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SUBJECT- BIOLOGY, CLASS - 12TH, CHAPTER- 8, , Human health &, disease, TEACHER- MR. EVENEJER SOLU, P.G.T.,BIOLOGY,, , ST. MARY’S SR. SEC. SCHOOL, SAGAR (M.P.)
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Health, C, , 2020 ‘Solu Sir ’, , DEFINITION, , “ The health can be defined as the complete, state of physical, mental and social well-being.”, - W.H.O. (World Health organization)
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Aspects of Health, 2020 ‘Solu Sir ’, , Physical Health (Proper functioning of, cells/Tissues/Organs/Organ system etc.), (2)Mental Health (Stress should be undercontroled), (3) Social Health, ( Healthy relations among Family, Community,, Society etc.), (1), , C
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Disease (‘Dis’-aginst, ‘ease’- comfort ), 2020 ‘Solu Sir ’, , “ The disease can be defined as the state or, condition which impairs the proper functioning of, cell/tissue/organ etc of the body. “, C, , Ex.- Malaria, Typhoid, Cough & Cold, Cancer etc.
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Types of diseases, , , Acute Diseases (Short time period diseases), 2020 ‘Solu Sir ’, , Ex.- Cough and cold, fever, chickenpox etc., C, , , , Chronic Diseases (Long time period diseases/ life long diseases), , Ex.- Cancer, T.B.(Tuberculosis), AIDS, Diabetes, High or low Blood, pressure etc., , , Congenital Diseases (Genetic diseases), , Ex.- Haemophilia, Colour blindness, etc., , , Acquired Diseases (received from Surroundings/ contaminated, food/pathogens etc.), , Ex.- Malaria, Typhoid, Jaundice, cancer, T.B., bone fractures etc.
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Types of diseases, , , C 2020 ‘Solu Sir ’, Communicable, Diseases or Infectious Diseases, , (Can be spread or transferred from an infected person to healthy, person), Ex.- Cough and cold , Measles, T.B., AIDS, etc., , , Non-communicable Diseases or Non-infectious Diseases, , (Can not be spread or transferred from an infected person to, healthy person), Ex.- Fever, Diabetes, High/low Blood pressure, Cancer, bone, fracture etc.
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ETIOLOGY (Causes of Diseases), 2020 ‘Solu Sir ’, “Any substance, which causes a disease by it’s excess or, deficiency or absence is called a disease agent.”, C, , The diseases are mainly caused due to these following factors, (agents)2., , Biological factors, Chemical factors, , 3., , Other factors, , 1.
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1. Biological factors, C, , 2020 ‘Solu Sir ’, , Pathogens- Disease causing organisms., , , Micobacterium tuberculosis causes T.B. (Tuberculosis)., , , , Plasmodium causes Malaria., , , , Salmonella typhi causes Typhoid., , , , HIV(Human immunodeficiency Virus) causes AIDS., , , , Polio virus causes Polio disease, etc.
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1. Biological factors, C, , 2020 ‘Solu Sir ’, , Vector- Pathogen carrying organisms are called, Vector., Ex., , Female Anopheles Mosquitoes, , (carried Plasmodium Pathogen), , , Aedes Mosquitoe ( Carried Dengue virus), etc.
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2. Chemical factors, C, , 2020 ‘Solu Sir ’, , Chemicals which causes diseases can be1. Endogenous Chemicals (secreted inside of body), , Ex.- Urea, Uric acid, Hydrochloric acid etc., 2. Exogenous Chemicals (Comes from Outside of body), Ex.- Mercury, lead (through water) Cholesterol (fat), toxins,, (through food),Alcohol, Tobacco, drugs, etc.
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3. Other factors, 2020 ‘Solu Sir ’, Environmental, factors( Temperature, Heat, Smog, etc.), Ex.- Allergies, fever etc., Disfunctioning (Improper working of Cell/ Tissues/Organs etc.), Ex.- Diabetes(disfunctioning of Pancreatic gland),Kidney failure, Liver, disfunctioning, Heart failure,etc., Deficiency, Ex.- Night blindness, Goiter, Scurvy etc., Friction, Ex.- Fractures and Dislocations., , , , C
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Vaccine (‘Vacca’- Cow), 2020 ‘Solu Sir ’, , “ The vaccine can be defined as an extraction or, solution which contains killed or attenuated, (weak) pathogens.“, When a Vaccine inoculated (enters) into a body it, stimulates the immune system of a person., C
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Some Common Vaccines, 2020 ‘Solu Sir ’, , Some of the common vaccines given to an, Infant or children are given belowC, , Polio vaccine, 2. Anti Rabies vaccine, 3. Typhoid vaccine, 4. Cholera vaccine, 5. DPT (Diphtheria Pertussis & tetanus vaccine), tritple vaccine., 1.
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Some Common Vaccines, , , C, , 2020 ‘Solu Sir ’, , BCG (Bacillus Calmett Guerin), , vaccine given for prevention of Tuberculosis (T.B.), , , Hepatitis-B vaccine, , , , Swine flu vaccine, etc.
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Vaccination, 2020 ‘Solu Sir ’, , “ The process of inoculation of a vaccine which, stimulates the immune system of a person by the, formation of antibodies.”, C, , , , , W.H.O. Started world wide Vaccination programme. (1972), Pulse-Polio Programme was started in December 1995 in, India., , In 2014 india got certified as Polio-free country.
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Antibiotics, 2020 ‘Solu Sir ’, , “ The antibiotics are some specific chemicals, whitch obtained or derived from microorganisms, and helps to kill the pathogens and also check the, growth of pathogens (Diseases causing organisms,, i.e. Virus, bacteria etc.)”, Ex.- Penicillin, Neomycin, Streptomycin,, Terramycine etc., C
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Preventive Measures of Diseases, C, , 2020 ‘Solu Sir ’, , , , Always take healthy and balanced diet., , , , Drink sufficient water in a day., , , , Take care about the personal hygiene & cleanliness., , , , Take a good bath daily., , , , While visiting to a sick person always take care some important, measures(wear mask, maintain physical distance etc.), , , , Always wash hands after using toilets.
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Preventive Measures of Diseases, C, , 2020 ‘Solu Sir ’, , , , Every person should have a good Healthy lifestyle., , , , Avoid alcohol, tobacco and other bad habits., , , , Every person should have a good exercise, walking, running,, playing, etc. healthy habits., , , , A complete vaccination should be given to the infant/children., , , , At appearance of any disease symptom immediately contact, to a doctor for suitable treatment.
