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SEM CBSE SCHOOL NEEM KA THANA (SIKAR), Book 2 :- Politics In India since Independence, Class – 12th Political Science, , 1. challenges of nation building, , Challenges for the new nation:In this Chapter we will see one Biggest Challenges Which, was faced by India after independent – Nation Building in, detail., 1. 3 Big Challenges (Faced by India after independence), 2. Partition & its Consequences., 3. Integration of Princely States _ Patel Role, 4. Sate Reorganisation Commission., , India got independence on 15 August 1947 from British rule after, a Huge Struggle., After Independence India Faced Many Challenges, Out of All 3, was Major Challenges for India let’s see one by one:1

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1, , Nation Building was a challenge for India due to two reasons:-, , In India there were Huge Diversity,, People spoke many Language, Follow, Different Religions & Customs, and so, to serve the interest of all was the big, Challenge., , Mountbatten Plan gave choice to, Princely States either Join India or, Pakistan or Remain Independent. So, it was India’s Challenge to Shape a, good Nation., , At the hour of mid-night on 14-15 August 1947, India attained independence., Jawaharlal Nehru, the first Prime Minister of free India, addressed a special, session of the Constituent Assembly that night., This was the famous ‘tryst with destiny’ speech that you are familiar with., This was the moment Indians had been waiting for., There were Two main goals almost everyone agreed upon :1. That after Independence, we shall run our country through democratic government., 2. That the government will be run for the good of all, particularly the poor and the socially disadvantaged groups., Note:- Now that the country was independent, the time had come to realise the promise of freedom., , 2

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2, , Establish Democracy, , Before Independence India Leaders wanted Democracy in India after, intendance. So it was very Tough Task to establish democracy which will run, According to constitution in such a poor & illiterate country. But we proved this, by establishing a Successful democracy., 3, , Economic Development, , As you will know at the time of independence there were Huge Economic Crisis, in India such as Poverty, illiteracy and inflation so to remove all these was a big, Challenge for India., , Partition: displacement and rehabilitation, Due to Two Nation Theory of Muhammad Ali Jinnah (Leader of the Muslim league & Founder of, Pakistan)., India was divided into 2 parts India & Pakistan. So here we have to Study the Process of Partition & its, Results (Consequences)., Two Nation Theory: - According to two nation theory the India Consisted of 2 Country – India & Pakistan., This Theory was give by Jinnah (Leader of Muslim League)., 3

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Process of Partition, Obviously, The Partition of India was done on the Basis of Religious Majorities., Majorities,  Hindu majority areas were with India &,  Muslim Majority areas were joined w, with Pakistan. But, There were many problems related to the process of Partition:1. There was No one area that have Muslim in Majority. But, There were many areas where Muslim w, were in majority. So it means “ Many Pieces would, done of India “ But Punjab (west)) & Bengal (East) :- East Pakistan & West Pakistan, 2. Some Muslim Majority area Leader such as Khan Gaffar Khan (Leader of North West Frontier, Province) Do Not Wanted to go with Pak., 3. The two big Muslim majority areas were also have Hindu & Sikh, Population so they were (Bengal & Punjab) were also divided into 2, parts., , 4