , , , It consists a pair of Ovaries, oviducts, uterus ,cervix, vagina and the, external genitalia., , ca Edit with WPS Office

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The oviducts (fallopian tubes), uterus and vagina constitute the, female accessory ducts., , These parts of the system along with a pair of the mammary glands, are integrated structurally and functionally to support the processes, of ovulation, fertilisation, pregnancy, birth and child care., , OVARIES, , Primary female sex organ., , Located one on each side of the lower abdomen., Almond shaped; Length: 2- 4 cm., , Connected to the pelvic wall and uterus by ligaments., , Produce the female gamete (ovum) and several steroid hormones, (ovarian hormones-Estrogen and progesteron)., , Each ovary is covered by a thin epithelium which encloses the ovarian, stroma., , The stroma is divided into —, An outer cortex, , An inner medulla- contains many ovarian follicles at various stages of, development., , OVIDUCTS (FALLOPIAN TUBES), , Muscular tubes of 10-12 cm long which carry the ovum from ovary to, the uterus., , It is divided into 3:, Infundibulum- Funnel-shaped opening possessing finger-like fimbriae,, which help in collection of the ovum after ovulation., , Ampulla- a wider part., , Isthmus has a narrow lumen and it joins the uterus., , ca Edit with WPS Office

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UTERUS (WOMB), , It is a large, inverted pear-shaped,, , It is supported by ligaments attached to the pelvic wall., The uterus opens into vagina through a narrow cervix., The wall of the uterus has three layers of tissue., , The external thin membranous perimetrium,, , middle thick layer of smooth muscle, myometrium, inner glandular layer called endometrium, , The endometrium undergoes cyclical changes during menstrual cycle, and it is the zone of implantaion, , The myometrium exhibits strong contraction during delivery of the, baby., , VAGINA, It is a large, elastic, muscular tube about 7.5cm long., , The cavity of the cervix is called cervical canal which along with, vagina forms the birth canal., , EXTERNAL GENITALIA (Vulva), , The female external genitalia include:, , i) mons pubis, ii) labia majora, iii) labia minora, iv) hymen and v), clitoris, , i) Mons pubis: It is a cushion of fatty tissue covered by skin and, pubic hair., , ii) The labia majora: They are fleshy folds of tissue, which extend, down from the mons pubis and surround the vaginal opening., , iii) The labia minora: They are paired folds of tissue under the labia, majora., , ca Edit with WPS Office

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iv)Hymen : The opening of the vagina is often covered partially by a, membrane called hymen., , v)Clitoris : The clitoris is a tiny finger-like , sensitive structure, structure which lies at the upper junction of the two labia minora, above the urethral opening., , [The hymen is often torn during the first coitus (intercourse)., However, it can also be broken by a sudden fall or jolt, insertion of a, vaginal tampon, active participation in some sports like horseback, riding, cycling, etc. In some women the hymen persists even after, coitus. In fact, the presence or absence of hymen is not a reliable, indicator of virginity or sexual experience], , MAMMARY GLAND, , The mammary glands are paired structures (breasts) that contain, glandular tissue and variable amount of fat., , The glandular tissue of each breast is divided into 15-20 mammary, lobes ., , mammary lobes containing clusters of cells called alveoli .The cells, of alveoli secrete milk, which is stored in the cavities (lumens) of, alveoli., , The alveoli open into mammary tubules., The mammary tubules of each lobe join to form a mammary duct., , Several mammary ducts join to form a wider mammary ampulla, which is connected to lactiferous duct through which milk is sucked, out., , mammary ampulla is connected to lactiferous duct through which, milk is sucked out., , Glandular tissue Mammary lobes Alveoli, Mammary tubules § Mammary duct Mammary ampulla, Lactiferous duct, , ca Edit with WPS Office