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Class-X, Foundation Course, ▪ Writing Section, ▪ Grammar Section, ▪ Reading Section
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Day wise list of topics, Writing Section, Day1-, , Formal letter, , Day 2-, , Informal letter, , Day 3-, , Message writing, , Day 4-, , email writing, , Day5-, , Guided composition, , Day 6-, , Notice writing, , Grammar Section, Day 7-, , Preposition, , Day 8-, , Tenses, , Day 9-, , Modals, , Day 10-, , Determiners, , Day11-, , Articles, , Day 12-, , Conjunctions, , Reading section, Day 13-, , Seen passage (from textbook), , Day 14-, , Unseen Passages, , Day 15-, , Unseen Passages
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Writing Section, Letter Writing, A letter is a written message that can be handwritten or printed on paper. It is usually sent to, the recipient via mail or post in an envelope, although this is not a requirement as such. Any, such message that is transferred via post is a letter, a written conversation between two parties., , Types of letters, Formal Letters- This type of letters are official letters like letter to Editor, Principal,, Collector, Police Inspector, Post Master etc., , Informal Letters – This type of letters are written to family members and friends., Format of Formal Letters
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Que.- Write an application to your Principal to issue you a School Leaving, Certificate., To,, The Principal,, Govt. H. S. School,, Bhopal (M.P.)., Subject- Application for SLC., Respected Sir,, Most humbly I state that I am a student of std. X A of your school. My father has been, transferred from Bhopal to Chhindwara. So I cannot continue my studies here., Hence kindly issue me school leaving certificate., Thanking you,, Yours obediently, Mohit Gupta, Class X A, July .., 20….., , Que.- Write an application to your Principal requesting him to grant you, five days leave on account of your illness., To,, The Principal,, Govt. H. S. School,, Chhindwara (M.P.), Subject- Application for leave., Respected sir., Most humbly I state that I have been suffering from typhoid fever since yesterday. My doctor, has advised me to take 5 days complete bed rest. Hence kindly grant me five days leave ( i.e, from 11 September to 15 Sep.), Thanking you, Yours obediently, Rahul Rai, Class X C, September 10, 2021.
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Informal Letter Format, , Que.-Write a letter to your friend congratulating him on his grand success, in High School Examination ., 17, Ekta Colony,, Bhopal., August 10, 20…., Dear Manu,, I am quite well here and hope the same for you. Today I came to know about your grand success, in High School Examination through newspaper. I heartily congratulate you on this success. I, wish for your bright future., Please convey my regards to your parents and love to Pappu., Yours lovingly, Raju.
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Que.- Write a letter to your father requesting him to send you some money, to buy books and pay examination fees., Sunrise H. S. School,, Guna (M.P.)., August 10, 20…., Dear Papa,, I’m quite well here and hope the same for you .I have scored 90%marks in half yearly exams., Now I am studying hard for annual examinations. I need some more books for that .Papa please, .send me 500/- Rs extra to buy books., Kindly, convey my regards to maa and love to Raju., Yours lovingly., Ravi., , Message Writing, A message is a short piece of information given in a written format. When a person cannot, speak to another person directly he/she leaves a hand-written note or forward a text message, through mobile or any communicating source. Sometimes the message is also sent orally by, voice messages., The formal message writing will require the below-given format., , MESSAGE, Date, , Time, , Dear........ (Receiver’s Name), Body Text:, •, , Who called, , •, , The message they wanted to convey, , •, , Any additional information, , Your Name
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Que.2- Karan had the conversation given below with his mother’s friend, Sheela. Since, he was going out immediately afterwards, he left a message for his mother. Read the, conversation and write out the message in not more than 40 words. Put the message in a, box., Sheela : Hello, this is Sheela speaking. Could I please speak to Usha?, Karan : She is not at home, aunty., Sheela : When is she likely to come back?, Karan : Not before six in the evening. Could I give her a message?, Sheela : Yes, please. Could you tell her that I have been able to make the appointment with, the editor of the magazine, The Child’s Universe. We have to meet her at 10 A.M. tomorrow., Since Usha doesn’t know the place I will come and pick her up at 9-30. She should bring the, manuscripts she wants to show Mrs. Shekhar that is the editor’s name., , Answer:, MESSAGE, Date:12 march 20XX, Time: 4:30pm, Mummy,, Sheela Aunty had called to inform that an appointment for 10am tomorrow, has been, fixed with Mrs. Shekhar, Editor of ‘The Child’s Universe’. She will pick you up at 9.30, tomorrow. Don’t forget the manuscripts you want to show to the editor., Karan
Page 9 : E - mail Writing, The format is given here Email writing involves composing, sending, storing and receiving, messages over an electronic communication system. An email stands for an electronic, mail. Email writing is preferred over other forms of communication as it is cheaper and, faster., To: Recipient’s Mail id, Cc: Other concerned person’s with visible email ids, Bcc: Other concerned person’s with invisible email ids, Date:, Subject: Reason for writing the mail, Greeting/Salutation: Display your respect (Such as Sir, Respected Sir), Main Body: Content of the email, ● Introduction, ● Discuss the matter in detail, ● Conclusion, Closing line: Thank you for the consideration, Attachments: Attach reference files, Signature line: Name and contact details, , Que.-Last week you were caught in a sudden shower of rain. Write an email, to your friend describing the experience., From:
[email protected], To:
[email protected], Date: Friday 12 March 20xx 16:14, Subject: Hi, Dear Vandy, Many thanks for the lovely T-shirt you sent me. I must tell you about yesterday’s experience – got caught, in a sudden shower of rain. I was on my way to the market when suddenly the sky darkened and the heavens, opened and we were caught in the heavy downpour. I don’t think I’d had it up even one minute, when the, rain stopped and not another drop came down that day! What an experience!!, With love,, Tahzeeb
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Guided Composition, Story Completion, Complete the story by filling the missing words in the blanks., , The Thirsty Crow, It was a...... day. A crow was very ...... . His mouth was dry. He flew from place to, place in....... But there was not a ............anywhere., At last he saw a pitcher of water near a house. He went near it and looked into it., There was little water at the ..................... . The crow could see the water but could not reach, it., Suddenly, he thought of an idea. He .......... one by one from the ground and ............., into the pitcher. The water........... . Soon the crow could reach it easily. He ...................... . He, cawed happily and flew away., , The Thirsty Crow, It was a hot day. A crow was very thirsty. His mouth was dry. He flew from, place to place in search of water. But there was not a drop of water anywhere., At last he saw a pitcher of water near a house. He went near it and looked into it., There was little water at the bottom of the pitcher. The crow could see the water but could not, reach it., Suddenly, he thought of an idea. He picked up stones one by one from the ground and, dropped them into the pitcher. The water started coming up. Soon the crow could reach it, easily. He drank the water. He cawed happily and flew away.
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Notice Writing, A notice is a written or printed announcement (Example - a notice for sale). It is written in, order to inform a large number of people about something that has happened or is about to, happen. ... It is generally written in a formal tone. Notices are factual and to-the-point., , Name of the organisation/ institute or office, NOTICE, Date:, Topic/ Heading/ Subject, ............................................................................................., .................................................................................................., ......................................................................................................, Signature, Name, Designation, , Que.- Participation in English Debate . Madam Seema Mittal, Vice-Principal has invited, names of the students who want to take part in the English debate competition to be held, in Govt. Inter College, Indore. The last date for submitting the names has been fixed as, January, 24th. In this connection, she has put up a Notice on the school Notice-board., Write her Notice in the space given below in about 40-50 words. Try to make the Notice, such as to catch everyone’s attention., Answer:, Govt. Inter College, Indore., NOTICE, Participation in English Debate, , 1st January, 20………, Applications are invited from the students who want to participate in the English debate competition to, be held in Government Inter College, Indore. They should send their applications to the undersigned, by 24th of this month so that proper selection can be made. They should write their names and details, of proficiency, if any, they have attained., Seema Mittal, Signature, Vice-Principal
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Lost and Found, Qu.-You are Ankit Gautam. You have found a school bag in the, playground of your school. Prepare a lost and found Notice., Answer:, NOTICE, Lost and Found, 21 Oct. 20…………….., A blue and red coloured school bag has been found in the playground. It contains a pink, tiffin and a red water bottle. It may be claimed from the staff room after proving the, identity., Ankit Gautam, Senior Maths Teacher, , GRAMMAR SECTION, Preposition, A preposition is a word or group of words used before a noun, pronoun, or noun phrase to, show direction, time, place, location, spatial relationships, or to introduce an object. Some, examples of prepositions are words like -in, at, on, of, and to., Que.- Fill in the blanks using the correct Preposition given in the bracket., 1.I went ……..the market.(in ,to ,at), 2.He lives ………..a small town .(on, in, at), 3.I met him…….the afternoon.(on, in, at), 4.He took something ………the drawer.(in, from, at), 5.He put the books……….the table.(in, on ,at), 6He fell…………the ladder and broke his leg.(to ,from, into ), 7.Let us hope…….the best.(for ,on ,at), 8.There is someone……….. .the door.(in, at, on), 9.There is a mistake …………….the third line.(in, on, with), 10.I was born…………… .Kerela . (in, at, on), 11.Sarita is the best girl………..the class. (in , at , on), 12.Indians celebrate Independence Day…………. 15th August, (at ,on ,in), 13.This table is made ………..wood., (in, of, out), 14.I live………..the sea., (near, upon, at), 15.There is something ………..the curtains.(behind, in), Solutions- 1.to 2.in 3. In 4. From, 12.on 13. of 14.near 15. behind, , 5.on, , 6.from 7.for, , 8.at, , 9.in, , 10.in, , 11 .in
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Tenses, Change the sentences into the Tenses required :, 1. The child broke the leg ., (Present Perfect), 2. Pankaj flies kites ., (Simple Past), 3. He has sold his house ., (Future Perfect ), 4. He is building a new house in Sagar ., (Present Indefinite), 5. Neha was reading a book on English., (present Perfect), 6. Why did you not bring your copy ?, (Past Perfect), 7. Did Raman obey the rules ?, (Present Perfect), 8. Monkey did not break the branch., (Past Continuous), 9. His brother studied science., (Future Continuous), 10.Mother had been cooking rice., (Present Perfect), 11.The beggar was begging money., (Past Perfect Continuous), 12. My friends go to school., ( Present continuous), Solutions:1.The child has broken the leg., 2. Pankaj flew kites ., 3.He will have sold his house., 4.He builds a new house in Sagar., 5.Neha has read a book on English., 6. Why had you not brought your copy?, 7. Has Raman obeyed the rules ?, 8. Monkey was not breaking the branch ., 9. His brother will be studying science., 10. Mother has cooked rice., 11. The beggar had been begging money since morning ., 12. My friends are going to school ., Modals, A modal verb is a type of verb that is used to indicate modality – that is: likelihood, ability,, permission, request, capacity, suggestions, order, obligation, or advice. ... In English,, the modal verbs commonly used are can, could, must, should, had better, have to and, sometimes need or dare., Fill in the blanks selecting the right Modals:1. Candidates ……not bring text books into the examination room .(might, will, may, can), 2………I know the place where you are going ?, ( Can, May, Might , Must ), 3.My brother is very strong .He ………..lift 80 kg of weight ., (may, can, ought to ), 4.When we were children we……..…get up at five every morning ., (can, could, should), 5. You………not come with us if you don’t want to .(need, dare), 6. You ………..drive carefully. (may, must, can), 7. ………..I take your pen?(Can, May), 8. She ……………not have done it . (can, may), 9. If I bought a lottery ticket, I……….. win rupees one lac.
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(will, must, may, might), 10 You should buy a car now; prices …………..go up after the budget., (will, must, may, shall), 11. He…………read English well when he was only five years old ., (could, might, would), Solutions:- 1.can 2. May 3. Can, might 10.may 11.could, , 4.could, , 5.need, , 6.must, , 7. may, , 8.may, , 9., , Determiners, A determiner is a word placed in front of a noun to specify quantity (e.g., "one dog," "many, dogs") or to clarify what the noun refers to (e.g., "my dog," "that dog," "the dog")., All determiners can be classified as one of the following: An Article (a/an, the) A, Demonstrative (this, that, these, those), Que.-Fill in the blanks selecting the correct option, 1. __________ of the two sisters is married., a. Both, b. Every, c. Each, d. Any, 2. _________ of you should attend the conference., a. Both, b. Each, c. Every, d. Many, Q3. We should inform __________ of them., a. many, b. every, c. few, d. all, 1., They have spent __________ for their son’s wedding., a. many, b. enough, c. all, d. the little, Q5. __________ of the candidates pass this exam., a. Enough, b. Fewer, c. Either, d. Most, Q6. __________ of the deadlines is met?, a. Neither, b. No, c. None, d. Much, Q7. Can I borrow __________ sugar?, a. much, b. some, c. a little, d. a few, Q8. With this, you have lost __________ chance that you had., a. a little, b. little, c. the little, d. slight, Q9. __________ participants left the meeting in between., a. Several, b. Much, c. The few, d. Little, Q10. It seems that they would need _________ workers for the construction., a. little, b. either, c. more, d. some, Q11. _________ man that we saw turned out to be a thief., a. A, b. The, c. That, d. This, Q12. Can ___________ help me?, a. many, b. nobody, c. everybody d. somebody, Solutions: 1.c, 2.a, 3.d, 4.b, 5.d, 6.a, 7.b, 8.c, , 9.a, , 10.c, , 11.b, , 12.d
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Article, Basically, an article is an adjective. Like adjectives, articles modify nouns. English has, two articles: 'the' and 'a/an'. 'The' is used to refer to specific or particular nouns; 'a/an' is used, to modify non-specific or non-particular nouns. We call the definite article and a/an the, indefinite article., , Que.-Fill in the blanks choosing the correct option from the given Article:1. ………sun rises in ………..east ., , (a, an, the ), , 2. I met ………..European yesterday ., , ( a, an , the ), , 3. …………Geeta is ………holy book ., , ( a, an , the ), , 4. I have …dog. …….dog is black in colour ., , ( a , an , the ), , 5. Ravi secured ……first rank in his class ., , ( a , an , the ), , 6.Surekha is ……….tallest girl of our class., , ( a, an , the ), , 7.She is ………most beautiful girl I have ever seen ., , (a , an , the ), , 8.….. Shakespeare was born in ………16th century ., , (zero article, a, the , an ), , 9. I saw ………one eyed man ., , ( a , an , the ), , 10. He is ……..honest man., , ( a, an , the ), , Solutions:- 1.The , the 2. a, 8. zero article, the, , 9. a, , 3. The , a, , 4. a, The, , 5.the, , 6. the, , 7.the, , 10. an, , Conjunction, Conjunctions are words used to connect words, phrases, or clauses. There are three types of, conjunctions:, ●, , Coordinating Conjunctions. Coordinating conjunctions join like with like., For example, they join a noun with another noun or an adjective with another, adjective. The most common ones are "and," "but," and "or." There are seven, in total: "for," "and," "nor," "but," "or," "yet," and "so.", ● Subordinating Conjunctions. Subordinating conjunctions join subordinate, clauses to main clauses. Common examples are "although," "because," "if,", "since," "unless," "until," and "while.", ● Correlative Conjunctions. Correlative conjunctions are used in pairs to join, alternatives or equal elements. The most common pairs are "either/or,", "neither/nor," and "not only/but also."
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Que.- Join the pairs of sentences using conjunction given in, 1. Maria loves ice-cream., Maria loves pizza., 2. Tuesday is not good for party., Wednesday is not not good for party., 3. She scored good marks ., She is not satisfied., 4. Do you like mango?, Do you like apple ?, 5. She dances well ., She hesitates to take part in the competition., 6. He is unwell., He will not come to the movie., , bracket., , (both-and), (neither…..nor), (but), (or), (yet), (So), , Solutions:1. Maria loves both ice cream and pizza., 2. Neither Tuesday nor Wednesday is good for party., 3. She scored good marks but she is not satisfied., 4. Do you like mango or apple?, 5. She dances well yet she hesitates to take part in the competition., 6. He is unwell so he will not come with us to the movie., , Reading Section, Read the passage given-below and answer the questions that follow., The only woman in the world who has scaled Mt Everest twice was born in a society where, the birth of a son was regarded as a blessing and a daughter, though not considered a curse ,, was not generally welcome . When her mother was expecting Santosh , a travelling ‘holy, man ’ ,giving her his blessing, assumed that she wanted a son .But , to everyone’s surprise,, the unborn child’s grandmother , who was standing close by , told him that they did not want, a son . The ‘holy man’ was also surprised ! Nevertheless , he gave the requested, blessing……and as destiny would have it, the blessing seemed to work. Santosh was born the, sixth child in a family with five sons, a sister to five brothers .She was born in the small, village of Joniyawas of Rewari District in Haryana., , Questions:1., 2., 3., 4., , Where was Santosh born?, Why was the ‘ holy man ’ surprised ?, What was Santosh’s achievement ?, Find out the opposite of ‘ blessing’ from the passage.
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5. Write the verb form of ‘ consideration’., Answers:1. Santosh was born in the small village of Joniyawas of Rewari District in Haryana ., 2. The ‘ holy man’ was surprised to know that Santosh’s grandmother wanted a girl, child ., 3. Santosh scaled Mt Everest twice, it was her achievement., 4. Opposite of ‘ blessing’ is ‘Curse’., 5. ‘Consider’ is the verb form of ‘ consideration’., , Passage 2, Read the passage given-below and answer the questions that follow., I was born into a middle-class Tamil family in the island town of Rameswaram in the erstwhile, Madras State. My father, Jainulabdeen, had neither much formal education nor much wealth;, despite these disadvantages, he possessed great innate wisdom and a true generosity of spirit., He had an ideal helpmate in my mother, Ashiamma. I do not recall the exact number of people, she fed every day, but I am quite certain that far more outsiders ate with us than all the members, of our own family put, together., I was one of many children — a short boy with rather undistinguished looks, born to, tall and handsome parents. We lived in our ancestral house, which was built in the middle of, the nineteenth century., , Questions:1.What is the name of the child’s father ?, 2.Describe the physique of the child?, 3. Where was he born?, 4.Write the adjective form of ‘wisdom’., 5.Write the antonym of ‘tall’ from the passage ., , Answers:1.The child’s father’s name is Jainulabdeen., 2. The child was a short boy with rather undistinguished looks., 3.He was born in the island town of Rameswaram in the erstwhile Madras State., 4.The adjective form of ‘wisdom’ is ‘wise’ ., 5. The antonym of ‘tall’ is ‘short’ ., , Passage-3, Read the passage given-below and answer the questions that follow., In 1900, at the age of 21, Albert Einstein was a university graduate and unemployed. He worked, as a teaching assistant, gave private lessons and finally secured a job in 1902 as a technical, expert in the patent office in Bern. While he was supposed to be assessing other people’s, inventions, Einstein was actually developing his own ideas in secret. He is said to have jokingly, called his desk drawer at work the “bureau of theoretical physics.”
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Questions:1.What did Albert Einstein do in 1900 ?, 2.Where did Albert Einstein work in 1902?, 3.What did he call his desk drawer at work ?, 4.What was he supposed to do as a technical expert ?, 5.What is the noun form of ‘assessing’?, , Answers:1., 2., 3., 4., 5., , Albert Einstein was a graduate and unemployed in 1900.He did not do any job then., In 1902 Albert Einstein worked as a technical expert in the patent office in Bern., He called his desk drawer at work the “bureau of theoretical physics.”, He was supposed to be assessing other people’s inventions as a technical expert., Noun form of ‘assessing’ is assessment., , Passage -4, Read the passage given-below and answer the questions that follow:Two years ago we were passing through the sugarcane fields near Mysore. People were, driving away the wild pigs from the fields by shooting at them. Some were shot and some, escaped. We thought that everything was over when suddenly a black sloth bear came out, panting in the hot sun. Now I will not shoot a sloth bear wantonly but, unfortunately for, the poor beast, one of my companions did not feel that way about it, and promptly shot, the bear on the spot. As we watched the fallen animal we were surprised to see that the, black fur on its back moved and left the prostrate body. Then we saw it was a baby bear, that had been riding on its mother’s back when the sudden shot had killed her. The little, creature ran around its prostrate parent making a pitiful noise., , Questions:1.How were people driving away the wild pigs from their fields?, 2. What happened suddenly when they thought that everything was over ?, 3.Why were they surprised as they watched the fallen animal ?, 4. What did the little creature do around its dead mother?, 5.Write the adjective form of ‘unfortunately’., , Answers:1. People were driving away the wild pigs from the fields by shooting at them., 2. Suddenly a black sloth bear came out panting in the hot sun when they thought that, everything was over ., 3. They were surprised to see that the black fur on the fallen animal’s back moved and left, the prostrate body as they watched it., 4. The little creature ran around its prostrate parent making a pitiful noise., 5. The adjective form of ‘unfortunately’ is unfortunate.
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Passage – 5, Read the passage given-below and answer the questions that follow:I get a cheap room in the centre of town and sleep for hours. The next morning, with Mr, Shah’s son and nephew, I visit the two temples in Kathmandu that are most sacred to Hindus, and Buddhists. At Pashupatinath (outside which a sign proclaims ‘Entrance for the Hindus, only’) there is an atmosphere of ‘febrile confusion’. Priests, hawkers, devotees, tourists,, cows, monkeys, pigeons and dogs roam through the grounds. We offer a few flowers. There, are so many worshippers that some people trying to get the priest’s attention are elbowed, aside by others pushing their way to the front. A princess of the Nepalese royal house, appears; everyone bows and makes way., , Questions:1.Where did the author get a room ?, 2.Who did the author go with the next morning ?, 3. Which temples did the author visit the next morning ?, 4.Who all could be seen roaming through the ground ?, 5.Who do the people bow and make way for ?, , Answers:1. The author got a cheap room in the centre of town., 2.The author went next morning, with Mr Shah’s son and nephew., 3. The author visited the two temples in Kathmandu that are most sacred to Hindus and, Buddhists., 4. Priests, hawkers, devotees, tourists, cows, monkeys, pigeons and dogs could be seen, roaming, through the grounds ., 5. Everyone bows and makes way for a princess of the Nepalese royal house., , Unseen Passage, Passage 1, Read the passage given-below and answer the questions that follow., The culture of nuclear families is in fashion. Parents are often heard complaining about the, difficulties in bringing up children these days. Too much of freedom in demand, too much, independence; over night parties; excessive extravagance, splurging pocket money; no time for, studies and family all this is a common cry of such families. Aren’t parents, themselves,, responsible for this pitiful state? The basic need of a growing youth is the family, love, attention, and bonding along with moral values. One should not forget that ‘charity begins at home’., Independence and individuality both need to be respected, in order to maintain the sanctity of, family. Children today are to be handled with tact in order to bridge the ever widening, generation gap. Only the reasonable demands need to be fulfilled, as there are too many, expenses to be met and top many social obligations to be taken care of by the parents. Our, forefathers lived happily in joint families. Children loved to live with their cousins, learnt to, adjust within means. There was perfect harmony between the generations. There never existed, the concept of old-age homes. There was deep respect for the family elders and love, care and, concern for the youngsters. Even the minor family differences were solved amicably.
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Questions:, 1. Mention any two major common concerns of a nuclear family., 2. Who, according to the passage, are responsible for them?, 3. Explain the expression ‘charity begins at home’?, 4. Describe the atmosphere in joint families., 5. Which word in the passage means ‘Holiness of life’?, 6. What needs to be respected, in order to maintain the sanctity of family?, 7. Should all the demands of the children be fulfilled?, 8. What is the basic need of a growing youth?, , Answers:, 1., 2., 3., 4., 5., 6., 7., 8., , Too much independence and no time for studies and family., Parents themselves are responsible., The parent should not forget that it is in giving that one receives., In joint families, children get a friendly atmosphere and they also learn to adjust within, means., Sanctity, Independence and individuality both need to be respected, in order to maintain the, sanctity of family., No, only reasonable demands should be fulfil, The basic need of a growing youth is the family, love, attention and bonding along with, moral values., , Passage 2, Read the passage given-below and answer the questions that follow., This is a great lesson for all of us to learn, that in all matters the two extremes are alike. The, extreme positive and the extreme negative are always similar. When the vibrations of light are, too slow we do not see them, nor do we see them when they are too rapid. So with sound; when, very low in pitch we do not hear it, when very high we do not hear it either. Of like nature is, the difference between resistance and non-resistance. One man does not resist because he is, weak, lazy and cannot; because he will not; the other man knows that he can strike an, irresistible blow if he likes; yet he not only does not strike, but blesses his enemies. The one, who from weakness resists not commits a sin, and as such cannot receive any benefit from the, non-resistance, while the other would commit a sin by offering resistance., , —Swami Vivekananda, Answer the following questions by selecting the most appropriate option, from the ones given below:, Q1: “… in all matters two extremes are alike”, means:, (a) Powerful men always gain success, (b) All human beings are of same characters, (c) Boys and girls are equally talented, (d) The extreme positive and the extreme negative are alike
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Q2: When the sound is in low pitch:, (a) we fail to hear it, (c) it pleases us, , (b) we can hear it easily, (d) we feel dizzy, , Q3: Too rapid vibrations of light:, (a) can be easily seen (b) cannot be seen, (c) should be enjoyed (d) both (b) and (c) are correct, , Q4: One who resists is different from a man who does not resist, because of, his:, (a) nature (b) weakness (c) strength (d) laziness, , Q5: The word ‘irresistible’ mean:, (a) tied so closely that it cannot be separated, (b) so strong that it cannot be stopped, (c) that cannot be changed back, (d) so valuable that it cannot be replaced, , Answers:, 1. (d) The extreme positive and the extreme negative are alike, 2. (a) we fail to hear it, 3. (b) cannot be seen, 4. (c) strength, 5. (b) so strong that it cannot be stopped., , Passage 3, Read the passage given-below and answer the questions that follow., Man’s journey of life from childhood to old age is very charming and colourful. Youth is the, most exciting period of man’s life when it is time to grow and dream. A young man is full of, hope, energy and zeal. Nothing is difficult or impossible or dangerous for him. The old people, say that youth is not daring but thoughtless. A young man bums the candle at both ends. He, commits mistakes and learns only after burning his finger. Sometimes the young men misuse, their freedom and thus invite difficulties by their foolish actions. They are full of strength,, energy and enthusiasm. They become rebels and are no longer afraid of facing the forces of, realities. A young man accepts the challenge of evil difficulties and hardships, to win or lose, the game of life is the mission of his career. He loves to lead an adventurous life and has a keen, desire to build up a new world of his dream. But the period of youth does not last long. Soon it, is followed by old age when he regrets his past mistakes and failures. The weak old man feels, helpless, depressed and disappointed. He becomes unfit for any adventure. But some fortunate, old people never grow old and continue to feel young and active and make the most of even, the last years of their lives. It will not be wrong to say that youth brings honour and old age, commands respect., , Questions:, (a) Man’s journey is :, (i) Charming and colourful (ii) exciting (iii) dangerous, (b) What is the opinion of the old people about the young men?, (c) What is the mission of a young man’s career?
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(d) Why does the old man feel helpless and disappointed?, (e) Find the antonym of ‘clever’ from the passage., , Answers:, (a) (i) charming and colourful., (b) The old people say that youth is not daring but thoughtless., (c) To win or lose the game of life is the mission of his, career., (d) He feels helpless and disappointed because he becomes unfit for any adventure., (e) Foolish., , Passage 4, Read the passage given-below and answer the questions that follow., Reading has a variety of meanings. To some people it means little more than the ability to, pronounce aloud the printed word; to others it means it an ability to gain merely a general, impression of what they read. Even students daily engaged in the study of books develop a, superficial ability to read rapidly, and with apparent understanding, what they it subsequently, prove to have understood imperfectly. Ability to read properly, to understand not only the, general sense of a given passage but its particular implications, to appreciate so to speak, the, light and shade of the passage, the precise meaning of the parts as well as of the whole, what it, hints at as well as what it states, to distinguish between what is clearly proved and established, and what is merely suggested or put forward as a supposition is still a comparatively rare, quality., , Questions:, (a) has a variety of meanings., (i) Reading (ii) Studying (iii) Understanding., (b) What does it mean to other people?, (c) How do students develop?, (d) What is a comparatively rare quality?, (e) precise’ means, (i) exact (ii) short (iii) incorrect., , Answers:, (a) (i) Reading., (b) Others think that it is an ability to gain merely a general impression of what they read., (c) They develop a superficial ability to read quickly and with apparent understanding, what, they subsequently prove to have understood imperfectly., (d) To distinguish between what is clearly proved and established and what is merely, suggested or put forward as a supposition is still a comparatively rare quality., (e) (i) exact., , Passage 5, Read the passage given-below and answer the questions that follow., Discipline means obedience to the established rules of conduct. Certain rules have been laid in, every society to control and regulate the life and activities of its members so that the society as, a whole may progress in harmony and peace. If any of these rules is broken, there is trouble, and society suffers. In fact, discipline is the very basis of progress in every sphere, public or, private. A man without discipline is like an engine without a brake. A society that has no rules, or whose members do not conform to its rules soon falls into pieces. In game too, discipline is, necessary. Every player has to obey his captain and carry out his commands whether he likes
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them or not. In army, discipline is more necessary. An army without discipline is no better than, a lawless mob. In the same way a school or a college cannot run if the boys do not observe the, rules and regulations of the institution. Teaching is impossible if the boys do not keep, discipline. Discipline cultivates a spirit of respect for elders and superiors, teaches gentlemanly, behavior in society and meek submission to any punishment that may be inflicted due to, indiscipline. It is the duty of every student to observe them if they want to build their character, and prosper in life., , Questions:, (a) When rules are broken ……….. suffers :, (i) life (ii) society (iii) man, (b) Why have certain rules of conduct been laid down by the society?, (c) What is a man without discipline?, (d) What does discipline cultivate among the students?, (e) The synonym of’ crowd’ is:, (i) society (ii) mob (iii) members., , Answers:, (a) (ii) society., (b) Certain rules of conduct have been laid down in every society to control and regulate the, life and activities of its members so that society as a whole may progress in harmony and, peace., (c) A man without discipline is an engine without a brake., (d) Discipline cultivates a spirit of respect for elders and superiors, teaches gentlemanly, behavior in society and meek submission to any punishment that may be inflicted due to, indiscipline., (e) (ii) mob.
