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Graphic presentation of mode:, , Prepare a histogram from the given data., Find out the rectangle whose height is the, highest. This will be the modal class. Draw, two lines-one joining the top right point of, the rectangle preceding the modal class, with top right point of the modal class., , The other joining the top left point of the, modal class with the top left point of the, post modal class. From the point of, intersection of these two diagonal lines,, draw a perpendicular on horizontal axis, 1.e., X-axis the point where this, perpendicular line meets x-axis, gives us, the value of mode., , Formulae of calculating arithmetic mean:, , . Step, Types of Direct Shortcut, , . deviation, , Series Method Methods, Methods, Individual _ Fx _ vq _. y¥¢, , . x == X =A+— X =A+=—xC, Series N N N, Discrete Ty &, , . Kok | pene ZH | ge ZH rc, series N N, Continuous >, , x-2™ X-a+L# Tans et xc, , , , Series : N