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Maharana Pratap ruled over Mewar only for 25 years. However, he, accomplished so much grandeur during his reign that his glory surpassed the, boundaries of countries and time turning him into an immortal personality. He, along with his kingdom became a synonym for valour, sacrifice and patriotism., Mewar had been a leading Rajput kingdom even before Maharana Pratap, occupied the throne. Kings of Mewar, with the cooperation of their nobles and, subjects, had established such traditions in the kingdom, as augmented their, magnificence despite the hurdles of having a smaller area under their command, and less population. There did come a few thorny occasions when the flag of the, kingdom seemed sliding down. Their flag once again heaved high in the sky, thanks to the gallantry and brilliance of the people of Mewar., 2. The destiny of Mewar was good in the sense that barring a few kings, most of, Jhe rulers were competent and patriotic. This glorious tradition of the kingdom, almost continued for 1500 years since its establishment, right from the reign of, Bappa Rawal. In fact only 60 years before Maharana Pratap, Rana Sanga drove, the kingdom to the pinnacle of fame. His reputation went beyond Rajasthan and, reached Delhi. Two generations before him, Rana Kumbha had given a new, stature to the kingdom through victories and developmental work. During his, reign, literature and art also progressed extraordinarily. Rana himself was, inclined towards writing and his works are read with reverence even today. The, ambience of his kingdom was conducive to the creation of high quality work of, art and literature. These accomplishments were the outcome of a longstanding, tradition sustained by several generations., 3. The life of the people of Mewar must have been peaceful and prosperous, during the long span of time; otherwise such extraordinary accomplishment in, these fields would not have been possible. This is reflected in their art and, literature as well as their loving nature. They compensate for lack of admirable, physique by their firm but pleasant nature. The ambience of Mewar remains, lovely thanks to the cheerful and liberal character of its people., 4. One may observe astonishing pieces of workmanship not only in the forts and, palaces of Mewar but also in public utility buildings. Ruins of many structures, which are still standing tall in their grandeur are testimony to the fact that, Mewar was not only the land of the brave but also a seat of art and culture., Amidst aggression and bloodshed, literature and art flourished and creative, pursuits of literature and artists did not suffer. Imagine, how glorious the period, must have been when the Vijaya Stambha which is the sample of our great, ancient architecture even today, was constructed. In the same fort, Kirti

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Stambha is standing high, reflecting how liberal the then administration was, which allowed people from other communities and kingdoms to come and carry, out construction work. It is useless to indulge in the debate whether the Vijaya, Stambha was constructed first or the Kirti Stambha. The fact is that both the, capitals are standing side by side and reveal the proximity between the king and, the subjects of Mewar., 5. The cycle of time does not remain the same. Whereas the reign of Rana Sanga, was crucial in raising the kingdom to the acme of glory, it also proved to be his, nemesis. History took a turn. The fortune of Mewar — the land of the brave —, started waning. Rana tried to save the day with his acumen which was running, against the stream and the glorious traditions for sometime., 1.1 On the basis of your understanding of the above passage answer each of, the questions with the help of options that follow., (a) Maharana Pratap became immortal because …………………………. ., (i) he ruled Mewar for 25 years, (ii) he added a lot of grandeur to Mewar, (iii) of his valour, sacrifice and patriotism, (iv) both (ii) and (iii), Answer:, (iv) both (ii) and (iii), (b) (i) Difficulties in the way of Mewar were …………………………. ., (ii) lack of cooperation of the nobility, (iii) its small area and small population, Answer:, (iii) its small area and small population, (c) During thorny occasions …………………………. ., (i) the flag of Mewar seemed to be lowered, (iii) the people of Mewar showed gallantry, Answer:, (i) the flag of Mewar seemed to be lowered, (d) Mewar was lucky because …………………………. ., (i) all of its rulers were competent, (ii) most of its people were competent, (iii) most of its rulers were competent, (iv) only a few of its people were incompetent

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Answer:, (iii) most of its rulers were competent, (e) Rana Sanga’s reputation went …………………………. ., (i) beyond Rajasthan to Delhi, (ii) beyond Rajasthan to the Southern states, (iii) down with each passing day, (iv) beyond Rajasthan to Gujarat, Answer:, (i) beyond Rajasthan to Delhi, 1.2 Answer the following., (a) The kings of Mewar had enlarged their magnificence despite having a, comparatively small …………………………. and less people., (b) The Kirti Stambh is an example of a liberal administration that permitted, other …………………………. to take on its construction., (c) Mewar was a leading Rajput kingdom prior to Rana Pratap’s reign., (True/False), (d) Liberal people in Mewar practiced art and literature. (True/False), (e) Stambh and the …………………………. are capitals standing side by side in, Mewar., Answer:, (a) kingdom, (b) communities, (c) True, (d) False, (e) Kirti Stambh, 1.3 Find words from the passage which mean the same as:, (a) surprising (para 4), (b) of great importance (para 5), Answer:, (a) astonishing, (b) crucial, Unseen Passage for Class 12 Pdf – 2, Read the passage given below., 1. How often do we remember to treat others as you would like them to treat, you? In our quest to get more and more, we forget that the quality of our lives

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depends on the kind of personalities we have cultivated for ourselves. Genes, might play a role when it comes to one’s disposition, but the major portion of, our attitudes and behaviour is influenced by the choices we make. So in the, beginning of every year should you resolve to make more money, learn a new, language, travel more frequently then you must discontinue to be the same, grumpy, impatient soul you always were, should you then not seek to refine, your character, focus on nuances like how you treat people, react to challenges, and deal with stressful situations? For most people such a course would yield, rich results., 2. According to Mary Thomas, usually our New Year resolutions remain, unachieved because we try to achieve the impossible or, sometimes, just add, more goals that we wish to accomplish to the list of resolutions, but, strangely,, we do not remember much about them during the course of the year as we do, not seem to value them enough to complete them. The better.option would be, to address something fundamental to you, to who you really are, and go ahead, with completing them instead of making any drastic resolutions which you will, never be able to fulfil. You could resolve to be a better person by having a, positive attitude towards people you come across in life. This could involve, being nice with the lady who cleans the house, or your colleague who sits near, you, but you never interacted with. Another trick is to acknowledge people for, the value they add . to your personal or professional life. By extending basic, courtesies to people around you, you add value to your life and that pays off in, the long run., 3. Sometimes, we know that there is room for improvement as far as our, personalities are concerned but we have little or no idea where to make the, start. An easy starting point could be to look for opportunities in one’s, immediate surroundings. One positive starting point could be taking a positive, attitude towards life and dispelling all negative thoughts. You could make a, positive beginning by being a better person at work. This means treating, everyone with respect. You should not only interact politely, but also value each, person’s ideas however far removed they may be, to your own. After all, your, friend’s ideas are an integral part of the organisation to which both of you, belong. Inculcating this habit of making an effort to talk to people you would, normally not have to interact with on a daily basis, would make you a better, person at the workplace., 4. Also, you do not have to do something extraordinary to prove your good, intentions. Just greeting or smiling at your colleagues first thing in the morning

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could always brighten someone’s day. These are simple things that we are, taught while growing but tend to forget as we move through life. So essentially,, being better is an exercise in learning to be nice, and you will see that playing, nice will get your work done better than scolding or frowning or passing orders., 5. A purposeful life should contain skills that lead to practical changes. After all,, no people are alike, so why should your ideas be the only right solution? A, company, where individual differences are nurtured, information is not, suppressed, soon becomes a workplace that adds value to its employees, rather, than merely extracting work out of them. It makes workers feel intrinsically, rewarded. It is, therefore, imperative that co-workers and partners share a, camaraderie that transcends mere professional conduct and delivery. Thus, for, a person who wishes to remain happy and content, it is as valuable to spend, time on nurturing qualities like friendship and consideration as it is on acquiring, skills and knowledge., 2.1 On the basis of your understanding of the al?6ve passage, complete the, statements given below with the help of options that follow., (a) The quality of our lives depends on …………………………. ., (i) the personalities we have cultivated for ourselves, (ii) the number of New Year resolutions we make, (iii) the challenges that people give us, (iv) None of the above, Answer:, (i) the personalities we have cultivated for ourselves, (b) Our New Year resolutions remain unfulfilled, according to Mary Thomas,, because we …………………………. ., (i) make too many resolutions, (ii) add more goals than what we can accomplish, (iii) get caught up with our studies, (iv) feel happy about them, Answer:, (ii) add more goals than what we can accomplish, (c) To add value to your life you …………………………. ., (i) must earn more money, (ii) become more hardworking, (iii) should be nice to the people in your immediate surroundings

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(iv) only (ii) and (iii), Answer:, (iii) should be nice to the people in your immediate surroundings, (d) Workers feel intrinsically rewarded if …………………………. ., (i) they are given bonuses, (ii) their work is given recognition, (iii) their individual differences are acknowledged, (iv) none of the above, Answer:, (iii) their individual differences are acknowledged, (e) Playing worse will …………………………. ., (i) label you as a flatterer, (ii) not help you at all, (iii) make people see through you, (iv) get your work done better, Answer:, (ii) not help you at all, 2.2 Answer the following., (a) To improve our personalities, an easy starting point is to look for, …………………………. in our surroundings., (b) Our …………………………. might play a part in shaping our dispositions, but our, behaviour and attitudes are influenced by our choices., (c) A workplace adds values to it employees when …………………………. differences, are nurtured., (d) By extending basic courtesies to people around us we add value to our lives., (True/False), (e) A company where information is not suppressed, becomes a value-added, workplace. (True/False), Answer:, (a) opportunities, (b) genes, (c) individual, (d) True, (e) True, 2.3 Find words from the passage which mean the same as:

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(a) basic (para 2), (b) to prevent something from being expressed (para 5), Answer:, (a) fundamental, (b) suppress, Unseen Passage for Class 12 Pdf – 3, Read the passage given below., 1. Murdstone and Grinby’s warehouse was at the waterside. It was down in, Blackfriars. Modern improvements have altered the place; but it was the last, house at the bottom of a narrow street, curving downhill to the river, with some, stairs at the end, where people took boat. It was a crazy old house with a wharf, of its own, abutting on the water when the tide was in, and on the mud when, the tide was out, and literally over-run with rats. Its panelled rooms, discoloured, with the dirt and smoke of a hundred years, I dare say; its decaying floors and, staircase; the squeaking and scuffling of the old grey rats down in the cellars;, and the dirt and rottenness of the place; are things, not of many years ago, in, my mind, but of the present instant. They are all before me, just as they were in, the evil hour when I went among them for the first time, with my trembling, hand in Mr. Quinion’s., 2. Murdstone and Grinby’s trade was among a good many kinds of people, but, an important branch of it was the supply of wines and spirits to certain packet, ships. I forget now where they chiefly -went, but I think there were some among, them that made voyages both to the East and West Indies. I know that a great, many empty bottles were one of the consequences of this traffic, and that, certain men and boys were employed to examine them against the light, and, reject those that were flawed, and to rinse and wash them. When the empty, bottles ran short, there were labels to be pasted on full ones, or corks to be, fitted to them, or seals to be put upon the corks, or finished bottles to be, packed in casks. All this work was my work, and of the boys employed upon it. I, was one., 3. There were three or four of us, counting me. My working place was, established in a corner of the warehouse, where Mr. Quinion could see me,, when he chose to stand up on the bottom rail of his stool in the counting-house,, and look at me through a window above the desk. Hither, on the first morning, of my so auspiciously beginning life on my own account, the oldest of the, regular boys was summoned to show me my business. His name was Mick

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Walker, and he wore a ragged apron and a paper cap. He informed me that his, father was a bargeman, and walked, in a black velvet head-dress, in the Lord, Mayor’s Show. He also informed me that our principal associate would be, another boy whom he introduced by the—to me—extraordinary name of Mealy, Potatoes. I discovered, however, that this youth had not been christened by, that name, but that it had been bestowed upon him in the warehouse, on, account of his complexion, which was pale or mealy. Mealy’s father was a, waterman, who had the additional distinction of being a fireman, and was, engaged as such at one of the large theatres; where some young relation of, Mealy’s—I think his little sister—did Imps in the Pantomimes., 4. No words can express the secret agony of my soul as I sunk into this, companionship; compared these henceforth every day associates with those of, my happier childhood—not to say with Steerforth, Traddles, and the rest of, those boys; and felt my hopes of growing up to be a learned and distinguished, man, crushed in my bosom. The deep remembrance of the sense I had, of being, utterly without hope now; of the shame I felt immy position; of the misery it, was to my young heart to believe that day by day what I had learned, and, thought, and delighted in, and raised my fancy and my emulation up by, would, pass away from me, little by little, never to be brought back any more; cannot, be written., 3.1 On the basis of your understanding of the above passage, complete the, statements given below with the help of options that follow., (a) The warehouse of Murdstone and Grinsby was located …………………………. ., (i) at the waterside down in Blackfriars, (ii) in an old building near the prison, (iii) on decaying floors and squeaky stairs, (iv) downhill to the river, Answer:, (i) at the waterside down in Blackfriars, (b) The writer’s workplace was established …………………………. ., (i) in the front office, (ii) in the back office, (iii) in a comer of the warehouse, (iv) in the middle of the warehouse, Answer:, (iii) in a corner of the warehouse

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(c) Mr Quinion could look at the narrator …………………………. ., (i) from above his desk, (ii) through the comer of his eyes, (iii) by standing on a stool, (iv) through a window above his desk, Answer:, (iv) through a window above his desk, (d) The boy appointed to show the narrator his business was …………………………. ., (i) Grinby, (ii) Murdstone, (iii) Mealy, (iv) Mick Walker, Answer:, (iv) Mick Walker, (e) The youth was christened by that name because …………………………. ., (i) he wanted it that way, (ii) it was his parents’ choice, (iii) he had a pale complexion, (iv) it was his childhood name, Answer:, (iii) he had a pale complexion, 3.2 Answer the following., (a) The warehouse of Murdstone and Grinby’s was located in an empanelled, room. (Thie/False), (b) The author’s companion Mick Walker at work was dressed in a black velvet, head-dress. ( True/False), (c) Steerforth, Traddles and others were the author’s companions of his happier, childhood days. (True/False), (d) The packet ships carrying the wares of Murdstone and Grinby’s made, voyages to both the East and ………………………….. ., (e) Mr Quinion could watch the author at work when he stood on the bottom, rail of his …………………………. in the counting house., Answer:, (a) False, (b) False, (c) True

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(d) West Indies, (e) stool, 3.3 Find words from the passage which mean the same as:, (a) a theatrical entertainment involving music, jokes, etc., (b) having a lot of knowledge (para 4), Answer:, (a) pantomime, (b) learned, Unseen Passage for Class 12 Pdf – 4, Read the passage given below., 1. The newest stress buster is paper yoga. Adults are now changing over from, their smartphones . to colouring books to beat anxiety and relax. They spend, hours hunched over the drawing of mandalas filling in their words into the, circle, with colours. These adult colouring books are classified in the adult, category and are becoming fast selling items as people reach out to them to, relax their minds. And it is not just mandala drawings that are in vogue. Others, settle for elaborate landscapes, cultural tableaux, brimming with images of, dancers, singers and concerts. Involutes of various shapes also make up this list., 2. Just as the demand has kept growing, there are also authors who are much in, demand for their relaxing creations. Leading in this field is Johanna Basford,, who has sold 1.4 million copies of her books ‘Secret Garden’, ‘Enchanted Forest’, and ‘Lost Ocean’, in a matter of just two years. More bookstores have now, started stocking such books as customers are asking for them. Publishers now, contend that it is not just celebrity authors in this category but any book with, the tag-line de-stress’ has a readymade market for it., 3. Another reason for the success of these books is that they are multilingual in, the way that they speak to adults of all age groups, cultures and dispositions., Even nursery teachers are fast becoming customers of these books not because, they are overworked but because of the fun that even five-year olds are having, with these colouring books., 4. The new trend has been dubbed ‘Paper Yoga’. While the junior versions of, these books hold simple generously proportioned patterns, that allow for a, child’s broad strokes, the adult variants typically have tight kaleidoscopes that, require a fine pen and a staunch eye. As they do not require special skills to

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execute, publishers are marketing it with the tag-line that their target customer, is anyone who can draw satisfaction from something beautiful. The skills of, drawing and colouring or conceptualization, essentials for the art of drawing,, are not in this list of requirements. Thus the phobia of being an expert or, amateur is not a deterrent., 5. So far, publishers have had to import their stock as there are not sufficient, titles available. But illustrators are fast catching up with this trend and some, have even ventured into self-publishing in this line. Others are innovating still, more meaningful inputs into this work by asking customers to bring their own, experiences to the book., 6. Individual stories of success are making an appearance too. Illustrator Indu, Harikumar started her self-published colouring book, ‘Beauty Needs Space’, on, social media. She priced a copy of 12 artworks at ?1500 each and sold 155 of, the 200 she had printed. ‘People have written to say that they connected with, the book as they worked on it.’, 7. While adults are discovering their inner selves through this creative pursuit,, art-based therapeutics warn against expecting too much from these books for, saving lives or minds. At best, they calm the mind and are a temporary, diversion, for the mind and cut off the noise of clamouring thoughts. These, books they claim can offer therapeutic returns only when used in conjunction, with a therapist’s counsel. As yet the entire process is undergoing a testing time, but whatever little of it has emerged, is being hailed as a step in the positive, direction., 4.1 On the basis of your understanding of the above passage, complete the, statements given below with the help of options that follow., (a) Adults spend hours over their mandalas …………………………. ., (i) colouring them, (ii) filling in the words into them, (iii) filling in messages into them, (iv) writing their life history in them, Answer:, (ii) filling in the words into them, (b) Johanna Basford named her colouring books …………………………. ., (i) Basford Gardens, Secret Garden, (ii) Paper Yoga, Beauty Needs Space

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(iii) Enchanted Forest, Paper Boats, (iv) Secret Garden, Enchanted Forest, Lost Ocean, Answer:, (iv) Secret Garden, Enchanted Forest, Lost Ocean, (c) Indu Harikumar started her colouring book …………………………. ., (i) on the social media, (ii) in public spaces, (iii) in school classrooms, (iv) in international meets, Answer:, (i) on the social media, (d) Colouring books can serve best if combined with …………………………. ., (i) a temporary diversion of the mind, (ii) working on social media, (iii) a therapist’s counsel, (iv) without a therapist’s advice, Answer:, (iii) a therapist’s counsel, (e) People wrote to Harikumar saying that they …………………………. ., (i) could not connect with her books, (ii) found the price of the books steep, (iii) connected with the books as they worked on it, (iv) lost their interest while going through the books, Answer:, (iii) connected with the book as they workfed on it, 4.2 Answer the following., (a) The title of Indu Harikumar’s self-published colouring book is ‘Beauty Needs, Space’. (True/False), (b) The colouring books are called ‘multi-lingual’ because they are writen in, different languages. (True/False), (c) Adults who use colouring books for therapy need therapeutic counselling, too. (True/False), (d) Adult colouring books are becoming fast selling items on account of their, ability to …………………………. the mind., (e) The leading author of adult colouring books is …………………………. ., Answer:

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(a) True, (b) False, (c) True, (d) relax, (e) Johanna Basford, 4.3 Find words from the passage which mean the same as:, (a) vast and detailed (para 1) an extreme fear of something (para 4), Answer:, (a) elaborate, (b) phobia, Unseen Passage for Class 12 Pdf – 5, Read the passage given below., 1. The first Indian woman physician Anandibai Joshi, graduated in 1886. Starting, from that single figure, about 125 years later, Indian women have started to, outnumber men in admissions to medical colleges and the trend continues to, grow stronger by the year, particularly over the last five years. During this, period, India has produced 4500 more female doctors than male ones., 2. In India women constituted 51% of the students joining medical colleges,, cornering 23,522 seats in 2014-15, compared to 22,934 men. This increase is in, keeping with the worldwide trend. In fact, in the neighbouring countries such as, Pakistan and Bangladesh there are much higher portions of women in medical, colleges, with figures standing at 70% and 60% respectively., 3. Paradoxically, there is a serious shortage of female doctors in India., According,to the medical journal Lancet, only 17% of all allopathic doctors and, 6% of those in rural areas are women. This is less than one female allopathic, doctor per 10,000 population in rural areas, whereas the ratio is 6.5 in urban, areas., 4. According to a paper on women in medicine published in the journal ‘Indian, Anthropologist’ by sociologist Dr Mita Bhadra, the gender gap persists at the, postgraduation and doctoral levels. The percentage of women doctors here is, around one-third of male doctors. She also observed that positions of, leadership in academics and administration are still mostly occupied by men., 5. In Pakistan, though 70% of medical students are women, only 23% of, registered doctors were females because a large number of those who

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graduated never took to practising. The picture is no different in Bangladesh, where 3164 female doctors graduated as compared to 2383 male doctors, in, 2013. The trend of more women joining the medical profession is welcomed in, all these countries as female doctors are seen as committed and caring. This, difference in numbers in the profession vis-a-vis women graduating has led to, several studies being carried out. A paper on women in medicine published by, Dr Rakesh Chaddha and Dr Mamta Sood of the psychiatry department of AIIMS, noted that medicine has been a male-dominated profession because it demands, long working hours that are disadvantageous to women who, even today,, struggle to juggle career and family responsibilities., 6. Earlier, though women were largely restricted to fields such as obstetrics,, gynaecology and paediatrics, this is changing now. There has always been a, preponderance of women in pre-clinical subjects like anatomy, physiology and, biochemistry and paraclinical subjects like pharmacology, pathology and, microbiology, right from the ‘70s. However, when a department is headed by a, woman, the percentage of women in the faculty goes up. In departments, headed by women, the women faculty was 49% as compared to just 19% in, those headed by men, says Dr Chaddha, giving the example of the neurology, department at the AIIMS, which saw a lot of women faculty joining when the, HOD was a woman. ‘It is probably because the head of the department, becomes a role model and more women are encouraged to join,’ said Dr., Chaddha., 7. There are skews within the medical profession in most parts of the world with, some medical specialties, such as surgery and other disciplines requiring, emergency duty with irregular hours being male-dominated. Even in the United, Kingdom, though women account for 56% of those opting for medical, education, 49% are public health and only 8% are surgeons, according to a Royal, College of Physicians expert., 8. Among the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, countries (OECD), across ten of them, predominantly from the erstwhile Eastern, Bloc, the proportion of female physicians is more than 50%, ranging from a high, 73.8% in Estonia to 50.2% in Spain. In two non- OECD countries, Latvia and, Lithuania, females accounted for over 74% and 70% of physicians. In contrast,, only one in five doctors in Japan and Korea were women. In the United States it, is one in three, confirming the fact that the disproportion among women and, men doctors is a universal phenomenon.

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5.1 On the basis of your understanding of the above passage, complete the, statements given below with the help of options that follow., (a) In 125 years, the female doctors have outnumbered male doctors by, …………………………. in India., (i) 4000, (ii) 4300, (iii) 4500, (iv) 2383, Answer:, (iii) 4500, (b) The number of women joining the medical profession in Pakistan and, Bangladesh …………………………. ., (i) is much lower than the figures in India, (ii) equals women doctors in India, (iii) is growing faster than the doctors in India, (iv) is. higher than the figures in India, Answer:, (iv) is higher than the figures in India, (c) There are less women in medicine because …………………………. ., (i) it is a tough line, (ii) it demands long working hours, (iii) women do not enjoy this field, (iv) women are discouraged by their peers in this segment, Answer:, (ii) it demands long working hours, (d) Females accounted for over …………………………. of the physicians in Lithuania., (i) 70%, (ii) 74%, (iii) 50%, (iv) one in three women, Answer:, (i) 70%, (e) The positions of leadership in academics and administration are still, occupied by …………………………. ., (i) women

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(ii) men, (iii) Both men and women, (iv) doctors, Answer:, (ii) men, 5.2 Answer the following., (a) At the post-graduate level, the percentage of female doctors is one-third of, male doctors. (True/False), (b) Studying is disadvantageous to women as they struggle to juggle career with, family responsibilities. (True/False), (c) Pharmacology, pathology and microbiology are termed …………………………., subjects in medicine., (d) The Indian woman physician who graduated in 1886 was …………………………. ., (e) The …………………………. is the medical journal that reported a serious shortage, of female doctors in India., Answer:, (a) True, (b) False, (c) paraclinical, (d) Dr Anandibai Joshi, (e) Lancet, 5.3 Find words from the passage which mean the opposite of the following., (a) abundance (para 3), (b) discouraged (para 6), Answer:, (a) shortage, (b) encouraged, Unseen Passage for Class 12 Pdf – 6, Read the passage given below., 1. It was 200 years ago that a French doctor when examining a female patient, rolled up sheets – of paper and placed them to her heart instead of pitting his, ear to her chest. This single act gave birth to that universal marker of medical, practice, the stethoscope. Over two centuries this device has travelled wide,, and is now seen in S&M shops, toy stores, medical exam rooms. Unfortunately, on its two hundredth birthday, instead of celebration there’s talk of dispatching

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the stethoscope to the morgue. Last week, Jagat Narula, a cardiologist,, provocatively claimed: ‘The stethoscope is dead.’, 2. In 2014, India-born 15-year-old Suman Mulumudi invented the Steth 10 in, Seattle. He is one among several who have come up with alternatives to the, regular stethoscope. His invention essentially records heart and lung sounds and, converts them into a spectrogram which can be annotated in an iPhone that, amplifies and stores for future reference. The device is in the market. Besides, this, there are other choices in the market. Others have cited a portable, ultrasound machine as a possible successor. An FDA approved digital, stethoscope that records the sounds of a patient’s heart and transmits them, into an app is also around. The chip stored in the cloud can be transferred for a, second opinion anywhere in the world. Some stethoscope apps play doctor and, deliver snap diagnosis by applying algorithms to match the patient’s recordings, with a re¬programmed index of common sounds detected for listening to, internal sounds of the body., 3. The gains, experts say, are greater diagnostic accuracy, real-time results and, streamlined treatment that saves the patient time and money by eliminating, superfluous tests and medication. But not all Indian doctors are convinced, about it. Dr Vinita Arora maintains that technology is what you tell technology., Good history taking and listening to a patient can never be substituted. If the, machine misses even one sign the diagnosis could be incorrect. According to Dr., CT Deshmukh, ninety per cent of doctors can’t do without a stetho, but some, others point out stethos stand-ins will not penetrate the Indian market until, new digital devices are introduced to students right at medical school., According to Dr Neelesh Bhandari, when you go to techno conferences you, realize that stethoscopes are going out because apps and mobile devices are, more accurate and tell you more.’ For manufacturers of steel stethoscopes their, devices are a bargain at X 500 to X 2000. Even though electronic stethoscopes, have been available for several years you will seldom come across them in use., 4. The economics of operating the next gen stethoscope may prove a hurdle in, India. Logistically the steep imbalance between doctor-patient ratio – 6 doctors, to every 10,000 people could suppose that quicker, more efficient tools with, tele-medicine capabilities would have sped up diagnosis. But then again 80% of, the population is treated in rural India where steady electricity is a luxury., 5. This is why other doctors feel that it is not yet time for the stethoscope to exit, although they believe that will undoubtedly come. For the present the

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convention is suggestive of the doctor’s authority because when a patient sees, an individual with a stethoscope they feel reassured that they are in capable, hands and feel on the way to recovery. Moreover, if you take away the symbol, you take away the placebo effect of the doctor., 6. Finally it is worthwhile to remember that a conventional stetho may not relay, messages but it lias always had a procgssor- between the ear tips., 6.1 On the basis of your understanding of the above passage, complete the, statements given below with the help of options that follow:, (a) The French doctor examining a woman patient …………………………. ., (i) rolled up his sleeve, (ii) rolled up sheets of paper, (iii) placed a paper to his ear, (tv) invented the stethoscope, Answer:, (ii) rolled up sheets of paper, (b) The stethoscope can now be seen in …………………………. ., (i) medical operating rooms, toy shops, (ii) toy shops and sports goods, (iii) medical examination rooms and toy shops, (iv) book stores and hospitals, Answer:, (iii) medical examination rooms and toy shops, (c) The stethoscope has been in use for …………………………. ., (i) a century, (ii) 200 years, (iii) since 2014, (iv) before the computer age, Answer:, (ii) 200 years, (d) The digital stethoscope records the patient’s heartbeat and, …………………………. ., (i) stores it in its memory, (ii) transmits it to the Iphone, (iii) warns the doctor, (iv) stores it in an app

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Answer:, (iv) stores it in an app, (e) In rural India, steady electricity is still considered to be a …………………………. ., (i) need, (ii) luxury, (iii) history, (iv) demand, Answer:, (ii) luxury, 6.2 Answer the following., (a) In 2014, Suman Mulumundi invented the Steth 10, in Seattle. (True/False), (b) At medical conferences stethoscopes are becoming outdated because apps, and mobile devices are more …………………………. ., (c) The sentence, “The stethoscope is dead”, was given by …………………………. ., (d) The type of stethoscope that records the sounds of a patient’s heart and, transmits it into an app is …………………………. ., (e) A patient feels …………………………. when he sees a doctor with a stethoscope., Answer:, (a) True, (b) accurate, (c) Jagat Narula, (d) digital, (e) reassured, 6.3 Find words from the passage which mean the opposite of the following:, (a) external (para 2), (b) inefficient (para 3), Answer:, (a) internal, (b) streamlined, Unseen Passage for Class 12 Pdf – 7, Read the passage given below., 1. Once, Lakshman Singh Potai, Santosh Kumar Usendi and Butia Ram Kurram, may have hunted in the forests of Chhattisgarh in their free time. Now they, have social media accounts, know some English, and Potai at least is the proud, owner of a selfie-stick. The first kids from Abujmarh- Gondi for “unknown

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highlands” — to take admission in Delhi University, will graduate from Hindu, College this year with honours degrees in physics., 2. Their move to Delhi in the summer of 2013 was momentous. The, Chhattisgarh Chief Minister had organised a farewell; the governor had written, a letter of introduction saying, “They are remarkable in the sense that they, come from Abujmarh area of Bastar, which remained impenetrable to the, administration till recently and is Naxal affected.” In 2014, a fourth teen, Nihal, Nag from Matenar in Dantewada, joined DU. Three of them hope to be civil, servants; Kurram wants to appear for CAT., 3. They owe much of their English skills to their friends. “Our Manipuri friends, don’t speak Hindi at all,” explains Potai. He knows Chandni Chowk thanks to a, group project in first year; they’ve watched movies in Connaught Place theatres;, sampled the fare at different college canteens and had. Manipuri fish at a, friend’s place near North Campus. When he goes home, Potai and Santosh buy, sweets from a shop in Dwarka’s sector 11 and clothes from Karol Bagh. But the, long commute between hostel and college—they stay at Utkarsh, Chhattisgarh, government’s Tribal Youth Hostel in Dwarka—leaves little time for other things, they’re good at, football and music. “They’re also doing well in class. They’re the, youngest here but have set an example for the others who are preparing for, civil service exams,” says Dinesh Jha, assistant commissioner with his office at, Utkarsh. Potai has an average score of 80% over five semesters; Usendi has 56%, and Kurram—currently at home recovering from fever—has about 70%. “This, experience has given us confidence,” says Potai. He’d encouraged Nag to pick, DU physics over engineering in Hyderabad., 4. Nag is a second-year physics student at Deen Dayal Upadhyaya College. His, mother, Kamala Vinay Nag, the district panchayat president, is a bit of a, phenomenon back home. “She was abandoned by her father in Tikanpal., Villagers raised her and funded her education. She’s studied till Class XII,” says, Nag. His father passed away in 2013 and a younger brother has cancer. Their, treatment so debilitated the family’s resources that when Nag came to DU they, “didn’t have enough to eat.” On his 2014 winter break, he’d encouraged his, mother to contest elections and walked with her to the collector’s office to fife, nominations. On his next visit, in winter 2015, he scuttled a child marriage., 5. Their homes are changing too. Buses now reach more villages—Usendi’s is 75, kilometres from Narayanpur, the district headquarters, but now has a road, going to it—there are more CRPF personnel but electricity is still a problem. Nag

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says Dantewada is very different from its image. “It’s developing and we have, everything. I posted photos of Chitrakoot and Tirathgarh waterfalls on Facebook, and got many likes., 6. Abujmarh was inaccessible even to government surveyors for a long time. Till, 2009, the Maoist stronghold was a no-go zone for “outsiders” and the, government itself relied on NGOs to deliver basic services. Naturally, there’s still, much ground to be covered. “People either don’t know about government, schemes or how to sign up,” says Potai., 7. Jha is convinced the boys will speed things up. Potai is already preparing to, write the state public service exams and has an inch-thick folder of notes to, show for it. “I want to be in a position to do something for my people.”, 7.1 On the basis of your understanding of the above passage, complete the, statements given below with the help of options that follow:, (a) Potai, Usendi and Kurram hail from …………………………. ., (i) Manipur, (ii) Forests, (iii) Ajubmarh-Gondi, (iv) Outskirts of Delhi, Answer:, (iii) Ajubmarh—Gondi, (b) When they moved to Delhi …………………………. ., (i) the Chief Minister organized a farewell, (ii) the village headman organized a reception, (iii) their families were reluctant, (iv) their friends came with them, Answer:, (i) the Chief Minister organized a farewell, (c) When Potai goes home he takes …………………………. ., (i) his Manipuri friend with him, (ii) the manager of the hostel, (iii) sweets from a shop in Dwarka, (iv) sweets from a shop in Connaught Place, Answer:, (iii) sweets from a shop in Dwarka

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(d) Usendi’s home is …………………………. ., (i) in Dwarka, (ii) 75 km from Narayanpur, (iii) inDantewada, (iv) in Maoist stronghold, Answer:, (ii) 75 km from Narayanpur, (e) The fourth teen, Nihal Nag, hails from …………………………. ., (i) Gondi, (ii) Dantewada, (iii) Bastar, (iv) Manipur, Answer:, (ii) Dantewada, 7.2 Answer the following., (a) The first kids from Abujmarh-Gondi joined Delhi University in 2013., (True/False), (b) The Chhattisgarh Tribal Youth Hostel, located in Dwarka in Delhi, is called, …………………………. ., (c) Whose home is 75 km from Narayanpur?, (d) What rank does Nag’s mother hold in the district panchayat?, (e) Who said, “I want to be in a position to do something for my people”?, Answer:, (a) True, (b) Utkarsh, (c) Usendi’s, (d) president, (e) Potai, 7. 3 Find words from the passage which mean the same as:, (a) historic (para 2), (b) difficult to reach (para 6), Answer:, (a) momentous, (b) inaccessible, Unseen Passage for Class 12 Pdf – 8, Read the poem given below.

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The Cloud-Backed Heron Will Not Move:, He stares into the stream., He stands unfaltering while the gulls, And oyster-catchers scream., He does not hear, he cannot see, The great white horses of the sea,, But fixes eyes on stillness, Below their flying team., How long will he remain, how long, Have the gray woods been green?, The sky and the reflected sky, Their glass he has not seen,, But silent as a speck of sand, Interpreting the sea and land,, His fall pulls down the fabric, Of all that windy scene., Sailing with clouds and woods behind, Pausing in leisured flight,, He stepped, alighting on a stone,, Dropped from the stars of night., He stood there unconcerned with day,, Deaf to the tumult of the bay,, Watching a stone in water,, A fish’s hidden light., Sharp rocks drive back the breaking, waves Confusing sea with air., Bundles of spray blown mountain-high, Have left the shingle bare., A shipwrecked anchor wedged by rocks,, Loosed by the thundering equinox,, Divides the herded waters,, The stallion and his mare., Yet no distraction breaks the watch, Of that time-killing bird., He stands unmoving on the stone;

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Since dawn he has not stirred., Calamity about him cries,, But he has fixed his golden eyes, On water’s crooked tablet,, On light’s reflected word., – Vernon Watkins, 8.1 On the basis of your understanding of the above poem complete the, statement giyen below with the help option that follow., (a) Besides the heron the other birds in the vicinity are …………………………. ., (i) more herons, (iii) oysters and gulls, Answer:, (iv) oyster-catchers and gulls, (b) The heron in flight …………………………. ., (i) goes over clouds and woods, (iii) across the stars at night, Answer:, (i) goes over clouds and woods, (c) The sea is confused with air when …………………………. ., (i) there is a wind blowing, (iii) the shingles are exposed, Answer:, (ii) sharp rocks drive back the breaking waves., (d) The bird on the stone has not stirred …………………………. ., (i) since daylight, (iii) since dawn, Answer:, (iii) since dawn, (e) The bird has fixed golden eyes even though …………………………. ., (i) there’s a disaster around, (iii) there’s dark around, Answer:, (i) there’s a disaster around

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8.2 Answer the following., (a) While the heron stands still in the water, the oyster-catchers scream., (b) The heron remains deaf at the sounds of the bay., (c) The heron alighted on a …………………………. after sailing across the sky., (d) The shipwrecked anchor on the seashore is …………………………. in-between, the rocks., (e) The …………………………. has been described as the ‘time-killing’ bird., Answer:, (a) True, (b) Trilfc, (c) stone, (d) wedged, (e) cloud-backed heron, 8.3 Find words from the poem which mean the same as:, (a) steady (lines 1-8), (b) a situation of loud noise and excitement (lines 17-24), Answer:, (a) unfaltering, (b) tumult, Unseen Passage for Class 12 Pdf – 9, Read the passage given below., 1. Every Republic Day security in the city is beefed up. You can see a lot more of, the four-legged, furry ‘canines on duty’ — everywhere from the Metro to the, airport. While these trained dogs are sniffing around your bags, you might be, tempted to pet them, but the CISF officials accompanying them do not approve, of such behaviour on the commuters’ part. As one official puts it, “People fawn, over them and ask us questions, but we don’t entertain anyone. Our dogs are, soldiers, not showpieces.”, 2. The CISF headquarters in Delhi have three breeds — German Shepherds,, Labrador Retrievers and Cocker Spaniels, and the officials claim that these are, the best-trained dogs in the country., 3. We have seen Metro commuters fighting, shouting and arguing for seats and, space. But if you have ever seen these four-legged soldiers in the Metro, you, must have noticed how they don’t bark or even look at the commuters. Even in, packed Metros, they never lose their cool. A CISF official says, “They won’t bark

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at or bite people. These dogs don’t bite anyone, unless given the command to, attack by their trainers.”, 4. Usually transported in the women’s coaches of the Metro, it is not, uncommon to see girls and children going crazy as soon as they make an, entrance. But they just ignore everyone and move only at the handler’s, command. An official says, “A dog is obedient by nature. Our dogs and their, handlers share a special bond, which is so strong that if the handler is on leave,, the dog won’t even eat. They are trained to not touch or listen to anyone’s, command except their handlers’. They also don’t eat anything given by, someone else. We train three handlers with two dogs, so that when one handler, is on leave, the dog doesn’t face an emotional crisis and stop eating or, working.”, 5. Talking about the training procedure, a CISF official says, “We procure the, puppies when they are only six months old and then they are sent to the Border, Security Force Academy, Tekanpur, Gwalior, for a six-month training period with, their handlers (both are trained together). After the training, when the dog is a, year old, he is sent for the appointed service, which he continues for the next, nine years. Each dog is named by his handler and like soldiers, these dogs also, have their certificates and service records.”, 6. If you think these canines lead a dog’s life, you are mistaken. Says a CISF, official, “He is not a dog for us; he is a soldier who assists us in our operations.”, The official adds, “All the dogs in the kennel are trained twice a day — morning, and evening. They have a fixed diet and feeding time — what the dog will eat at, what time of the day is decided by doctors. As these dogs have to carry out, several duties and have to stand and move for hours, they need to eat healthy.”, 7. Pet parents should learn how to take care of their dogs from these CISF, officials, who consider the members of the dog brigade their colleagues. The, CISF has four kennels in Delhi and each dog gets a separate room, which it, doesn’t have to share with another dog. Each dog also has its own belongings —, a blanket, shampoo, towel — with its name on it. During the winter, they have, heaters and during the summer, they have a personal cooler., 8. A soldier needs to be fit and if a dog soldier is not fit, its service has to be, discontinued. Says an official, “We can’t help it. If a dog becomes bulky, we, can’t take it for duty because it has to travel a lot and won’t be fit enough for all

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the activities. At present, we have divided all the Metro lines in two-three subdivisions, and each dog has a four-hour duty daily.”, 9.1 On the basis of your understanding of the above passage, complete the, statements given below with the help of options that follow:, (a) People are forbidden to pet sniffer dogs as they are …………………………. ., (i) ferocious creatures, (ii) their officials’ pets, (iii) not metro commuters, (iv) soldiers, not showpieces, Answer:, (iv) soldiers, not showpieces, (b) These dogs do not bite anyone unless …………………………. ., (i) they are given a command to do so, (ii) they are hungry, (iii) someone irritates, Answer:, (i) they are given a command to do so, (iv) their trainers beat them …………………………. ., (c) When their handler is on leave they, (i) are given a day off, (ii) do not work willingly, (iii) do not eat, (iv) eat a lot, Answer:, (iii) they do not eat, (d) The diet and timing of meals is decided by their …………………………. ., (i) handlers, (ii) appetites, (iii) duties, (iv) doctor, Answer:, (iv) doctor, (e) ‘People fawn over them and ask us questions.’ Fawn over in the above line, refers to …………………………. ., (i) try to cheat someone

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(ii) try to please someone, (iii) hate someone, (iv) both (i) and (ii), Answer:, (ii) try to please someone, 9.2 Answer the following., (a) The CISF dogs are showpieces and not soldiers. (True/False), (b) The CISF dogs are usually transported in the women’s coaches on the Metro., (True/False), (c) The dogs are trained at the Tekanpur Security Force Academy, on the border., (TFue/False), (d) All the dogs of the CISF are trained …………………………. a day., (e) The daily duty hours for the CISF dogs is …………………………. hours., Answer:, (a) False, (b) True, (d) twice, (e) four, 9.3 Find words from the passage which mean the same as:, (a) order (para 3), (b) obtain (para 5), Answer:, (a) command, (b) procure