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Paper VI Specialization (Optional Papers), PAPER- IV A: PLANT PATHOLOGY, SECTION A: Plant Pathology (General Principles), 1. The concept of disease in plants. Importance of plant disease., 2. Mechanism of attack by plant pathogens: Microbial enzyme, toxins and growth, regulators., 3. Variability in plant pathogens: Types of variation; mechanism of variability., 4. Effect of environmental on development of infectious disease of plants:, Epidemiology. Plant disease forecasting., 5. Transmission of plant diseases caused by viral pathogens.., 6. Methods of study of infectious diseases of plants: isolation of pathogens and tests of, pathogenicity., 7. Principles and methods of plant disease control., i., Control through regulatory methods: Plant quarantine., ii., Cultural and biological methods of control., iii., Control through physical means., iv., Chemical method for plant disease control: Fungicides, chemotherapy., v. Use of resistant varieties., SECTION B: Plant Pathology (Diseases), Study of importance, symptoms, causal organism, disease cycle and control of following, diseases of crop plants in Uttar Pradesh caused by fungi, bacteria, viruses, viroids, Phytoplasma, and nematodes., a. Fungal diseases:, i., ii., iii., iv., v., vi., , Rots diseases with special reference to fruit and stem end rot of papaya., Damping off of seedlings of crop plants., Downy mildews of cucurbits., Rust of wheat and Barley., Powdery mildew of pea., Smuts and Bunts: covered smut of Barley; loose smut of wheat and Bunt of

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rice., vii., , Wilt of sugarcane, , viii., , Leaf spots: leaf spot of turmeric; Leaf blight of wheat. Blast disease of rice and mango, anthracnose., Galls and other abnormalities: stem gall of coriander, , leaf curl of Peach, , ix., , b. Bacterial diseases: Citrus canker and Tundu disease of wheat c.Viral diseases: Mosaics of, tobacco, papaya, potatoand tungro of rice c. Phytoplasmal diseases: Grassy shoot of sugarcane, d.Nematode diseases: Ear cockle of wheat, Practicals:, i., ii., iii., iv., v., vi., vii., viii., ix., , A study of symptomatology, histopathology and identification of pathogen of various, fungal diseases mentioned in syllabus., A study of symptomatology in bacteria, viral and phytoplasmal diseases., Preparation of culture media and sterilization., Isolation of fungi and bacteria from diseased plants., Inoculation experiments with bacterial and fungal plant pathogens., Measurement of fungal spores., Transmission (mechanical and insect) experiments with plants virus., Use of fungicides and plant protection appliances., Field collection of 50 diseased plant specimens., , PAPER- IV B: ADVANCE PLANT PHYSIOLOGY, 1. Nitrogen Metabolism: nitrate assimilation, synthesis of essential amino acids, amides and, ureides. Biological nitrogen fixation and the various organisms.., 2. Secondary metabolites: structure, and biosynthesis of non-nutrients viz., alkaloids,, sterols, terpenoids, phenols, flavinoids and quinines and their biofunctional role., 3. Seed physiology: Seed development, germination dormancy, growth and its, measurement., 4. Stress Physiology: stress due to, salinity, alkalinity, temperature, radiation and the, physiology of adaptation.