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Flashcards for NEET Biology: Chemical Coordination and Integration, , Secreted from ductless, glands, , Hormones, , Acts as an intercellular, chemical messenger, Non-nutrient and present, in trace amounts, Diencephalon, master of the, master gland, , Hypothalamus, , Regulates secretion from, anterior pituitary through, hypophyseal portal system, Neurohypophysis is under, the direct control, , Gonadotrophin, releasing hormone, (GnRH), , Secreted from- hypothalamus, Function- stimulates the, synthesis of gonadotrophins, from the anterior pituitary
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Flashcards for NEET Biology: Chemical Coordination and Integration, , Neurohypophysis or posterior, pituitary, , Pars nervosa, , Secretes- oxytocin and, vasopressin (ADH), These hormones are, synthesised in the, hypothalamus and transported, by axon and released by nerve, endings, Secreted by- anterior pituitary, Function- Regulates growth, , Growth hormone, (GH), , Gigantism- due to over, production, Dwarfism- due to under, production, Acromegaly- due to, overproduction in adults, , Secreted by- anterior pituitary, , Prolactin (PRL), , Function- stimulates the growth, of mammary gland and milk, production
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Flashcards for NEET Biology: Chemical Coordination and Integration, , Thyroid-stimulating, hormone (TSH), , Adrenocorticotrophic, hormone (ACTH), , Secreted by- anterior pituitary, Function- stimulates the thyroid, gland to secrete thyroid, hormones, , Secreted by- anterior pituitary, Function- stimulates the adrenal, cortex to secrete glucocorticoids, (cortisol), , Gonadotrophins, Secreted by- anterior pituitary, , Luteinizing hormone, (LH), , Function in males- stimulates, the synthesis of androgens, Function in females- induces, ovulation and maintenance of, corpus luteum
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Flashcards for NEET Biology: Chemical Coordination and Integration, , Gonadotrophins, Secreted by- anterior pituitary, , Follicle-stimulating, hormone (FSH), , Function in males- regulates, spermatogenesis with, androgens, Function in females- growth and, development of ovarian follicles, Secreted by- posterior pituitary, , Oxytocin, , Function- stimulates contraction, of smooth muscles, stimulates, contraction of uterus during, childbirth, Oxytocin injection is given to, induce labour pain, Secreted by- posterior pituitary, , Vasopressin or Antidiuretic hormone, (ADH), , Function- stimulates, reabsorption of water from distal, tubules in the kidneys and, prevents diuresis, Diabetes Insipidus- decreased, synthesis of ADH leading to, excessive loss of water from the, kidneys
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Flashcards for NEET Biology: Chemical Coordination and Integration, , Location- dorsal side of, forebrain, Secretion- melatonin, , Pineal gland, , Function- regulates sleep-wake, cycle, temperature. Also, regulates metabolism,, pigmentation, immune system, and menstrual cycle, Location- present on both sides of, trachea joined by isthmus, , Thyroid gland, , Secretion- T4 (thyroxine) and T3, from follicular cells, calcitonin from, ‘C’ cells, Function- regulation of, carbohydrate, fat and protein, metabolism, BMR and water and, electrolyte balance, regulation of, blood calcium level by calcitonin, , Goitre- enlargement of thyroid, gland due to iodine deficiency, , Hypothyroidism, , Cretinism- due to congenital, thyroid deficiency causing, growth retardation, learning, difficulties, Irregular menstrual cycle in, adult females
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Flashcards for NEET Biology: Chemical Coordination and Integration, , Thyroid cancer- nodule, formation leading to excess, production of thyroid hormones, , Hyperthyroidism, , Exophthalmic goitre or, Grave’s disease- enlargement, of thyroid gland, increased, BMR, weight loss and eyeballs, protrude out, Location- a pair in each lobe of, the thyroid gland, Secretion- parathyroid hormone, (PTH), , Parathyroid gland, , Function- play role in calcium, balance with calcitonin. It, increases blood calcium level by, dissolution from bones,, reabsorption from kidneys and, absorption from food, Location- between lungs behind, sternum, , Thymus, , Secretion- thymosins, Function- play role in immune, system development., Differentiation of T-lymphocytes, and production of antibodies
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Flashcards for NEET Biology: Chemical Coordination and Integration, , Secreted by- adrenal cortex, E.g. Aldosterone, , Mineralocorticoids, , Function- maintenance of, electrolytes, water and blood, pressure, stimulates reabsorption, of water and Na+ ions and, excretion of K+ and phosphate, ions, Secreted by- zona reticularis of, the adrenal cortex, , Adrenal androgens, , E.g. Androstenedione (A4),, Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), Function- weak androgenic, activity, play role in the growth of, axial, pubic and facial hair during, puberty, Epinephrine or Adrenaline and, Norepinephrine or Noradrenaline, , Catecholamines, , Secreted by- adrenal medulla, during the stress response, Function- induce flight or fight, responses, alertness, sweating,, increased heartbeat, respiratory, rate, breakdown of glycogen,, lipids and proteins
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Flashcards for NEET Biology: Chemical Coordination and Integration, , Both exocrine as well as, endocrine, , Pancreas, , Islets of Langerhans secrete, two peptide hormones, 𝛼-cells- glucagon, β-cells- insulin, Secreted by- β-cells of pancreas, , Insulin, , Function- increases glucose, uptake and utilisation by, hepatocytes and adipocytes, causing hypoglycemia and also, stimulates glycogenesis, i.e., conversion of glucose to, glycogen, Secreted by- 𝛼-cells of pancreas, , Glucagon, , Function- acts on hepatocytes, and induce glycogenolysis, i.e., breakdown of glycogen to, glucose and gluconeogenesis, leading to hyperglycemia
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Flashcards for NEET Biology: Chemical Coordination and Integration, , Location- scrotal sac in males, Secretion- androgens from the, Leydig or interstitial cells, , Testes, , E.g. Testosterone, Function- development and, maturation of male sex organs,, spermatogenesis, secondary, sexual characteristics, libido,, anabolic effect on carbohydrate, and protein metabolism, Location- abdomen of females, Secretion- estrogen from follicles, and progesterone from corpus, luteum, , Ovaries, , Function- development and, maturation of female sex organs,, secondary sexual characteristics,, progesterone supports pregnancy, and milk secretion and alveoli, formation, , A peptide hormone, , Anti natriuretic factor, (ANF), , Secreted by- atrial wall, Function- vasodilator,, decreases blood pressure
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Flashcards for NEET Biology: Chemical Coordination and Integration, , A peptide hormone, , Erythropoietin, , Secreted by- juxtaglomerular, (JG) cells of kidneys, Function- stimulates the, formation of RBC, i.e., erythropoiesis, , A peptide hormone, , Gastrin, , Secreted by- G-cells of stomach, Function- stimulates the, secretion of HCl and, pepsinogen, , A peptide hormone, , Secretin, , Secreted by- S-cells of the, duodenum, Function- stimulates the, secretion of pancreatic, bicarbonate
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Flashcards for NEET Biology: Chemical Coordination and Integration, , A peptide hormone, , Cholecystokinin, (CCK), , Secreted by- I-cells of the, duodenum, Function- stimulates the, secretion of bile juice by the, gallbladder and pancreatic, enzymes, A peptide hormone, , Gastric inhibitory, peptide (GIP), , Secreted by- K-cells of the small, intestine, Function- inhibits gastric, secretion, stimulates insulin, secretion, , Secreted by- non-endocrine, tissues, , Growth factors, , E.g. epidermal growth factor,, fibroblast growth factor, etc., Function- normal cellular, growth, repair and regeneration
