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10, , CHAPTER, , Microbes in Human Welfare, IMPORTANT TERMS, Prions., agents., 2., , sCwage/polluted water; it also indicates, amount of organic matter present in, , Prions are the proteinaccous infectious, , Thermal Vents. Thermal vents arc the sites, , deep inside the geysers/hot springs, where the, average tenmperature is as high as 100° C., 3. Fermentors. Fermentors are the very large, vessels used for growing microbes on an, industrialcommercial scale., Antibiotics are the chemical, substances produced by certain microbes, that, can kill or retard the growth of other (disease, causing) microbes., 5. Flocs. Flocs are masses of bacteria associated, , Antibiotics., , with fungal hyphae, that form mesh-like, structures., 6Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD). Biological, oxygen demand is a measure of the oxygen, needed by the aerobic decomposers in the, , the, , the, , water., , of gases, tha, contains predominantly methane, produced by, the activity of microbes., 8Methanogens. Methanogens are those bacteria, which produce large quantities of methane, during decomposition of organic matter., 9. Biological Control of Pests. Biological control, is a method of controlling pests in agriculture, that relies on natural predation rather than the, introduced chemicals., 10/Baculoviruses. Baculoviruses are the viral, pathogens that attack insects and other, arthropods., 11. Biofertilisers Biofertilisers are those organisms, that enrich the nutrient-content of the soil., , IMPORTANT, , Biogas. Biogas, , is a mixture, , NOTESS, , Microbes, Microbes are those organisms which are microseopic, i.e., can be, seen only under a microscope., Bacteria are omnipresent, i.e., present everywhere in the soil, air,, water, inside the bodies of animals and'even in places where no, other life-forms can exist., The diverse microbes are viruses, viroids, prions, bacteria, fungi., prozoans and certain algae., Microbes like bacteria and fungi can be cultured on nutritive media, to form colonies in the laboratory., Microbes are useful to mankind in many ways, while some are, harmful too; the useful aspects are discussed below., , Head, , Neck, Tail, , fibres, , Fig 10.1 Bacteriophage