Page 2 :
UNIT - 2 RURAL, , DEVELOPMENTS, L, 1. The true development of India is the development, of its villages” . This was told by. : (Mahatma, Gandhiji), , 2. After the 73rd Amendment to the Constitution,, levels of panchayat institutions have come into existence. (a, three- tier), 3. Panchayat institutions operate under, principles. (Decentralization), , 4. The have been brought into existence in order, to bring together poor rural women and make them financially, independent. (Women Self-Help Groups), , Il. Answer the following questions in one sentence each:, , 1. What is the Meaning of Rural Development?, ¢ Rural development means a process of economic and, social upliftment of rural areas., , 2. What is Decentralization?, ¢ Providing administrative power and the responsibility of, developing the village to people themselves is called, decentralization., , 3. Mention three important Housing programmes., e Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana, ¢ Ambedkar-Valmiki Housing Programme, e Ashraya Yojana, , 4. Name the three levels of panchayat raj institutions., ¢ district, taluk and village panchayats, , Ill. Answer the following questions in five to six, sentences each:, 1. How is the economic situation in the rural areas of India?, ¢ Poverty has increased among the rural people who depend, mainly on agriculture., ¢ Though 60% of the people work in the primary sector, the, contribution from this sector to the national income is
Page 3 :
very less., ¢ The gap between urban and rural areas is widening., , 2. Explain briefly the significance of rural development., , ¢ Since rural development includes agricultural and nonagricultural development it contributes not only to rural, but also to the overall development of the country., , ¢ Increased farm incomes will create greater demand for, industrial products and services, thereby generating, additional employment and leading to an expansion of, those sectors also., , ¢ With increased literacy and skill levels higher productivity, could be achieved., , ¢ Better health also results in higher work participation by, the people and increased output., , « Agro-processing, small scale and cottage industries will, develop leading to gradual transformation of the villages., With this, migration to cities will be reduced., , « All these contribute toward reduction of poverty., , 3. Explain Gandhiji" s concept of .grama swarajya” in the, light dfidecentralization., , ¢ Providing administrative power and the responsibility of, developing the village to people themselves is called, decentralization., , « It is a process through which power sharing occurs and, people participate in decision making., , « Itis also a process that aims at planning and development, from below. This process was called as ,Grama Swarajya", by Mahatma Gandhi., , ¢ Decentralization reduces various kinds of exploitation,, upholds human independence and dignity, , 4. What is the role of panchayat raj institutions in rural, development?, « Panchayat raj institutions play key role in enabling the, rural people to participate in rural development., ¢ They are responsible for implementing various schemes, related to poverty alleviation and livelihood security,, besides providing public amenities., ¢ They provide the rural community with basic facilities of
Page 4 :
roads, drains, drinking water, street lights, toilets, school, and hospital buildings, market-yards etc., , Through encouragement of primary and middle school, education, adult education, technical and vocational, training, and expansion of health and hygiene facilities,, panchayats have also attempted to develop human, resources., , The generation of employment and alleviation of poverty, can be implemented effectively through panchayat, institutions., , The public distribution system in villages is strengthened, and poor people are provided with the essential food, grains.
