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CHAPTER, , , , Electrician Hand Tools, , , , Always prefer proper and good tools for the job of an electrician. By using improper and substandard brands, efficiency of the, electrician is greatly reduced. It means that tools of good and standard quality should always be preferred., , ‘There are the following main tools which are generally used by an electrician., , 1., , , , , , , , , , Pliers : The various types of pliers are as follows :, (a) Combination plier : It is used for cutting, gripping, twisting and holding the, , wires ete. This plier is used for many operations so it is called combination, , plier. The size of a plier varies from 150mm and 200mm. These are of two, , types. har ,, , 5 bination Plier, (i) Insulated plier Fig 1. Combin, (ii) Un-insulated plier., , (6) Flat nose plier : Its nose is flat so it is called flat nose plier. This can be used for holding, twisting and drawing the, , winding from the stator of motor. Its size varies from 100 mm and 150 mm., (c) Round nose plier ; It is used for making the ends of wires round. Its nose or jaws are round so it is called round nose, , plier. Its size varies from 100 mm and 150 mm., , Fig. 2. Flat Nose Plier Fig. 3. Round Nose Plier, , (@) Long nose plier : Its nose is long and round from outside so it is called long nose plier. It is used for loosening and, , tightening small nuts and bolts. It is available in 100 mm and 150 mm., (e) Side cutting plier : It is used for cutting the wires and for removing their insulation. It is generally used for radio and, , winding work. It is available in 100 mm and 150 mm sizes., , Fig 4. Long Nose Plier Fig. 5. Side Cutting Plier, , Screw Driver : It is used for loosening and tightening the wooden or machine ., serew. The sizeof the srew driver depends on the length ofits blade or shank. It FO%* B® Shark Ferpule, Hance, is made of carbon steel and has a hardened and tampered edge. It is available in, different sizes such as 100 mm, 150 mm, 200 mm, 250 mm, ete. Length of Screw Drive?, The smaller sizes of screw drivers are used for tightening and loosening the small C =, serews of electrical accessories etc. are known as connector screw drivers. These 6, , are available in 50 mm and 75 mm sizes., , Fig. 6. Screw Driver, 26, , , , Scanned with CamScanner

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Electrician Hand Tools < 27, , Types of serew drivers :, , (a) Flat screw driver (Light and heavy duty) (b) Ratched screw driver, (c) Carpenter screw driver {d) Philps screw driver, (€) Double ended off set screw driver,, , 3. Hammer : It is used for riveting, chipping, clipping the wooden batten etc, It is, generally made of steel or cast steel with tampered face and peen, An eclipse shaped, hole is made for fixing the handle on it. These are of two types: ', , (@) Power hammer, , (6) Hand hammer Fig. 7 (A). Ball Peen Hammer, Power hammer is used for forging the heavy jobs. :, , H ri ing cli, and hammer is used for fixing clips, making gutties hole in wall, rivetting, Purpose ete. It has following main parts:, , (@) Pane, (i) Face, (iii) Eye hole, (iv) Handle, (v lead, (vi) Wedge,, it) Cl X ", (9 0 (iv) le, (v) Head, ( ig, The various types of hand hammers are as follows: ee, , ea oe Ball peen hammer, (B) Cross peen hammer, (C) Straight peen Face, mer, (D) Flat peen hammer, (E) Claw hammer, (F) Sledge hammer. Fig. 7 (B). Cross Peen Hammer, , Generally ball peen hammer is used and easily available according to its weight —-+, , 200 gms, 250 gms, 500 gms, | kg, 2 kg and so on., , 4. Saw : The various types of saws are as follows :, , (a) Tenon saw : It is used for cutting wooden wiring materials such as boards, round blocks, casing capping etc. It is in, rectangular shape and a strip is fitted at the top edge of the blade to keep the blade straight while sawing. The sizes, of the tenon saw depend upon the length of the blade which varies from 200 mm to 300 mm., , (6) Hand saw : It is used for cutting wood, planks, etc. Its front portion is narrow in comparison to its back portion. The, size of the hand saw depends upon the Jength of the blade which varies from 200 mm to 300 mm. Its teeth are bigger, than that of a tenon saw, ,, , ez, , Fig. 8. Tenon Saw Fig. 9. Hand Saw, , Wooden Handle, , , , , , , , Wedge Handle, , , , , , 5. Hacksaw : It is used for cutting conduit pipe and Gi. pipe. Its frame is either adjustable or fixed and is made of mild steel., The blade of hacksaw is made of high carbon steel, tungston steel or high speed steel. It is hardened and tampered. The width, of the blade is usually 12 mm and the thickness is 0.6 mm. It has different teeth 18, 24 and 30 teeth per inch. The blade, is kept straight while sawing otherwise it will break. It is available according to the size of the blade such as 200 mm,, 250 mm and 300 mm. It has five parts namely the frame, blade, handle, fly nut and prong., , Hacksaw frames are of two types :, , (a) Fixed hacksaw frame (b) Adjustable hacksaw frame, , Solid frame Handle, ', , Prongs ., L—, , Blade Tightening x, Nut, , , , (b) Adjustable Hacksaw Frame, , (a) Fixed Hacksaw Frame, Fig. 10., , , , : Scanned with CamScanner

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6., , 10., , 11., , 12., , 14., , , , ical lik w driver. It is used, ade is cylindrical like @ sere, ad the rest of the blade ae available in length 150. mm, 200 mm,, , d block, ete. for screws., , Basic Electrical Engineering, , Pocker or Brodwal : It is a pointed tip with flat sides a, for making pilot holes in the wooden batten, board, roun', , Fig. 11. Pocker, Gimlet: It is used for making holes in all the types of wooden artic! s, Its forehead is threaded and part of the length is identical to a twist drill, driver. The diameter varies in steps of 3 mm to 25 mm. 4, ed drill bit, , Drill Machine : It is used for making holes in wood and metal. A twist, is fitted in the drill-chuck upto 12 mm. It is of two types:, , (a) Hand drill machine, Fig. 13. Hand Drill Machine, , (4) Electric drill machine, (a) Hand Drill Machine : The machine is operated with hand so it is known as, hand drill machine or portable drill machine. It is used to make holes in wood, of hand, , by fixing bit. It is available in 6 mm and 12 mm. There are many types, , ete., , , , ig. 12. Gimlet :, . 5 hs and different diameters., A s cylindrical like a screw, , Jes. Its size varies i, , | and rest of the portion i, , drill machines:, (i) Breast drill machine, (ii) Ratchet brace hand drill machine., (iif) Pneumatic hand drill machine., Electric Drill Machine: It is also used for making holes in the wooden and metal. ., The machine is operated by electricity, so it is called as electric drill machine. The Fig. 14. Electric Drill Machine, speed of the machine is very high so it easier to make holes. The drill bits of, different sizes can be changed with the help of jaw. The drill bits in the jaw can be tightened, , , , or loosened with the key. These, , are of two types:, (4) Light duty electric drill machine, , (ii) Heavy duty electric drill machine., Fixed Drill Machine: These types of machines are installed at fixed place. Different types of fixed drill machines are:, , (B) Pillar type drill machine, , (A) Bench drill machine, (C) Radial type drill machine (D) Gang drill machine, (E) Column type drill machine Oo, Firmer Chisel : It is used for scrapping, chipping and grooving the wooden jobs. bee, It is made of carbon steel or tool steel and forehead is very sharp, the edge is plane, Fig. 15. Firmer Chisel, , from one side and has an angle of 45° to the other side. The size varies and is, measured from the width of the blade. It is available in different sizes such as 6 mm,, , 12 mm, 20 mm, 25 mm, etc., Cold Chisel : It is used for making a hole and channelling in concrete and masonry work. It is made of carbon steel. Its, edges make an angle of 30° or 45° with both the sides and is well tempered, For better gripping, its body is made in octagonal, , shape. It is available in different sizes such as 100 mm, 150 mm and 200 mm long, and its width as 12 m, 18 m and 25 mm. These are of following types: (a) Flat CS), Chisel, (b) Cross Cut Chisel, (c) Half Round Nose Chisel, (@) Diamond Point, , Fig. 16. Cold Chisel, , Chisel, (e) Side Cut Chisel, (f) Web Chisel., Hot Chisel : It is used for cutting iron sheets and its length is usually 100 mm., , Files: These are made of high carbon steel. It has number of small teeth on its surface for di, files are classified into five categories depending upon size, shape, cuts and grade,, , ferent work during filing. The, , , , Scanned with CamScanner

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Electrician Hand Tools < 29, , (@) Flat file: is parallel to 2/3rd of its length and then tapered, It has crisscross, on both faces and at both edges,, , (b) Square file: It is also parallel to 2/3rd of its length and then tapered. All the, sides having double crisscross, It is used for filing corners and rectangular, holes where flat file cannot be used., , (c) Round file: It is round in shape. It is used for increasing the diameter of a hole, and removing the burrs of the conduit pipe. It is continuously tapered,, , (d) Half round file: One side of the file is half round and other side is flat so it, is called half round file. It can be used as a flat file and round file also., , (e) Triangular file: It is used for sharpening the teeth of hand saw, tenon saw,, etc. It has a square cross-section and its shape is like a triangle., , Note: The size of all the above mentioned files are taken excluding their handles and Fig. 17. Files, they are available in different sizes such as 150 mm, 200 mm, 250 mm, 300 mm, etc., File can be classified into five different types according to the cut of its teeth:, , (a) Single cut file (6) Double cut file (c) Rasp cut file, , (@) Curved cut file (e) Spiral cut file, , 15. Standard Wire Gauge : It is made of thin steel sheet having a number of slots with marking on its circumference. The slots, are made of different sizes according to their diameter. It is used for measuring the gauge and wire number., , 0, 0, o, D, >, oO, , , , , , 3, %, *3 Standard, , *,, Wire Gage 3, “ a, , i ‘¢, 229 79 29 20%, , , , , , Fig. 18. Standard Wire Gauge, , 16. Try Square: It consists of two straight blades set at right angles to each other. Its blade is made of thin mild steel or carbon, steel and stock is made of aluminium, steel or cast iron. It is used in house wiring to check whether the joints are plain and, perpendicular. It is available in length such as 150 mm and 200 mm., , , , Fig. 19. Try Square Fig. 20. Electrician Knife, , 17, Electrician Knife : It is used for removing the insulation of wires. It has two folding blades, one for cleaning the wires, and other for removing the insulation. The size is generally 50mm., , , , , , , , 18. Line Tester : It is used for testing the presence of supply in the [nam f, switches and sockets etc. in electrical circuits. Line tester is —==> Screwdtiver, available in volts as 500 V and 1000 V. It consists of glass tube (| SoS3-—————, containing two electrodes and neon gas in it. A high resistance oe Test pen, is connected with the neon lamp in series with supply. Fig. 21; Line Tester, , Scanned with CamScanner

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30 > Ba. r, ‘Sic Electrical Engineering for the particular J b for wl has, dle driven by & rod. It is used for, , . of different types, each, 12: wes ® The vives are used for holding the objects. These are of different (Ps, eer 7 :, n designed. cans of a spin to 150mm. Its body and jaws, , (@) Bench vice : tt is also called parallel jaw vice whi lable from 75 indle is made of mild stecl,, , Beneral work for holding different objects. According to LS.L. itis avOT! NT 1 pi, are made of cast iron and plates of hard steel are fitted on the jaws, , ich are opened by m\, L., it is avall, , Fig. 24. Hand Vice, , Fig. 23. Pipe Vice, etc. Its jaws are of "V" shape which, jaw is made of cast iron and handle, , , , Fig. 22. Bench Vice, , (8) Pipe vice : It is used for holding the round objects like the conduit pipe, GI. pipe,, hold the round object firmly while cutting and threading the pipes. Its body and, , is made of mild steel. it, (c) Line vice : It is used by line man while working on the over head lines for holding the wires., , (4) Machine vice : It is used for holding the jobs on machine for cleaning purposes. ; anaes, © Leg vice : It is used for heavy work and very commonly used by the black smith for holding the object during, , hammering., () Hand vice: It is used for holding small objects for filing and clamping materials during certain works such as holding, , britannia joints and western union joints., (g) Pin vice: It is a type of small vice. Its jaw is similar to drill chuck. It is used for holding pin ete. by the watch makers, , and is also used in the instrument section. The size of the vice varies according to the job., , BB, , 20: Soldering Iron: It is used for soldering the wires in electrical circuits and small joints with the help of solder and flux. These, are available in different wattage such as 25W, 40W, 65W and 125W/230-250V., , SS, , Fig. 27. Rawl Plug Tool, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , Fig. 25. Pin Vice, , There are two types of soldering iron :, (a) Ordinary soldering iron, (6) Electric soldering iron, , , , Fig. 26. Soldering Iron, 21. Rawl Plug Tool: The tool has two parts one tool is bit and other tool holder. The bit is, j in different numbers according to the size of the plugs used. It is used for making holes, plugs or PVC plugs are inserted in them to fix the wooden batten or casing capping fo, , made of carbon steel and available, in bricks and concrete walls. Fibre, fixing it, screws are driven in the, , gs which cause the plug to expand and grip the wall. While using the tool it should be Totated slowly after hammering., , a bit is available according to numbers such as 8, 10, 12 and 14 numbers,, , , , Scanned with CamScanner