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THORACIC SURGERY.. Part 1.., ANATOMY, The thorax is upper part of trunk., It is bounded by diaphragm inferiorly, thoracic, inlet superiorly and thoracic cage between., The thorax can be divided into right and left, hemithorax, separated by mediastinum., THORACIC CAGE, Cylindrical., Provide protection to underlying organ., Dynamic interaction of the bony and muscular, components of the chest wall allow changes in, respiratory volume., Two openings…. Superior thoracic aperture and, inferior thoracic aperture.

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BONY THORAX......, THORACIC INLET, Thoracic inlet is limited by body of first thoracic, vertebra posteriorly, the first pair of ribs and their, costal cartilage anterolaterally and superior border, of manubrium anteriorly., Inlet is kidney shaped...

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The innominate artery arises from the aortic arch, and passes posterior to manubrium and anterior to, trachea., The right and left internal jugular and subclavian, vein join behind the respective sternoclavicular, joint to form left and right brachiocephalic vein., The main muscles of this region are, sternocleidomastoid and Scalene muscle and the, main nerves are from brachial plexus., Apex of each lung is covered by pleura called, pleura cupola., Suprapleural membrane... Sibson fascia.