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©, , i a enthalpy: the sof HIRAGRENEAHA! metal ion, as the, , Be™* >Mg”* >Ca™* > Sr* >Ba™*, (e) Oxidation State: All the members of the family exhibit +2 oxidation state in their, compounded and the form divalent cations (M**), (f) Electro negativity : The electro negativity values of alkaline earth metals are, quite close to those of alkali metals, though slightly more., (g) Metallic Character : Alkaline earth metals have stronger metallic bonds as, compared to the alkali metals present in the same period., (h) Melting and boiling point : The melting and Boiling points of these metals are, higher than those of alkali metals present in the same period., (i) Colouration to the flame : With the exceptio9n of beryllium and magnesium, the, rest of the elements impart characters in colour to the same flame: For example,, , Be Mg @@ Ba, , - - Brick Red Crimson Grassy Green Crimson, J) Complex formation: Generally the members| However,, smaller ions ( with the electron donor species, , k) Formation of organo-metallic compounds: Both beryllium and magnesium, containing M-C bond with certain, , organic compounds. For example, magnesium reacts with alkyl halide in the, presence of dry ether to give Grignard reagent,, , 1) Reducing character: Alkaline earth metals are than the, corresponding alkali_ metals which have | and, comparatively b), , m) Reaction with oxygen: With the exception of Ba and Ra which form peroxides (, MO.) rest of the metals form normal on heating with excess of, oxygen., , n) Reaction with halogens: The members of the family combine directly with, , halogen at appropriate temperature to form corresponding halides., 0) Reaction with water: The members of this group are less reactive towards water, , as compared to the corresponding alkali metals because these are less., slectropositive in nature., , p) Reaction with hydrogen: The members, , , , , (i) Caustic soda:, It is used: in soap, paper, textile, petroleum industry, ii) Sodium carbonate, , It is used:, a) in, b) in, c) inp, d) inm