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Introduction, , All bacteria are unicellular organisms that, reproduce by binary fission., , Most bacteria are capable of independent, metabolic existence and growth, but species, of Chlamydia and rickettsia are obligately, intracellular organism., , Bacterial cells are extremely small and are, most conveniently measured in microns (10°, m)., , Bacterial cells are usually between 0.4 and, 1.5 micro meter in short diameter.

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Cell Morphology, , Bacteria have characteristic shape. The common, microscopic morphologies are :, , spherical or ovoid ( cocci ), , rod —shaped ( bacilli ), , comma shaped ( vibrio ), , spiral ( spirillum and spirochete ), , Some cocci characterristically grouped in pairs or, chains; some form grapelike clusters of sperical cells;, some round cocci form cubic packets., , Bacterial cell of other species grow separately ., , The microscopic appearance is therefore valuable in, classification and diagnosis.

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(round), Bacillus, c (rod-shaped), =<, 7 cr, = ting Cc ', Streptococci, (chain), , Diplococci, (pair), , Spirochete, (spiral)