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using sonometer,, , Apparatus : Sonometer, slotted weights with hanger, set of tuning forks, rubber pad, light paper, j rider, meter scale., , , , — 1—_+, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , iP., B Nee on, w |, H®. ; H®, Wooden box with holes H-H — i<—__—_- 4, Slotted weights (N:Node, A:Antinode), on hanger >|, (a) sonometer : (b) vibrating wire, , , , , , , , , , Theory: :, , Law of Length: The frequency of stationary transverse vibrations of a stretched string is inversely, proportional to its vibrating length when the tension and mass per unit length of the wire are kept, constant., , Thus naw 1, né= constant when T and m are constant., £, Formula :, 1 jT, n=—,|—, 2£\m, Where ,, n = frequency of vibration of the wire., T = tension applied to the wire., n = mass per unit length of the wire, fo o= vibrating length of the wire., , Procedure :, , 1. Set up the sonometer on the table and clean the groove on the pulley to ensure that it has, minimum friction. Stretch the wire by placing a suitable load on the hanger., , 2. Add suitable mass to the hanger to the sonometer wire. Keep it constant throughout the, experiment., , 3. Place a light paper rider on the wire midway between knife edges., , 4. Take a tuning fork of highest frequency, strike it on the rubber pad and set into vibrations., , 5. Put the stem of vibrating tuning fork gently on the sonometer box., , ocanned witn vatnscann

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6. Slowly, change the distance between two knife edges and adjust particular distance, ider falls off., , qi cca aun weal two knife edges which is the vibrating length of the wire. Take, one more reading with the same tuning fork and find mean vibrating length (), , 8. Repeat the procedure with different tuning forks with decreasing order of frequency. Note the, , __ corresponding length of vibrating wire., , 9. Calculate ‘né’ for each tunning fork. 1 ., , 10, Plot a graph of reciprocal of vibrating length — on (Y-axis) against frequency n on X (axis)., , 11, Determine unknown frequency from the graph and calculations., , 12. Calculate linear density of the wire using mean né., , Observations:, Mass of the hanger M, =..590.9- Total mass M=..)49°..4Tension applied to the wire T = ..|.GQ0x 980 dyne., , To meas, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |, 2 |, 3, 4 ZB4 15:3] 153 | 15:3 6875:, 5 unkwon n'=........ \4 14 C=. fld... __, Calculations :, To find né, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , }, , J, , scanneg witn Gamscann

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Graph : Agraph of 1/£ angainst n, , Y Scale Y=--------cm', , X=----—Hz, , , , , , , , , , , , a! nd) *, , , , Tar TIS:S., , Seed iveweses = constant, when T and m are kept constant, Hence law of length is verified., , 2. The graph of reciprocal of vibrating length against frequency of vibrations of wire is straight, line. Hence n & “, , 1c Deknowestoemmnssthmne iad grphe eee, , ~ Precautions :, , Place the paper rider mid — way between knife edges., , Paper rider should be light and dry., , Strike tuning fork on the rubber pad gently., , Place the stem of the vibrating tuning fork gently on the sonometer box., Measure the distances between the knife-edges accurately., , YP ene, , , , . State the law of length of vibrating string., , What is fundamental mode of vibration?, , , , Canned witn Lamscann