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Microbes in, HumanWelfare, , Chapter-10, , basiotS, CO1CC, , *********, , ***, , 1. Microorganisms, , or Microbes, , Micrebes are organism which cannot be seen by naked eyes., Occurrence: Thee can be knd everywhere, ie, in soil, water, air and inside the bodies of living, organisinis. I hey can be fund m therm.al vens, deep n nl, under snew as wel as n scdic eTviroiment., bacteria, fungi. plant viruses, viroids and, Diversity: Microbes are of various varieties-protoroa,, , Prions., , 2. Microbes in Household Products, (i) Curd, Curd is formed by adding a small amount of curd to milk, which acts as a starter or inoculum., Lartobelhus/ lactic acid bacteria (LAB) present in starter, multiply at suitabke temperature and, convert mik nto cud., Acids releaeed by LAB during the growth, coagulates and rartially digest milk protein, casein., Benefits of LAB:, Gn, , Inereases vitamin Bj2 amount thus increasing nutrient quality of milk., , (B), , Checks disease-causing, , (i) Dough, Dough, Bread, , is, 1s, , microbes in stomach., , formed by fermentation by bacteria., , made by termentation, , by Saeharomyees crrects hle or commonly called baker's yeast, , released during the process of fermentation gives the puffy aPpearance, used to make foods like idli, dosa, bread, etc., , CO, Itis, , to dough., , (ii) Toddy, It, , It, , traditional drink of Southern India., is made by fermentation of sap from palm trees by bacteria., is a, , (iv) Cheese, is formed by partial degradation of milk by different microorganisms., cheese is formed by the bacterium Propioniha terium shuarmanii. Its characteristic feature is, formation of large holes due to production of large amount of CO, Roquefort cheese is formed by ripening with the fungi Penicillium roquforti for a particular, , Cheese, , Swiss, , Tlavour.

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3. Microbes in Industrial, , Products, , production of various compounds in industries, , Large-scale, , is, , done in very large vessels called, , fermentors, , (0) Fermented, , beverages, , Beverages are formed by fermenting malted cereals and fruit juices with Scharomys orrevisine, or brewer's yeast to praxduce ethano., Formation of different types of alcoholic drinks depends on raw material and type of processing., Wine and beer are produced without distillaticn., Whisky, brandy and rum are lormed by distillation., , (1), , Antibiotics, are chemical substances produced by some microorganisms which can kill or retard, , Antibiotics, , the growth ot other disease-causing, , Tenicillin,, , microorganisms., , discovered by Alexander Fleming was the first antibiotic to be discovered., , Discovery of penicillin: While working on Staphylocoaeus bacteria, Fleming observed the growth, of mould around, , which the bacteria did not grow, It was found to be a chemical, penicilin,, , produced by Peni ilinum notatum., The unction of penicillin as an antibiotic was established by Ermest Chain and Iloward Florey.It, was used to treat American soldiers wounded in World War I. Fleming, Chain and Florey were, awarded Nobel prize in 1915 for their discovery., Diseases cured by antibiotics include plague, whooping cough (hali khant-i), diphtheria (gal ghotu), and leprosy (kusht rog), , Table, , acids and alcohol produced by microbial metabolic actions, Microbe, Type of microbe, Organie acid, , 10.1: Organic, , S. Na., ), , Ciric ac, , Asperglus, , Acetic acid (Vinegar), , Aretobater av, , Fung, Bactera, , ButyricAcid, , Clostridium butylicum, , Bacteria, , Lactic acid, , Lactobacilus sps., , Bacteria, , Ethanol, , Saxvharomyrs cerevisie, , Yeast (tung), , Higer, , Table 10.2: Some important enzymes commercially produced, , Enzyme, , S. No., Lpase, , Uses, , ) Ued in detergent formulations,, (b) Flelps in removing, oidy stains from Laundry., , ana protcase, Used or claritying bottled, juices, Streptokinase (produced by Streptorwcus Used as 'elot-buster for removing clots from, and modified by gernetic enginenng), blood vessels of patiens who have undergone, , etinase, (i), , (v), , Invertase produced by yeast, , myocardial infarction., To invert sugar for, , ice, , creams, , and, , Conlectianeries., , 366 Xam idea Biofogy-X, , S., , No., , Table10.3: Some important bioactive molecules, organism, Molecule, Source, Use, , (, , Cyclosporin A, , Trhlerma polysporumUsed as, tungus), , (ii), , Statin, , Muscus purpureus, (fungus), , immunosuppressive agent in organ, , transplantpatients, , Used, , It, , as blood-cholesterol lowering agent., competitively inhibits enzymes for cholesterol, synthesis.