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~, , ks atin Diversity. Genetic diversity refers to, , the diversity of genes within a species., af Species Diversity. Species diversity refers to the, Jf variety of species within aregion. ©, y Ecological/Ecosystem Diversity. Ecological or, “ ecosystem diversity refers to variation of habitats,, ommunity types and abiotic environments, , present in a given area., , ci ie Spots. Hot spots are the priority areas of, conservation, that are extremely rich in species,, which have high endemism and are under, , constant threat of extinction. RontAaan, , ities a oe we a ee eek

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1 ULOTTTES,, © Biodiversity can be studied at the following, levels |, (7) Genetic diversity, (77) Species diversity, (7) Boological / Boosystens diversity, 2. Genetic Diversity. ; a ;, ® Greater the genetic diversity among organisms ofa species, more sustenance it has against environmentg|, perturbations, :, ® The genetically uniform populations are highly prone to diseases and harsh environment., 27 The genetic variation shown by Ramwolfia vomitoria can be in terms of the concentration and Potency, ~ of the chemical reserpine. ., ao are more than 50,000 genetically different strains of rice and 1000 varieties of Mango in, ndia, ‘

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|, |, |, , : ale Mosses, , Uae, f ‘nga »)I Fungi, , epecies Diversity., sa The two important Measures of Species“divers;, , (i) Species richness = It refers to the Tsity are :, , (ii) Species evenness : It refers to th, , an area. ., , a of species per unit area,, elativ i i ies i, © abundance with which each species is represented in, , Ecological, Diversity, , The variety and number of individ, of diversity of an ecosystem,, e, The Western Ghats have a, Y, species than Eastern Ghats., ological Diversity., “», Ecological diversity is related to specie:, ‘# diversity as shown in the figure 15,1,, , yisia has a greater ecosystem diversity than a Scandinavian, country; India has several ecosystems/biomes like rain forests :, deserts, wetlands, mangroves, coral reefs, etc, rte, 5, Global Biodiversity pa wen ( Comgervoty, 4 According to IUCN (2004), the total number of plant and unin) Tp aon Dita, animal species described is about 1.5 million. [Perak ocuhalien me, © The species inventories for taxonomic groups in temperate imiihig, , countries/regions are more complete than that in tropical, countries/regions., , uals determine the level, , greater diversity of amphibian, , 4,, S diversity and genetic, , , , , , , Ferns and allies, , Angiosperms, , Algae Lichens, , Other animal groups, , Birds, , Reptiles, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , I : Vertebrates, | Invertebrates, : Invertebrates and Vertebrates), , jor Taxa of Plants,, , foo, |, , ——— jodiversity of Maj, Fig 15.2 Representation of Global Biodivers —— d estimate has been made by Robert May; it puts the global, , ® Amore conservative and scientifically soun, Species diversity at about seven million., , Fae}