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oe Ot ae NES We, , , , , , , , Answer: (a) Non-tra, (e) Not a threat, , power and alliance, , Paper that is critical of the armed-forces in the country., ditional (b) Non-traditional !(c) Traditional id) Not a tl, , , , , 1. Traditional notion goes beyond, is concerned with | military by, the use of military, | threatening, war, balance of conditions, , necessary for, , , , the state and, its governing, institutions,, , building, human survival., 2 Traditional notion |2, It covers, is concerned with | broad aspect, , of security i.e., hunger diseases, ete., , , , '3. It is confined, to state only, , , , by thinking of but also all, internal and individuals or, external threats human kind., , only the state, , , , |4. Its main focus is, on force only to, , | achieve the target., , |, , |, , , , would the creation, Answer:, , , , 4,, , security, , It comprises, cooperation,, hence it protects, human or global, , , , , , ~ and sustenance of alliances belong to?, , , , , Creation and sustenance of alliances belong to traditional notion of security., , Q4. What are the differences in the threats that people in the third world face and those living, in the First World face?, , Answer: The threats are different in the third world and first world peoples because, changed, hence they face different security challenges.in the following manner:, , 1. The newly independent countries faced the military conflicts even with their neighbouring states,, 2. These countries faced threats not only from outside their borders, mostly from neighbours, but, also from within., , 3. Internally, new states worried about threats from separatist movements which wante, independent countries., , 4. Sometimes, the external and internal threats merged., 5. For the new states, external wars with neighbours and internal wars posed a seric, their security., , their regions at
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the use of military,, war, balance of, power and alliance, building,, , , , military by, threatening, conditions, necessary for, human survival., , , , 2. Traditional notion | 2. It covers, , is concerned with, the state and, , its governing, institutions,, , 3. It is confined, to state only, by thinking of, internal and, external threats, , broad aspect |, of security Le., hunger diseases, etc. &, , 3. It covers not, only the state, but also all, individuals or, human kind., , , , , , , , 4. Its main focus is, on force only to, , achieve the target., , , , 4, It comprises, cooperation,, hence it protects, human or global, security,
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QS. Is terrorism a traditional or non- traditional threat to security? ©, Answer: Terrorism is a non-traditional threat to wound the peace and order in the coy a, 1. Terrorism refers to political violence to target civilians deliberately and indiscriminatel, 2. Civilians are usually terrorised to be it as a Weapon against national government and of, in the conflict., , 3. Terrorism involves hijacking planes or planting bombs in trains, cafes, markets and, places., , 4. After a terrorist attack on World Trade Centre on 11 September 2001, the other gove, public also are paying more attention to terrorism., , Q6. What are the choices available to a state when its security is threatened, according to, traditional security perspective? - 4, Answer: Traditional security perspective emphasises on compromises to limit the violence by giving, following three choices to the state if its security is threatened: ; i ie, , 1. To surrender when actually confronted by war, but they will not advertise this as the policy of, country., , 2. To prevent the other side from attacking by promising to raise the costs of war to an unacceptable, level., , 3. To defend to protect itself when war actually breaks out so as to deny the attacking country its, objectives and to turn back or to defeat the attacking forces altogether, , 4. Hence, state’s security policy is to prevent war which is called deterrence and with limiting or, heading war called defence., , Q6. What are the choices available to a state when its security is threatened, according to, traditional security perspective?, , Answer: Traditional security perspective emphasises on compromises to limit the violence by giving, following three choices to the state if its security is threatened:, , 1. To surrender when actually confronted by war, but they will not advertise this as the policy of, country. c, , 2. To prevent the other side from attackin, level., , 3. To defend to protect itself when war actually breaks out so as to deny the attacking country its, objectives and to turn back or to defeat the attacking forces altogether, , 4. Hence, state’s security policy is to prevent war which is called deterrence and with limiting or, heading war called defence., , ig by promising to raise the costs of war to an unacceptable, , Q7. What is Balance of Power? How could a state achieve this?, Answer: ‘Balance of Power’ is a balance between bi, each other economically and technologically. A smal, war from bigger or powerful country. Hence, they m:, military power together with economic and technolo, , gger and smaller countries by cooperating with, ler country is always suspicious to break out a, aintain a balance of power to build up one’s, , gical power-to protect one’s Own security, , , , , Q8. What are the objectives of milita, alliance with its specific objectives., Answer: Objectives:, , 1. Alliance building is important component of traditional Security to threats t, and nations to deter or defend against military attacks, 5, , ry alliances? Give an example ofa functioning mili
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: me are formalised in written treaties and identification of who constitutes t, , ve Alli ces are formed to increase their effective power relative to another alliance., , Th ances are based on national interests and can change when national interest chan;, e US backed the Islamic militants in Afghanistan against the Soviet Union in 1980s,, , attacked them when Al-Qaeda, a group of Islamic militants, led by Osama Bin Laden launched —, , terrorist strikes against America on 11th September 2001., , , , Q9. Rapid environmental degradation is causing a serious threat to security. Do you a, , the statement? Substantiate your arguments., , Answer: Yes, we agree with the statement because in some situations one count 3, disproportionately bear the brunt of a global problem i.e. environmental degradation causing 4, Serious threat to security, for example, due to global warming, a sea level rise of 1.5-2.0 meters —, Would flood 20% of Bangladesh, inundate most of Maldives and threaten nearly half the population, of Thailand, Hence, international cooperation is vital due to global nature of these problems., , ry may have to, , Q10. Nuclear weapons as deterrence or defence have limited usage against contemporary, security threats to states. Explain the statement., , Answer: Nuclear weapons have limited usage due to arms-control method of cooperation. One of, the arms-control treaty was the Nuclear Non-proliferation Treaty (NPT) of 1968 to regulate the, acquisition of nuclear weapons. As per this treaty those countries that had fasted and manufactured, nuclear weapons before 1967 were allowed to keep their weapons and those that had not done so, were to give up the right to acquire them. The NPT did not abolish nuclear weapons rather it limited, , the number of countries that could have them., , Q11. Looking at the Indian scenario, what type of security has been given priority in India,, traditional or non-traditional? What examples could you cite to substantiate the arguments?, Answer: India has faced traditional (military) and non-traditional threats to its security that have, emerged from within as well as outside its borders. Its security strategy has four broad components i, e:, , 1. To strengthen its military capabilities because:, , (a) India has been involved in conflict with its neighbours as Pakistan in 1947-48,1965,1971 and, 1999 and China in 1962., , (b) In South Asian Region, India is, , surrounded by nuclear armed countries. Hence India’s decision to conduct nuclear test in 1998 was, justified to safeguard national security., , (c) India first tested nuclear device in 1974., , 2. To strengthen international norms and international institutions:, , (a) India’s first Prime Minister J.L. Nehru supported Asian solidarity, disarmament, decolonisation, and the UN as a forum to settle down international conflict., , (b) India took initiatives to bring about a universal and non- discriminatory non-proliferation regime, to enjoy some rights and obligations with respect to weapons of mass destruction., , (c) It used non-alignment to help to carve out an area of peace outside the blocs., , (d) India signed Kyoto Protocol in 1997 to be a part of roadmap for reducing the emissions of 3, greenhouse gases to check global warming., , 3. To meet security challenges within the country:, , (a) Several militant groups from areas such as Nagaland, Mizoram, Punjab, Kashmir have sought to _, , break away from India.
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(b) India makes efforts to preserve national unity by, Providing freedom of speec ', 4.To develop its economy, (a) India develops the way to lift vast m, Inequalities, , (b) A democratically elected government is su, development without any demarcation betwee, , adopting a democratic political system by *, , h and expression alongwith the right to vote., , , , ass of citizens out of poverty, misery and huge economic, , Pposed to combine economic growth with human, n the rich and the poor, , Very Short Answer Type Questions [1 Mark], , QL. Define security,, Answ er: Security is an essence for existence of human life to protect from threats either external or, internal, , Q2. What is meant by disarmament?, , Answer: Disarmament bounds states to ive up certain kinds of Weapons to avoid mass- destruction, through Signing various treaties., , Q3. Mention any two human rights in political field., Answer: 1. Freedom of speech and expression., 2. Freedom to assemble ina peaceful manner., , Q4. Define cooperative security,, , Answer: Cooperative security is the involvement of international cooperation depending on the, nature of the threat and the willingness and ability of countries to respond., , QS. Which is the greatest danger to a security as per traditional notion of security?, Answer: It is from military threats which lies in another country to endanger the core values of, sovereignty, independence and territorial integration of a country., , Q6. Why human security is more important in the contemporary world than territorial, security? weapon. It is a war against democracy and a crime against humanity:, , 1. Terrorism refers to political violence to target civilians deliberately and indiscriminately., 2. Civilians are targeted to be terrorised to use it as a weapon into this war., , 3. Even, the US superpower could not escape itself from terrorism and it became a global, phenomenon i.e. terrorist attack on World Trade Tower on 11th September 2001, , Answer: Human security is about the protection of people more than protection of states because,, during the last 100 years more people have been killed by their own governments than by foreign, armies:, , 1. Protecting citizens from foreign, , attack *, , 2. Security from violent threats, , 3. Security from threats to human dignity., , Q7. What is Global Security?, _ Answer: Global Security implies protection from threats which may have effect on people and states _, , , , globally. It emerged in 1990 to respond global warming, terrorism, health epidemics ete, _
