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& myCBSEguide.com, , A Complete guide for CBSE students, , CBSE Class 12 Geography, Revision Notes, Fundamentals of Human Geography, , Chapter -1 Human Geography Nature and Scope, , Key Notes:, , e The core concern of geography as a discipline is to understand the earth as home of, human beings and to study all those elements which have sustained them, , e It emphasis is on study of nature and human beings, , e Geography is a field of study is integrative, empirical and practical, , e It studies each and every event on the earth over the space and time, , © Geography can be studied through law making or descriptive, , e Both physical and human phenomena are described in metaphors using symbols, from the human anatomy, , e German geographers describe the ‘state/country’ as a ‘living organism’. Networks of, road, railways and water ways have often been described as “arteries of circulation”., , There are two approaches of geography a. Systematic approach and b. Regional approach, , e According to Ratzel, “Human geography is the synthetic study of relationship between, human societies and earth’s surface.", , e According to Ellen C Sample, “Human geography is the study of “the changing, relationship between the unresting man and the unstable earth.”, , e According to Paul Vidal De la Blache, “Conception resulting from a more synthetic, knowledge of thephysical laws governing our earth and of the relations between the, living beings which inhabit it”., , NATURE OF HUMAN GEOGRAPHY, , e Human geography studies the inter-relationship between the physical environment, and socio- cultural environment created by human beings through mutual interaction, with each other, , e Houses, villages, cities, road-rail networks, industries, farms, ports, items of our daily, , Material downloaded from myCBSEguide.com. 1/4
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& myCBSEguide.com, , A Complete guide for CBSE students, , use and all other elements of material culture have been created by human beings, using the resources provided by the physical environment, , Naturalisation of Humans, , e Man interact with nature with the help of technology, , e Itis not important that what he creates but with what tools he used to create, , e Technology indicates the level of cultural development of society, , e Human beings were able to develop technology after they developed better, understanding of natural laws, , e In the early stages of their interaction with their natural environment humans were, greatly influenced by it. They adapted to the dictates of Nature. This is so because the, level of technology was very low and the stage of human social development was also, primitive.This type of interaction between primitive human society and strong forces, of nature was termed as Environmental determinism, , e Primitive societies which live incomplete harmony with their natural environment, , e Nature is a powerful force,worshipped, revered and conserved. There is direct, dependence of human beings on nature for resources which sustain them. The, physical environment for such societies becomes the “Mother Nature, , e Itis the theory that the environment sets certain constraints or limitations, but, culture is otherwise determined by social conditions, , e A geographer, Griffith Taylor introduced another concept which reflects a middle, path (Madhyam Marg) between the two ideas of environmental determinism and, possibilism. He termed it as Neodeterminism or stop and go determinism, , Humanisation of nature, , e With the development of technology people understood the nature well, , e They move from state of necessity to state of possibilities, , e Human activities created cultural landscape, , e The concept shows that neither is there a situation of absolute necessity, (environmental determinism) nor is there a condition of absolute freedom, (possibilism), , e It means that human beings can conquer nature by obeying it, , Material downloaded from myCBSEguide.com. 2/4
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& myCBSEguide.com, , A Complete guide for CBSE students, , Human Geography through the Corridors of Time, , e If we imagine the beginning of human geography with the interaction of environment, , and human beings, it has its roots deep in history, , e The concerns of human geography have a long temporal continuum though the, approaches to articulate them have changed over time, , e This dynamism in approaches and thrusts shows the vibrant nature of the discipline, , e For example, in the late 15th century witnessed attempts of explorations in Europe, and slowly the myths and mysteries about countries and people started to open up, , e The colonial period provided impetus to further explorations in order to access the, , resources of the regions and to obtain inventorised information, , e The intention here is not to present an in-depth historical account but to make you, , aware of the processes of steady development of human geography, , Fields and Sub-fields of Human Geography, , e Human geography assumes a highly inter-disciplinary nature, , ¢ It develops close interface with other sister disciplines in social sciences in order to, understand and explain human elements on the surface of the earth, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , Fields of human, son Sub field Sister disciplines, geo, _ Social science-Sociology, Behavioral geography Psychology, Geography of social well being} Welfare economics, Geography of leisure Sociology, Social geography Cultural geography Anthropology, Sociology, anthropology, women, Gender geography 2, studies, Historical geography History, Medical geography Epidemiology, , , , , , , , , , Material downloaded from myCBSEguide.com. 3/4
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& myCBSEguide.com, , A Complete guide for CBSE students, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , Urban geography _ Urban studies and planning, - Political science, Political geography | Electoral geography Psephology, Military geography Military science, Population, - Demography, geography, Settl t, Oe - Urban and rural planning, geography, sis Economics, Geography of resources Resource economics, Geography of Agriculture Agricultural science, : Geography of industries Industrial economics, Economic, geography Geography offfirkating Business studies, economics,, commerce, Geography of tourism Tourism and travel management, Geogra| of international, graphy pe International trade, trade, , , , Material downloaded from myCBSEguide.com. 4/4
