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“c’ and fucoxanthin (xanthophyll), e Cell wall has cellulose with gelantionous coating of algin., , e Has mannitol and laminarin (complex carbohydrate) as reserve food, material., , e Body divisible into holdfast, stipe and frond., e e.g., Ectocarpus, Fucus, Laminaria, Dictyota, Sargassum, (iii) Rhodophyceae, , e Red algae are red coloured due to pigments chlorophyll ‘a’, “d’ and, t-phycoerythrin., , e Found on surface as well great depths in oceans., e Cell wall has cellulose., e Reserve food material is floridean starch., e.g., Polysiphonia, Porphyra, Gelidium, Gracilaria., Reproduction in Algae, Vegetative reproduction : by fragmentation, , Asexual Reproduction : Flagellated zoospores in Chlorophyceae,, Biflagellated zoospores in Phaeophycease, By non-motile spores in Rhodophyceae., , Sexual Reproduction : Isogamous, anisogamous or oogamous in, chlorophyceae and Phaeophyceae., , By non-motile gametes and oogamous in Rhodophyceae., Bryophytes :, e ‘Amphibians of plant kingdom’., e Occur in damp, humid and shaded places., e Lack true roots, stem or leaves., e Main plant body is haploid and thallus like (prostrate or erect), e Economic Importance : Food for herbaceous animals., , Sphagnum in from of peat is used as fuel and also used as packing material, for trans-shipment of living material, as it has water holding capacity.