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M. Sc. IInd Semester (Botany), Paper-VIII (Angiosperm Taxonomy), , Economic Botany, By, , Dr. Alka Kumari, Associate Professor, Department of Botany, University of Lucknow, Lucknow

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FIBRES YIELDING PLANTS, 1. Cotton ( Gossypium arboretum ), Family – Malvaceae, Uses – In textile industry, stuffing of pillows, cushions and also in rubber type fabrics., 2. Cotton (G. barbadense), Family – Malvaceae, Uses – In textile industry, stuffing of pillows, cushions and also in rubber type fabrics., 3. Coir (Cocus nucifera), Family – Palmae, Uses – In production of floor mats, doormats, brushes and mattresses., 4. Flax (Linum usitatissimum), Family – Linacae, Uses- In manufacture of linen cloth, canvas, carpets, threads, strong threads, cigarette, paper, finest writing paper etc., 5. Jute (Corchorus capsularis), Family – Tiliaceae, Uses- In making carpets, coarse material, twine, gunny bags, paper and many similar, articles., 6. Sun hemp (Crotolaria juncea), Family – Papilionaceae, Uses – In making twine, fishing nets, mattings, bags, ropes and coarse canvas., 7. Hemp (Cannabis sativa), Family – Cannabinaceae, Uses- In manufacture of ropes, twines, carpets, bags and nets etc., 8. Kenaf (Hibiscus esculentus), Family – Malvaceae, Uses – Main uses of kenaf fibre have been rope, twine, coarse cloth and paper., 9. Sisal (Agave sisalana ), Family – Asparagaceae, Uses- Used for footwear, hats, bags, carpets, geotextiles and dartboards. It is also used, as fibre reinforcements., 10. Bombax cotton (Bombax sp.), Family – Malvaceae, Uses- As textile fibre., OIL YIELDING PLANTS, EDIBLE OILS01. Groundnut (Arachis hypogea ), Family – Papilionaceae, Uses – Oil is obtained from seeds which is used in food as such or by hydrogenation, is converted to vegetable ghee. Oil is also used as a substitute for diesel. It is used in, soap manufacture, in cosmetics and leather dressing.

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02. Mustard (Brassica campestris), Family – Brassicaceae, Uses – Oil is obtained from seeds, seeds used to flavour curries., 03. Coconut (Cocus nucifera), Family – Palmae, Uses – Oil is obtained from dried meat or copra, cake is cattle feed and also a, fertilizer. The coiris used in making ropes and matting and in stuffing cushions., 04. Linseed (Linum usitatissimum ), Family – Linacae, Uses- Oil is used mainly for the manufacture of linoleum and oil cloth, printing and, lithographic ink. It has a medicinal value too. Linseed cake is used as a nutritive food., It is also used as organic manure., NON-EDIBLE OILS05. Castor (Ricinus communis), Family – Euphorbiaceae, Uses- Oil used as medicine and in many industries., 06. Pine (Pinus longifolia), Family – Gymnosperms, Uses –In air fresheners, anti –inflammatory effects., ESSENTIAL OILS07. Sandal (Santalum album), Family – Santalaceae, Uses- In cosmetics, perfumes and soaps. Oil as an antiseptic and astringent., 08. Camphor (Cinnamomum camphora), Family – Lauraceae, Uses- Oil has antibacterial, antifungal and anti-inflammatory properties, used to treat, skin conditions., 09. Clove (Syzygium aromaticum), Family – Myrtaceae, Uses-As an antimicrobial, as a pain reliever, for digestive upset, to relieve respiratory, conditions like cough., 10. Mentha (Mentha piperita), Family – Labiateae, Uses-In ailments, creams, cough medicines, food and many soft drinks., RUBBER YIELDING PLANTS, 11. Rubber (Hevea brasiliensis), Family – Euphorbiaceae, Uses- In making mountings for motors and other transport materials, translucent, materials, sports goods, paints, tyres etc., 12. Bor (Ficus elastica), Family – Moraceae

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Uses – Latex is obtained by branches of stem and bark by which rubber is made., Rubber is used in making tyres, rubber components for cars, footwear, sports goods,, gloves etc, 13. Mexican guayule (Parthenium argentatum), Family – Compositae, Uses- Low value rubber is obtained from whole plants. Rubber is used for making, floor covering, rugs, rubber backs, gloves, hot water bottles, icecaps., , SUGAR YIELDING PLANTS, 01. Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum), Family –Poaceae, Uses – In making sucrose, molasses, cardboard and paper., 02. Sugar beet (Beta vulgaris), Family – Chenopodiaceae, Uses – In making sucrose, salad., 03. Sweet sorghum (Sorghum bicolor), Family –Poaceae, Uses- Provides grain and stem that can be used for sugar, jaggery, alcohol, syrup,, fodder, fuel, fencing etc., 04. Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas), Family-Convolvulaceae, Uses- Can be used for sugar, jaggery, alcohol, syrup and fodder., 05. Stevia (Stevia rebaudina), Family-Asteraceae, Uses-Dried leaves are used as substitute of sugar for diabetic people., 06. Palmyra Palm (Borassus flabellifer), Family-Arecaceae, Uses-Used in manufacturing of jaggery (Gur), Vinegar and Sago., Besides, several fruits are source of laevulose sugar (Fructose). Carrot is also a source, of sugar and some tubers like Dahlia pinnata and Helianthus tuberous is also source, of inulin (Polysaccharides)., SPICES YIELDING PLANTS, 07. Asafoetida (Ferula asafoetida), Family – Apiaceae, Uses- Carminative, digestive, diuretic, laxative and medicinal properties., 08. Black Pepper (Piper nigrum), Family- Piperaceae, Uses- Culinary seasoning, flavouring agent, in medicines, moth killer and insect, repellent., 09. Capsicum (Capsicum annum)