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(a) True, (b) False, (c) True, (d) relax, (e) Johanna Basford, , 4.3 Find words from the passage which mean the same as:, , (a) vast and detailed (para 1) an extreme fear of something (para 4), Answer:, , (a) elaborate, , (b) phobia, , Unseen Passage for Class 12 Pdf —5, Read the passage given below., , 1. The first Indian woman physician Anandibai Joshi, graduated in 1886. Starting, from that single figure, about 125 years later, Indian women have started to, outnumber men in admissions to medical colleges and the trend continues to, grow stronger by the year, particularly over the last five years. During this, period, India has produced 4500 more female doctors than male ones., , 2. In India women constituted 51% of the students joining medical colleges,, cornering 23,522 seats in 2014-15, compared to 22,934 men. This increase is in, keeping with the worldwide trend. In fact, in the neighbouring countries such as, Pakistan and Bangladesh there are much higher portions of women in medical, colleges, with figures standing at 70% and 60% respectively., , 3. Paradoxically, there is a serious shortage of female doctors in India., According,to the medical journal Lancet, only 17% of all allopathic doctors and, 6% of those in rural areas are women. This is less than one female allopathic, doctor per 10,000 population in rural areas, whereas the ratio is 6.5 in urban, areas., , 4. According to a paper on women in medicine published in the journal ‘Indian, Anthropologist’ by sociologist Dr Mita Bhadra, the gender gap persists at the, postgraduation and doctoral levels. The percentage of women doctors here is, around one-third of male doctors. She also observed that positions of, leadership in academics and administration are still mostly occupied by men., , 5. In Pakistan, though 70% of medical students are women, only 23% of, registered doctors were females because a large number of those who
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graduated never took to practising. The picture is no different in Bangladesh, where 3164 female doctors graduated as compared to 2383 male doctors, in, 2013. The trend of more women joining the medical profession is welcomed in, all these countries as female doctors are seen as committed and caring. This, difference in numbers in the profession vis-a-vis women graduating has led to, several studies being carried out. A paper on women in medicine published by, Dr Rakesh Chaddha and Dr Mamta Sood of the psychiatry department of AIIMS, noted that medicine has been a male-dominated profession because it demands, long working hours that are disadvantageous to women who, even today,, struggle to juggle career and family responsibilities., , 6. Earlier, though women were largely restricted to fields such as obstetrics,, gynaecology and paediatrics, this is changing now. There has always been a, preponderance of women in pre-clinical subjects like anatomy, physiology and, biochemistry and paraclinical subjects like pharmacology, pathology and, microbiology, right from the ‘70s. However, when a department is headed by a, woman, the percentage of women in the faculty goes up. In departments, headed by women, the women faculty was 49% as compared to just 19% in, those headed by men, says Dr Chaddha, giving the example of the neurology, department at the AIIMS, which saw a lot of women faculty joining when the, HOD was a woman. ‘It is probably because the head of the department, becomes a role model and more women are encouraged to join,’ said Dr., Chaddha., , 7. There are skews within the medical profession in most parts of the world with, some medical specialties, such as surgery and other disciplines requiring, emergency duty with irregular hours being male-dominated. Even in the United, Kingdom, though women account for 56% of those opting for medical, education, 49% are public health and only 8% are surgeons, according to a Royal, College of Physicians expert., , 8. Among the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, countries (OECD), across ten of them, predominantly from the erstwhile Eastern, Bloc, the proportion of female physicians is more than 50%, ranging from a high, 73.8% in Estonia to 50.2% in Spain. In two non- OECD countries, Latvia and, Lithuania, females accounted for over 74% and 70% of physicians. In contrast,, only one in five doctors in Japan and Korea were women. In the United States it, is one in three, confirming the fact that the disproportion among women and, men doctors is a universal phenomenon.
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5.1 On the basis of your understanding of the above passage, complete the, statements given below with the help of options that follow., , (a) In 125 years, the female doctors have outnumbered male doctors by, Ae eee Ao, in India., , (i) 4000, , (ii) 4300, , (iii) 4500, , (iv) 2383, , e number of women joining the medical profession in Pakistan and, Bangladesh sivsssseszssssesecseecaxesses, (i) is much lower than the figures i in India, (ii) equals women doctors in India, (iii) is growing faster than the doctors in India, (iv) is. higher than the figures in India, , (c) There are less women in medicine because, (i) it is a tough line, , (ii) it demands long working hours, , (iii) women do not enjoy this field, , (iv) women are discouraged by their peers in this segment, , , , , , Females accounted for OVEF ......eessesesesteseeeeeeseeee of the physicians in Lithuania., (i) 70%, (ii) 74%, (iii) 50%, (iv) one in three women, , (e) The positions of leadership in academics and administration are still, OCCUPIEM by ou... eeeeeseeeeseeeseeenees ., (i) women
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(ii) men, (iii) Both men and women, (iv) doctors, , 5.2 Answer the following., , (a) At the post-graduate level, the percentage of female doctors is one-third of, male doctors. (True/False), , (b) Studying is disadvantageous to women as they struggle to juggle career with, family responsibilities. (True/False), , (c) Pharmacology, pathology and microbiology are termed .........ceceeeeeeneeees, subjects in medicine., , (d) The Indian woman physician who graduated in 1886 WAS ........seeseseeeeteeeeeees, (@) THE veeseesesesesesneeee is the medical journal that reported a serious chore, of female doctors in India., , , , , 5.3 Find words from the passage which mean the opposite of the following., , (a) abundance (para 3), (b) discouraged (para 6), , Unseen Passage for Class 12 Pdf -6, Read the passage given below., , 1. It was 200 years ago that a French doctor when examining a female patient, rolled up sheets — of paper and placed them to her heart instead of pitting his, ear to her chest. This single act gave birth to that universal marker of medical, practice, the stethoscope. Over two centuries this device has travelled wide,, and is now seen in S&M shops, toy stores, medical exam rooms. Unfortunately, on its two hundredth birthday, instead of celebration there’s talk of dispatching
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the stethoscope to the morgue. Last week, Jagat Narula, a cardiologist,, provocatively claimed: ‘The stethoscope is dead.’, , 2. In 2014, India-born 15-year-old Suman Mulumudi invented the Steth 10 in, Seattle. He is one among several who have come up with alternatives to the, regular stethoscope. His invention essentially records heart and lung sounds and, converts them into a spectrogram which can be annotated in an iPhone that, amplifies and stores for future reference. The device is in the market. Besides, this, there are other choices in the market. Others have cited a portable, ultrasound machine as a possible successor. An FDA approved digital, stethoscope that records the sounds of a patient’s heart and transmits them, into an app is also around. The chip stored in the cloud can be transferred for a, second opinion anywhere in the world. Some stethoscope apps play doctor and, deliver snap diagnosis by applying algorithms to match the patient’s recordings, with a re-programmed index of common sounds detected for listening to, internal sounds of the body., , 3. The gains, experts say, are greater diagnostic accuracy, real-time results and, streamlined treatment that saves the patient time and money by eliminating, superfluous tests and medication. But not all Indian doctors are convinced, about it. Dr Vinita Arora maintains that technology is what you tell technology., Good history taking and listening to a patient can never be substituted. If the, machine misses even one sign the diagnosis could be incorrect. According to Dr., CT Deshmukh, ninety per cent of doctors can’t do without a stetho, but some, others point out stethos stand-ins will not penetrate the Indian market until, new digital devices are introduced to students right at medical school., According to Dr Neelesh Bhandari, when you go to techno conferences you, realize that stethoscopes are going out because apps and mobile devices are, more accurate and tell you more.’ For manufacturers of steel stethoscopes their, devices are a bargain at X 500 to X 2000. Even though electronic stethoscopes, have been available for several years you will seldom come across them in use., , 4. The economics of operating the next gen stethoscope may prove a hurdle in, India. Logistically the steep imbalance between doctor-patient ratio — 6 doctors, to every 10,000 people could suppose that quicker, more efficient tools with, tele-medicine capabilities would have sped up diagnosis. But then again 80% of, the population is treated in rural India where steady electricity is a luxury., , 5. This is why other doctors feel that it is not yet time for the stethoscope to exit, although they believe that will undoubtedly come. For the present the
