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www.ncrtsolutions.in, , NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English First Flight, Unit 11, The Proposal Class 10, Unit 11 The Proposal Exercise Answers & Summary, , Thinking about languagethinking about the play : Solutions of Questions on Page Number, : 157, Q1 :, , 1.This play has been translated into English from the Russian original. Are there, any expressions or ways of speaking that strike you as more Russian than, English? For example, would an adult man be addressed by an older man as my, darling or my treasure in an English play?, Read through the play carefully, and find expressions that you think are not used, in contemporary English, and contrast these with idiomatic modern English, expressions that also occur in the play., 3. Look up the following phrases in a dictionary to find out their meaning, and, then use each in a sentence of your own., (i) You may take it that, (ii) He seems to be coming round, (iii) My foot's gone to sleep, Answer :, 1. Expressions not used in contemporary English, 1. “my darling”, “my beauty”, “my precious”, “my angel”, “my beloved” (here, an older, man is addressing an adult man), 2. “...and so on...” (here, it is used after a sentence in order to complete it), 3. “...and all that sort of thing.” (not explaining what it is, just leaving it as it is), 4. “...and all that.” (again leaving the sentence as it is), 5. “the scarecrow”, “the stuffed sausage”, “the wizen-faced frump” (In this way, they, hurled insults at each other), 6. “And how may you be getting on?” (Here, Lomov is asking Chubukov about his wellbeing), , Material Downloaded From http://www.ncrtsolutions.in

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www.ncrtsolutions.in, Modern English expressions, 1. “Madam”, “my heart”, “honoured Natalya Stepanovna” (used by Lomov for Natalya), 2. “Honoured Stepan Stepanovitch” (used by Lomov for Chubukov), 3. “I beg your pardon...”, 4. “My dear fellow” (Chubukov addressing Lomov), 5. “malicious, double-faced intriguer”, “fool” (Chubukov insulting Lomov), 3. (i)You may take it that I am lying, but in fact it will help you in the long run., (ii) He seems to be coming round after the trauma of his father's death., (iii) After the three hour long yoga session, my foot's gone to sleep., , Q2 :, , What does Chubukov at first suspect that Lomov has come for? Is he sincere, when he later says “And I've always loved you, my angel, as if you were my own, son”? Find reasons for your answer from the play., Answer :, At first, Chubukov suspected that Lomov had come to borrow money. He was not, sincere when he told Lomov that he had always loved him and that he was like his own, son. He had decided that he would not give Lomov any money if he tried borrowing from, him. If he truly meant what he had said, then he would not have thought of not giving, him money. He said so only because Lomov had come with the proposal to marry his, daughter., , Q3 :, , Chubukov says of Natalya: "... as if she won't consent! She's in love; egad, she's, like a lovesick cat…" Would you agree? Find reasons for your answer., Answer :, Chubukov thought that Lomov was a good marriage prospect for his daughter. He had, been waiting for this proposal. When Lomov expressed his doubt regarding Natalya's, consent to the proposal, Chubukov immediately told him that she was in love with him., However, this was not true. Natalya did not seem to be in love with Lomov at any point, in the play. It seemed like she was more attached to her land, meadows and dogs than, , Material Downloaded From http://www.ncrtsolutions.in

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www.ncrtsolutions.in, to Lomov. In fact, the way they kept getting into arguments about trivial matters, suggests that neither Lomov nor Natalya was in love with the other., , Thinking about language : Solutions of Questions on Page Number : 158, Q1 :, , You mush have noticed that when we report someone's exact words, we have to, make some changes in the sentence structure. In the following sentences fill in, the blanks to list the changes that have occurred in the above pairs of sentences., One has been done for you., 1. To report a question, we use the reporting verb asked(as in Sentence Set 1)., 2. To report a declaration, we use the reporting verb __________., 3. The adverb of place here changes to ___________., 4. When the verb in direct speech is in the present tense, the verb in reported, speech is in the ______________ tense (as in Sentence Set 3)., 5. If the verb in direct speech is in the present continuous tense, the verb in, reported speech changes to ______________tense. For example, ____________, changes to was getting., 6. When the sentence in direct speech contains a word denoting respect, we add, the adverb _______________in the reporting clause (as in Sentence Set 1)., 7.The pronouns I, me, ourand mine, which are used in the first person in direct, speech, change to third person pronouns such as____________, ___________,, ___________ or __________in reported speech., Answer :, 1.To report a question, we use the reporting verb asked., 2. To report a declaration, we use the reporting verb declared., 3. The adverb of place herechanges to there., 4. When the verb in direct speech is in the present tense, the verb in reported speech is, in the pasttense., 5. If the verb in direct speech is in the present continuous tense, the verb in reported, speech changes to past continuoustense. For example, am getting changes to was, getting., 6. When the sentence in direct speech contains a word denoting respect, we add the, adverb respectfullyin the reporting clause., , Material Downloaded From http://www.ncrtsolutions.in

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www.ncrtsolutions.in, 7. The pronouns I, me, our and mine, which are used in the first person in direct speech,, change to second person pronouns such as he/she, him/her, their or his/hersin reported, speech., , Q2 :, , Here is an excerpt from an article from the Times of India dated 27 August 2006., Rewrite it, changing the sentences in direct speech into reported speech. Leave, the other sentences unchanged., “Why do you want to know my age? If people know I am so old,I won't get work!”, laughs 90-year-old A. K. Hangal, one of Hindi cinema's most famous character, actors. For his age, he is rather energetic. “What's the secret?” we ask. “My, intake of everything is in small quantities. And I walk a lot,” he replies. “I joined, the industry when people retire. I was in my 40s. So I don't miss being called a, star. I am still respected and given work, when actors of my age are living in, poverty and without work. I don't have any complaints,” he says, adding, “but, yes, I have always been underpaid.” Recipient of the Padma Bhushan, Hangal, never hankered after money or materialistic gains. “No doubt I am content today,, but money is important. I was a fool not to understand the value of money, earlier,” he regrets., Answer :, 90-year-old A.K. Hangal, one of Hindi cinema's most famous character actors,, laughingly asked why we wanted to know his age. If people knew he was that old, he, would not get work. For his age, he is rather energetic. We asked him what the secret, was. He replied that his intake of everything was in small quantities and he walked a lot., He said that he had joined the industry when people retired. He had been in his 40s. So, he did not miss being called a star. He was still respected and given work, when actors, of his age were living in poverty and without work. He said he did not have any, complaints, adding that he had always been underpaid. Recipient of the Padma, Bhushan, Hangal never hankered after money or materialistic gains. He said that no, doubt he was content at present, but money was important. He said regretfully that he, was a fool not to understand the value of money before., house to house. What does she ask for? Does she get it? Why not?, Answer :, When Kisa Gotami's son died, she went from house to house, asking if she could get, some medicine that would cure her child., No, she did not get it because her child was dead and no medicine could have brought, him back to life., , Material Downloaded From http://www.ncrtsolutions.in

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www.ncrtsolutions.in, , Q2 :, Kisa Gotami again goes from house to house after she speaks with the Buddha., What does she ask for, the second time around? Does she get it? Why not?, Answer :, When she met the Buddha, he asked her to get a handful of mustard seeds from a, house where no one had lost a child, husband, parent, or friend. She went from house, to house, but could not get the mustard seeds because there was not a single house, where no one had died in the family., , Q3 :, What does Kisa Gotami understand the second time that she failed to understand, the first time? Was this what the Buddha wanted her to understand?, Answer :, Kisa Gotami understood the second time that death is common to all and that she was, being selfish in her grief. There was no house where some beloved had not died., Yes, this was what the Buddha wanted her to understand., , Q4 :, Why do you think Kisa Gotami understood this only the second time? In what, way did the Buddha change her understanding?, Answer :, Kisa Gotami understood that death is common to all and that she was being selfish in, her grief. She understood this only the second time because it was then that she found, that there was not a single house where some beloved had not died., First time round, she was only thinking about her grief and was therefore asking for a, medicine that would cure her son. When she met the Buddha, he asked her to get a, handful of mustard seeds from a house where no one had died. He did this purposely to, make her realize that there was not a single house where no beloved had died, and that, death is natural. When she went to all the houses the second time, she felt dejected that, she could not gather the mustard seeds. Then, when she sat and thought about it, she, realized that the fate of men is such that they live and die. Death is common to all. This, was what the Buddha had intended her to understand., , Material Downloaded From http://www.ncrtsolutions.in

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www.ncrtsolutions.in, , Q5 :, How do you usually understand the idea of 'selfishness'? Do you agree with Kisa, Gotami that she was being 'selfish in her grief'?, Answer :, 'Selfishness' means being concerned only about one's own interests and showing, complete disregard for others welfare. Yes, it can be said that Kisa Gotami was being, 'selfish in her grief'. In the light of her tragedy, she was unable to see that death is, something that strikes all things living. In this sense, she was selfish. However, for every, person, his/her tragedy is something personal and it prevents him/her from looking at, the tragedy from a universal or general point of view. If we take the usual sense of the, word 'selfish', then calling Kisa Gotami selfish would be inappropriate, because every, person becomes selfish in his/her grief., , Thinking about language : Solutions of Questions on Page Number : 136, Q1 :, This text is written in an old-fashioned style, for it reports an incident more than, two millennia old. Look for the following words and phrases in the text, and try to, rephrase them in more current language, based on how you understand them., , , give thee medicine for thy child, , , , Pray tell me, , , , Kisa repaired to the Buddha, , , , there was no house but someone had died in it, , , , kinsmen, , , , Mark!, , Answer :, 1. Give you medicine for your child, 2. Please tell me, 3. Kisa went to the Buddha, 4. There was no house where no one had died, 5. Relatives, 6. Listen, , Material Downloaded From http://www.ncrtsolutions.in

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www.ncrtsolutions.in, , Q2 :, You know that we can combine sentences using words like and, or, but,, yet and then. But sometimes no such word seems appropriate. In such a case, was can use a semicolon (;) or a dash (-) to combine two clauses., She has no interest in music; I doubt she will become a singer like her mother., The second clause here gives the speaker's opinion on the first clause., Here is a sentence from the text that uses semicolons to combine clauses. Break, up the sentence into three simple sentences. Can you then say which has a better, rhythm when you read it, the single sentence using semicolons, or the three, simple sentences?, For there is not any means by which those who have been born can avoid dying;, after reaching old age there is death; of such a nature are living beings., Answer :, The single sentence using semicolons has a better rhythm. This is because the three, parts of the sentence are connected to each other in their meanings. The second clause, gives further information on the first clause. The third clause is directly related to both, the first and the second. Their meanings are better conveyed when they are joined by, semicolons., , Material Downloaded From http://www.ncrtsolutions.in