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Based on properties, , Elements, , Metals, , Metalloid, , Non metals
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PHYSICAL PROPERTIES, (Metals), 1., , Metals are generally hard. The hardness varies from metal to metal., , 2., , metals can be beaten into thin sheets. This property is called malleability, , 3., , The ability of metals to be drawn into thin wires is called ductility, , 4., , metals are good conductors of heat and have high melting points. The best, conductors of heat are silver and copper. Lead and mercury are comparatively, poor conductors of heat, , 5., , Metals are good conductors of electricity, , 6., , The metals that produce a sound on striking a hard surface are said to be, sonorous
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Metals, in their pure state, have a shining, surface. This property is called metallic, luster
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metals can be beaten into thin sheets. This, property is called malleability
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The ability of metals to be drawn into thin, wires is called ductility
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metals are good conductors of heat and have, high melting points. The best conductors of, heat are silver and copper. Lead and mercury, are comparatively poor conductors of heat
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Metals are good conductors of electricity
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The metals that produce a sound on striking a, hard surface are said to be sonorous
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Hard, , , , Except Na and K, , , , Solid at room temperature, , , Except Hg
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Non metals, , , The non-metals are either solids or gases except bromine which is a liquid, , Opposite, , of metal
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Exceptions, 1., , All metals except mercury exist as solids at room temperature., , 2., , gallium and caesium have very low melting points., , 3., , Iodine is a non-metal but it is lustrous., , 4., , Carbon is a non-metal that can exist in different forms. Each form is, called an allotrope., , 5., , Diamond, an allotrope of carbon, is the hardest natural substance, known and has a very high melting and boiling point., , 6., , Graphite, another allotrope of carbon, is a conductor of electricity, , 7., , Alkali metals (lithium, sodium, potassium) are so soft that they can be, cut with a knife. They have low densities and low melting points, , 8., , Bromine - it is the only nonmetal to exist in liquid form at room, temperature
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chemical properties, , , Metals, , , What happens when Metals are burnt in Air?, , , , What happens when Metals react with Water?, , , , What happens when Metals react with Acids?, , , , How do Metals react with Solutions of other Metal Salts?
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variation in Reactivity, all metals do not react with oxygen at the same rate, , , potassium and sodium react so vigorously that they catch fire if kept in the, open. Hence, to protect them and to prevent accidental fires, they are kept, immersed in kerosene oil, , , , At ordinary temperature, the surfaces of metals such as magnesium,, aluminium, zinc, lead, etc.are covered with a thin layer of oxide. The, protective oxide layer prevents the metal from further oxidation., , , , Iron react with oxygen at higher temperature to give a mixture of, Fe0.feo2(iron II)., , , , Copper does not burn, but the hot metal is coated with a black coloured layer, of copper(II) oxide , cupric oxide, , , , Silver and gold do not react with oxygen even at high temperatures.
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What happens when Metals react with, Water?, , • Metals react with water and produce a metal oxide and hydrogen, gas., • Metal oxides that are soluble in water dissolve in it to further form, metal hydroxide., • all metals do not react with water
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Metal + Water → Metal oxide + Hydrogen, Metal oxide + Water → Metal hydroxide, 1., , Metals like potassium and sodium react violently with cold water. In case of, sodium and potassium, the reaction is so violent and exothermic that the, evolved hydrogen immediately catches fire., , , , , 2., , 2K(s) + 2H2O(l) → 2KOH(aq) + H2 (g) + heat energy, , 2Na(s) + 2H2O(l) → 2NaOH(aq) + H2 (g) + heat energy, , calcium with water is less violent. The heat evolved is not sufficient for the, hydrogen to catch fire. Calcium starts floating because the bubbles of, hydrogen gas formed stick to the surface of the metal, , , Ca(s) + 2H2O(l) → Ca(OH)2 (aq) + H2 (g), , 3., , Magnesium does not react with cold water. It reacts with hot water to form, magnesium hydroxide and hydrogen. It also starts floating due to the bubbles, of hydrogen gas sticking to its surface., , 4., , aluminium, iron and zinc do not react either with cold or hot water. But they, react with steam to form the metal oxide and hydrogen., 1., 2., , 5., , 2Al(s) + 3H2O(g) → Al2O3 (s) + 3H2 (g), 3Fe(s) + 4H2O(g) → Fe3O4 (s) + 4H2 (g), , lead, copper, silver and gold do not react with water at all
