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PEDIATRIC CARDIOLOGY……, CARDIAC ANATOMY…., Q. 1.The anatomic borders of mediastinum are…, A. Anteriorly vertebra, B. Posteriorly Vertebral column and ribs, C. Laterally parietal pleura, D. B and C, Ans. D, The anatomic borders of mediastinum are…, Anteriorly… sternum and ribs, Posteriorly… Vertebral column and ribs, Laterally.. Parietal pleura, Superiorly.. Plane of first rib, Inferiorly.. Diaphragm, REFERENCE :HEART DISEASE IN INFANTS CHILDREN, AND ADOLESCENT :MOSS AND ADAMS

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Q. 2.Within the mediastinum, cardiac apex, normally is directed…, A. Leftward, B. Anteriorly, C. Inferiorly, D. All, Ans. D, Within the mediastinum, the cardiac apex is, normally directed…, Leftward, Anteriorly, Inferiorly, And this constitute levocardia., REFERENCE :HEART DISEASE IN INFANTS CHILDREN, AND ADOLESCENT :MOSS AND ADAMS

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Q. 3.Serous pericardial fluid is… in adults.., A. 20 ml, B. 30 ml, C. 25 ml, D. 40 ml, Ans. C, The pericardium both covers the heart as the, epicardium and surrounds it as the parietal, pericardium. Between the two layers, within the, pericardial sac, serous pericardial fluid(<=25ml) in, adults., It serve to lubricate the heart and allow its, relatively friction free movement within chest.., REFERENCE :HEART DISEASE IN INFANTS CHILDREN, AND ADOLESCENT :MOSS AND ADAMS

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Q. 4.Intrapericardial structures are…., A. Ascending aorta, B. Main pulmonary artery, C. Terminal 2 to 4 cm of superior vena cava, D. All, Ans. D, The parietal pericardium represents a tough, flask, shaped sac that surrounds the heart and attaches, along great vessels such that ascending aorta and, pulmonary artery are Intra pericardial. Similarly,, the terminal 2 to 4 cm of superior vena cava is, located within pericardial sac., REFERENCE :CHAPTER 1 :HEART DISEASE IN, INFANTS CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENT :MOSS AND, ADAMS

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Q. 5.The extra pericardial structures are…., A. Right pulmonary artery, B. Left pulmonary artery, C. Ductus arteriosus, D. All, , Ans. D, For patients with total anomalous pulmonary, venous connection, the confluence of pulmonary, vein is located within pericardial sac behind the, heart., Right and left pulmonary arteries and ductus, arteriosus are extrapericardial structures and, surgical procedures restricted to these vessels do, not require a pericardial incision., REFERENCE :CHAPTER 1 :HEART DISEASE IN, INFANTS CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENT :MOSS AND, ADAMS