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Key hardware Key software Key Some, technologies technologies characteristics, , representative, systems, , , , § Vacuum tubes § Machine and | § Bulky in size § ENIAC, , (1942-1955) | § Electromagnetic assembly § Highly unreliable § EDVAC, relay memory languages § Limited commercial | § EDSAC, , § Punched cards | $Stored program | use and costly § UNIVAC |, secondary storage concept § Difficult commercial | § 1BM 701, , § Mostly — scientific production, , applications § Difficult to use, , Second § Transistors § Batch operating | § Faster, smaller, more | § Honeywell 400, (1955-1964) | § Magnetic cores | system reliable and easier to] § 1BM 7030, memory § High-level Program than previous § CDC 1604, § Magnetic tapes programming generation systems § UNIVAC LARC, § Disks for secondary languages § Commercial production, storage § Scientific and | was. still difficult and, commercial costly, applications, , , , , , , , , , , , (Continued on next slide), , , , www.LearnEngineering.in, , www.LearnEngineering.in, , Key hardware Key software Some rep., technologies technologies characteristics systems, , , , §1Cs with SSI and | § Timesharing § Faster, smaller, more | §1BM 360/370, (1964-1975) MSI technologies operating reliable, easier and §PDP-8, , § Larger magnetic system cheaper to produce §PDP-11, cores memory § Standardization | §Commercially, easier § CDC 6600, , § Larger capacity of high-leve to use, and easier to, disks and programming upgrade than, magnetic tapes languages previous generation, secondary § Unbundling of systems, storage software from § Scientific, commercial, , § Minicomputers; hardware and interactive onupward line applications, compatible family, of computers, , , , (Continued on next slide), , , , www.LearnEngineering.in, , www.LearnEngineering.in, , Generation Key hardware Key Some rep., (Period) Technologies technologies characteristics systems, , , , , , Fourth § ICs with VLSI | § Operating systems for | § Small, affor §1BM PC and, (1975-1989) | technology PCs with GUI and] reliable, and its clones, § Microprocessors: multiple windows on a| to use PCs § Apple II