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Psychoactive, Substance Use, Disorder, Prepared and Presented, by, Mr. DEEPAK SHARMA, Assistant Professor
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DEFINITION OF SUBSTANCE, USE DISORDER, Psychoactive Substance Use Disorder is a, condition in which the use of one or more, substance leads to a clinically significant, impairment or distress
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Definition of psychoactive, Substance Abuse, Substance Abuse means any, Substance that induces, pleasurable effects and, leads to addiction.
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Classification, , According to ICD-10 classification, F10 – F19: mental and behavioral disorder due to psychoactive, substance use, , , , , , , , F10 :mental and behavioral disorder due to use of alcohol, F11 : mental and behavioral disorder due to use of opioids, F12 : mental and behavioral disorder due to use of cannabinoids, F13 : mental and behavioral disorder due to use of sedatives or hypnotics, F14 :mental and behavioral disorder due to use of cocaine, F16 : mental and behavioral disorder due to use of hallucinogens.
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Mental and Behavioural Disorders Due, to Psychoactive Substance Use, Disorders due to use of:, 1., Alcohol (Beers, Wine), 2., Opioids (Opium, Brown Sugar. Heroin, Codeine, Cough, Syrups etc), 3., Cannabis ( Bhang, Ganja, Charas etc.), 4., Cocaine, 5., Stimulants (caffeine in tea/ coffee etc), 6., Tranquilizers ( Sleeping Pills), 7., Tobacco, 8., Volatile solvents (Petroleum product like Petrol, Paints., Polishes etc.), 9., Others.
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Usual Route of Administration of Drugs, Alcohol---------- Oral, Opioids--------- Oral, Smoking, Parenteral, Cannabis-------- Smoking, Oral, Cocaine---------- Inhalation, Oral , Smoking, , Volatile Solvents-------- Inhalation., Benzodiazepines------- Oral , Parenteral, Tobacco-------------- Oral, Smoking
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Mental and Behavioural Disorders, Due to Psychoactive Substance Use, Specific Clinical Conditions:, Acute intoxications, Harmful use, Dependence syndrome, Withdrawal state, , Withdrawal state with delirium
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Acute Intoxication, A transient condition following the administration, of psychoactive substance resulting in disturbances, in level of consciousness, cognition, perception,, affect or behaviour, or other psycho-physiological, functions and responses.
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Harmful Use, The damage may be physical and/or mental., Continued Drug Use despite awareness of harmful, medical and social effects of drug being used.
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Dependence Syndrome, (Addiction), a) A strong desire or sense of compulsion to take the, substance („craving“), b) Difficulties in controlling substance-taking, c) Withdrawal characteristic for the substance, d) Evidence of tolerance, e) Progressive neglect of pleasures and interests, f) Persisting with substance use despite clear evidence, of overtly harmful consequences
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Withdrawal State, If the drug is stopped and reduced, the users suffers from a set of, symptoms.
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Withdrawal State with Delirium, Delirium tremens – Clouding of consciousness with, disorientation , poor attention span and distractibility,, hallucination and illusions, psychomotor agitation, Insomnia,, Dehydration etc., Prodromal symptoms: insomnia, nausea, vomiting, weakness,, irritability,, anxiety,, tremor,Sweating,, diarrhea,, hypertension,raised body temperature, fear etc.
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Etiological Factors of Substance, Use Disorders, =Genetic Factors, = Co-morbid psychiatric Disorders e.g Personality, Disorders., = Co-morbid Medical Condition, = Biochemical Factors, = Curiosity, = Poor Impulse Control, = Low self-esteem, = Childhood Trauma, = Poor Stress management, = Peer Pressure
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Etiological Factors CONT’D, = Modeling, = Ease of availability, = Family Conflict, = Religious reason, = Poor Social/ Family support, = Permissive Social attitudes, = Rapid Urbanization etc.
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Major Complication of, Substance Use, Fatty Liver, Liver Cirrhosis/ failure, Hepatitis,, Gastritis, Delirium tremens, Rum fits,, Alcoholic hallucinosis, Jealousy, suicide,, Head injury, Sexual dysfunction, Accident,, Marital disharmony, Divorce, Occupational, problems, Criminality, Financial difficulties, etc.
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Substance Abuse: Why, 1., , AVAILABILITY., , 2. SOCIAL NORMS., 3. GENETIC ASPECTS., 4. PERSONALITY ASPECT., 5. INTERPERSONAL PROBLEMS., 6. DAILY HASSLES., 7. LIFE EVENTS.
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TREATMENT, The aim of substance abuse treatment is the help the drug, abuser to stop the use of specified drugs., 1. Detoxification:- Refers to the process of stopping the drugs, of abuse and living through the withdrawal symptoms., , 2. Relapse Prevention:- Planning for implementation a, comprehensive program to ensure that after completing the, detoxification the person does not go back to using the, specified drugs even in future e.g. Medical, Psychological and, Social rehabilitation.
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TREATMENT CONT’D, 3. Motivation:- Empathy, Education, Encouragement., 4. Behaviour Therapy:- Aversion therapy, relaxation training, self, control skill, positive reinforcement etc., , 5.Psychotherapy:- Supportive psychotherapy., 6. Group Therapy:, 7. Family Therapy:, 8. Self Help Group:
