Page 1 :
CHAPTER 1, STATISTICS – SCOPE AND DEVELOPMENT, Study notes, , •, , The word ‘statistics’ have been derived from the Latin word ‘Status’ or the, Italian word ‘Statista’. The meaning of both these words are ‘political state’., , •, , Sir R A FISHER is known as the father of modern statistics., , Definition of Statistics, The most common definition of Statistics given by Croxton and Cowden is:, “Statistics can be defined as the collection, presentation and, interpretation of numerical data”., Functions of Statistics, 1., , Statistics simplifies complexity., , 2., , Statistics presents facts in a definite and precise form., , 3., , Statistics provides comparison., , 4., , Statistics enlarges human knowledge and experience., , 5., , Statistics helps in formulating policies, testing of hypothesis and, forecasting future events., , Scope and Importance of Statistics, Statistics has scope and importance mainly in the following fields., •, , Statistics and Planning, Planning is necessary for solving complexities and uncertainties in all walks, of life. In this age Statistics is an essential tool for planning., , Downloaded from www.statlive.blogspot.com
Page 2 :
•, , Statistics and Economics, Statistics has wide importance in Economics. Statistical data and techniques, have extremely large use in solving a variety of economic problems such as, analysis of time series determination of index numbers etc., , •, , Statistics and Industry, Statistics is widely used in ‘Quality control’. Statistical tools like control, charts, inspection plans etc are very much used in production engineering to, find whether a product is conforming to specifications or not., , •, , Statistics and Mathematics, Statistics and Mathematics are very closely related. Most of the statistical, techniques are the outcomes of wide application of advanced mathematics., , •, , Statistics and Medical Sciences, The statistical tools for the collection, presentation and analysis of observed, facts relating to the causes and incidence of diseases and the results, obtained from the use of various drugs and medicines are of greater, importance in the field of medical sciences. The efficacy of manufactured, drugs, injections and medicines are tested using appropriate statistical, techniques., , •, , Statistics, Psychology and Education, In education and Psychology, Statistics is widely used in the determination, of reliability and validity of a test, measuring intelligence quotient, factor, analysis etc., , Downloaded from www.statlive.blogspot.com
Page 3 :
•, , Statistics and Management Studies, Statistical analysis is used in providing information for making decisions in, the field of marketing, production, finance, banking, investment, purchasing, and accounting., , Limitations of Statistics, Even though Statistics has wide applications, it has some limitations. Some of, them are:, 1. Statistics has no role in cases where quantification is not possible. Fore, example, Statistics can not be directly used in studying beauty, courage,, intelligence etc. because they can not be quantified., 2. Statistics does not study individual items, but deals with aggregate., 3. Statistics are collected for a particular purpose. The data collected for a, particular purpose may not be relevant or useful in other situations., 4. Statistics are not 100% accurate., Misuse of Statistics, Statistics has misuses also. The various reasons of misuse are:, (i), , Sources of data not given, , (ii), , Using defective data, , (iii), , Unrepresentative samples, , (iv), , Inadequate sample, , (v), , Unfair comparisons, , (vi), , Unwanted conclusions, , (vii), , Inappropriate statistical tools., , Downloaded from www.statlive.blogspot.com
Page 4 :
Some Applied Areas of Statistics, Actuarial Science, Actuarial science is the discipline that applies mathematical and, statistical methods to asses risk in the insurance and finance sector. Actuarial science, applies the mathematics of probability and statistics to define, analyse and solve the, financial implications of uncertain future events., Biostatistics, Biostatistics is the application of statistical methods to the solution of, biological problems. It is also called biometry. The use of statistical methods are, constantly increasing in biological sciences. The development of biological theories are, closely associated with statistical methods. Biostatistics is used in physiology,, anatomy, pharmacology, medicine, community medicine and public health., Agricultural Statistics, Agricultural statistics is the applications of statistical principles and, methods in agriculture. Because of the variability inherent in agricultural data,, knowledge of statistics is necessary for their understanding and interpretation. The, agricultural investigations are based on the applications of statistical methods and, procedures which are helpful in testing hypotheses using observed data, making, estimation of parameters and in predictions., , Official Statistics, Ministry Of Statistics and Programme Implementation (MOSPI), MOSPI is an independent ministry under the central government. The current, Minister of MOSPI is Mr. Rao Inderjit Singh. The ministry has two wings – Statistics, Downloaded from www.statlive.blogspot.com
Page 5 :
and Programme implementation. The Statistics wing is also called National Statistical, Office (NSO). This wing contains the Central Statistical Office (CSO), the Computer, centre and National Sample Survey Office (NSSO)., The Programme implementation wing contains the following., •, , Twenty point programme., , •, , Infrastructure monitoring and project monitoring., , •, , MP local area development scheme., , Central Statistical Office (CSO), CSO is one of the branches of NSO. The CSO is responsible for the co-ordination, of statistical activities in the country and for developing and maintaining the, statistical standards. The activities of CSO are, compilation of National Accounts,, Conduct of annual surveys of Industries and Economic censuses, compilation of Index, of Industrial production as well as consumer price indices. CSO is located in New, Delhi. The industrial statistics wing of CSO is located in Kolkata. The Computer centre, under CSO is at New Delhi., National Sample Survey Office (NSSO), NSSO is the largest organisation in India, conducting regular socio-economic, surveys. NSSO has four divisions., 1., , Survey Design and Research Division (SDRD), , 2., , Field Operations Division (FOD), , 3., , Data Processing Division (DPD), , 4., , Co-ordination and Publication Division (CPD), , Downloaded from www.statlive.blogspot.com
Page 6 :
Indian Statistical Institute (ISI), Indian Statistical Institute (ISI) is an institution devoted to the research,, teaching and application of Statistics, Natural sciences and Social sciences. ISI was, founded by Prof. P C Mahalanobis. It is situated in Kolkata. Prof. P C Mahalanobis is, known as the father of Indian Statistics. His birth day, June 29 is celebrated as the, National Statistics Day in India. The journal of statistics published by ISI is SANKHYA., Economics and Statistics Department-Kerala, The Directorate of Economics and Statistics under the Government of Kerala is, the nodal agency of the state responsible for the systematic collection, compilation,, analysis, interpretation and dissemination of statistics relating to various sectors of, Kerala economy. It is the nerve centre of the state statistical system., , Downloaded from www.statlive.blogspot.com
