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Geological Time Scale, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , a, PERIOD | EPOCH/ AGE Sat Wes GS, Today Ice Age ends, Holocene Ray Himnaar are dominant, Quaternary Pleisi ° Earliest Humans appear, leistocene 16 Ice Age begins, Pliocene ee Hominids (human ancestors) appear, Miocene e 7 Grass becomes widespread, Tertiary Oligocene en 6 Mammals are dominant, Eocene 57 8 Eocene — Oligocene extinction event, Paleocene a: First large mammals appear, Extinction ’ K-T extinction event, of Earth looks closer to present-day, Dinosaurs Te Flowering plants appear, First Birds appear, Pangaea splits into Laurasia, Gondwanna, — 208 — Dinosaurs are dominant, Pangaea cracks, Triassic First Pint Gamma appear, Dinosaurs 5 Reptiles are dominant, Poon Age of Permian — Triassic extinction event, Amphibians 286 Pangaea forms, First reptiles appear, Carboniferous | First large cartlgimees febes appear, Age of aD Late Devonian extinction event, Devonian First land animals appear, Fishes a8 First amphibians appear, First land plants appear, Silurian First jawed fishes appear, —43¢— First insects appear, Ordovician — Silurian extinction event, Ordovician ge of First vertebrates appear, — 505 —, Invertebrates End Botomian extinction, Cambrian First fungi appear, Trilobites are dominant