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WHY DID THE SOVIET UNION DISINTEGRATE?, 18, , How did the second most powerful country in the world, suddenly disintegrate ?, Neither is a polity broken for the first time nor, for the last time in the form, orm of the Soviet union., , This question is, necessary to, understand the, collapse of any, political system., , While there are unique features of the Soviet collapse:, collapse:1. There is no doubt that the, internal weaknesses of Soviet, political and economic institutions,, which failed to meet the, aspirations of the people., , Reason:, Reason:- Political,, Economic, conomic and Cultureal…, Role of Gorbachev’s, reforms and people, impact…., , Q. Why did the system become so weak and why did the economy stagnate?, Ans:- The Soviet economy used, much of its resources in, At the same time,, maintaining a nuclear and, ordinary citizens became more, knowledgeable about the, military arsenal and the, economic advance of tthe West., development of its satellite states, They could see the disparities, in Eastern Europe and within the, between their system and the, Soviet system (the five Central, systems of the West., Asian Republics in particular)., , After years of being told that the Soviet system was, better than Western capitalism, the reality of its, backwardness came as a political and psychological, shock.
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19, , USSR = Union of Soviet Socialist Republics., Created by :- 30 Dec.1922 ( Valadimir lenin) Bolshevik Communist party.(1917, party.(1917-1924), Disintegration:-26 Dec 1991., 1924:- Lenin, in died. ( Lenin wanted to bring Democracy in USSR.), After Lenin’s death “Joseph Stalin” and it turned out to be a dictator., , Tsar Nicholas- II Before 1917 (Russian Revelation) After, , Vladimir Lenin ( 1917-1924), Joseph Stalin (1924-1953), Nikita Khrushchev (1953-1964), Leonid Brezhnev (1964-1982), Yuri Andropov (1982-1984), Konstantin Cherenkov (1984-1985), Mikhail Gorbachev (1985-1991), Boris Yeltsin (1991-1999) (Russai), , Baltic state, , Joseph Stalin (1924 -1953), 1. Biggest dictator., 2. Parliament was built in Moscow.= Supreme soviet of the union ., 3. Single party implemented., 4. Formed a team of his own and members of that team would choose the new leader of, the USSR.= POLIBURO., 5. 1930s :- held responsible for the Great Terror of the1930s, authoritarian functioning, and elimination of rivals within the party. ( GULAG) {1,80,000 were locked in Gulag.}, 1953:- Joseph Stalin died., 1. Estonian, , dictator, CIS, , 2., 3., 4., 5., 6., 7., 8., 9., 10., 11., 12., 13., 14., 15., , Latvian, Lithuanian, Armenian, Azerbaijan, Byelorussian, Georgian, Kazakhstan, Moldavian, Russian, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Kyrgyzstan, Ukrainian, Uzbekisthan., , CIS implemented :- Sep 1993. (11+1) Member’s, 08 Dec 1991:1991: Belavezha Accords – Three Major, countries (Russai+ Belarus+Ukrain)., Belarus+, Disbanded., 21 Dec 1991 :- (Alma Ata Declaration), Gorbachev freed all the republics of the USSR., 25 Dec 1991:1991: Gorbachev resigned from the, USSR., 26 Dec.1991:Dec.1991: USSR Disintegration.
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The main reasons for the disintegration for the USSR., 20, , 1., 2., 3., 4., 5., 6., 7., 8., 9., 10., 11., , Dictatorship (1924 -1985), Space race ( Sputnik-1st satellite 1956, Yuri gayarin1961, laika dog 1957)., Arms race (26,000 nuclear weapons and booms, booms):- Tank , Army , SUBMARINE., UBMARINE., Cold war (1945-1991)., Bureaucracy., Economy, Soviet- Afghan war 1979 tto 1989 (150,00+50,000), Vietnam - USA war. (1, 1 November 1955 – 30 April 1975), Batter Education, 1989 Civil revolution in Russia, Russia. (Berlin wall), Gorbachev policy :- 1. Glassnost policy (media free )., 2. Pereestroika policy (voting system)., 3. Private, rivate property rule free ., , The Soviet Union had become stagnant in an administrative and political sense as well., The Communist Party that had ruled the Soviet Union for over 70 years was not, accountable to the people., What was worse was that partyy bureaucrats had more privileges than orddinary citizens., Gorbachev’s reforms promised to deal with these problems., In such a situation, you may w, wonder why then the soviet union broke up, u ?
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21, , The most basic answer seems to be that when Gorbachev carried out his reforms and, loosened the system,, he set in motion forces and expectations that few could have, predicted and became virtually impossible to control., -:- Even after all this, thhe Soviet Union would not have disintegraated. -:1. An incident shocked all thhe people of the Soviet Union and people were stunned., This event was the risse of nationalist sentiments and the desiree for sovereignty., Russia and Baltic reppublics :- (Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania), Ukraine,, Georgia, and others proved to be the final and most immediate cause for the, disintegration of the USSR, USSR.
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LEADERS OF THE SOVIET UNION, 1. Vladimir Lenin, , 23
