Page 1 :
THE CHEMICAL STRUCTURE OF DNA, , THE SUGAR PHOSPHATE ‘BACKBONE’, , BASE BASE BASE DNA strands are held together by hydrogen bonds between bases on adjacent, , strands. Adenine (A) always pairs with thymine (T), while guanine (G) always, pairs with cytosine (C). Adenine pairs with uracil (U) in RNA., , DNAis a polymer made up of units called nucleotides. The nucleotides are, made of three different components: a sugar group. a phosphate group. and a, base. There are four different bases: adenine, thymine, guanine and cytosine., , oO l °, ~~ i ~ ¢ P, C oO, yn, a” 4, OKXZLUuD o Pena een nhac, NH 2 The bases ona single strand of DNA act asa eae are fener Ene led, H HN ~s od hich code for ids - the building blocks of protei, No, TRANSCRIPTION TRANSLATION, oO N oO, H, , NZ, KAY?, CKIID OID, 0, , H, , ‘An enzyme, RNA polymerase, transcribes DNA into mRNA (messenger, ribonucleic acid). It splits apart the two strands that form the double helix, then, reads a strand and copies the sequence of nucleotides. The only difference, between the RNA and the original DNA is that in the place of thymine (T)., another base with a similar structure is used: uracil (U)., , oases @OOOGOOOCGCOG00, manastauncs 0 O@@OOOOOOEOG00O, , AMINO ACID Phenylalanine Leucine Asparagine Proline Leucine, , In multicellular organisms, the mRNA carries genetic code out of the cell, nucleus, to the cytoplasm. Here, protein synthesis takes place. ‘Translation’ is the, process of turning the mRNA's ‘code’ into proteins. Molecules called ribosomes, carry out this process, building up proteins from the amino acids coded for., , 0. N NH, Nv 2, HN, , HN l >, won N A, , © Andy Brunning/Compound Interest 2018 - www.compoundchem.com | Twitter: @compoundchem | FB: www.facebook.com/compoundchem ©OHSO©, , This graphic is shared under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives licence. BY ONC OND