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INTRODUCTION, Directorate General of Training (DGT) in Ministry of Skill, Development & Entrepreneurship is an apex organization for, development and coordination of the vocational training including, Women's Vocational Training of the employable youth in the country, and to provide skilled manpower to the economy., DGT affiliated institutions offers a wide range of training courses, catering to the needs of different segments in the Labor market. Courses, are available for school leavers, ITI pass outs, ITI instructors, industrial, workers, technicians, junior and middle level executives,, supervisors/foremen, women, physically disabled persons and SC/STs., It also conducts training oriented research and develops, instructional media packages for the use of trainees and instructors etc., , DGT acts a secretariat and implementing arm of National, Council for Vocational Training (NCVT).
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ITI Fitter is a 2-year course approved by the NCVT (National, Council for Vocational Training). The Fitter ITI trade details are related to, the mechanical branch. In this course, the candidates will be able to get, the knowledge about fittings like Pipe fittings, Machine fitting, and, structure fittings. In easy words, one can say that a technician who puts, together or installs Machinery, plants, machines, and other mechanical, products is called a Fitter. If the candidates have also seen a plant being, built or a machine installed, then they must have seen how a fitter, works to connect each part with perfection., The demand for the work of ITI Fitter is too high in the Public, and Private sector. The candidates will be able to pursue higher, education at the Bachelor's Degree or any other higher qualification in, India or abroad. Not only this, but one will also be equipped to start, your own business in this field.
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SAFETY, Generally accidents do not happen; they are caused. Most, accidents are avoidable. A good craftsman, having a knowledge of, various safety precautions, can avoid accidents to himself and to his, fellow workers and protect the equipment from any damage. To achieve, this, it is essential that every person should follow safety procedure., Safety in a workshop can be broadly classified into 3 categories., , • General safety, • Personal safety, • Machine safety, GENERAL SAFETY, 1., 2., 3., 4., , Keep the floor and gangways clean and clear., Move with care in the workshop, do not run., Don't leave the machine which is in motion., Don't touch or handle any equipment/ machine unless, authorized to do so.
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5. Don't walk under suspended loads., 6. Don't cut practical jokes while on work., 7. Use the correct tools for the job., 8. Keep the tools at their proper place., 10. Wipe out split oil immediately., 11. Replace worn out or damaged tools immediately., 12. Never direct compressed air at yourself or at your co-worker., 13. Ensure adequate light in the workshop., 14. Clean the machine only when it is not in motion., 15. Sweep away the metal cuttings., 16. Know everything about the machine before you start it., , PERSONAL SAFETY, 1., 2., 3., 4., 5., 6., , Wear a one piece overall or boiler suit., the overall buttons fastened., Don't use ties and scarves., Roll up the sleeves tightly above the elbow., Wear safety shoes or boots, Cut the hair short.
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7. Don't wear a ring, watch or chain., 8. Never lean on the machine., 9. Don't clean hands in the coolant fluid., 10. Don't remove guards when the machine is in motion., 11. Don't use cracked or chipped tools., 12. Don't start the machine until, − the workpiece is securely mounted, − the feed machinery is in the neutral, − the work area is clear., 13. Don't adjust clamps or holding devices while the machine, is in motion., 14. Never touch the electrical equipment with wet hands., 15. Don't use any faulty electrical equipment., 16. Ensure that electrical connections are made by an, authorised electrician only., 17. Concentrate on your work.Have a calm attitude., 18. Do things in a methodical way.
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19. Don't engage yourself in conversation with others while, concentrating on your job., 20. Don't distract the attention of others., 21. Don't try to stop a running machine with hands., , MACHINE SAFETY, 1. Switch off the machine immediately if something goes wrong., 2. Keep the machine clean., 3. Replace any worn out or damaged accessories, holding, devices, nuts, bolts etc as soon as possible., 4. Do not attempt operating the machine until you know how, to operate it properly., 5. Do not adjust tool or the workpiece unless the power is off., 6. Stop the machine before changing the speed., 7. Disengage the automatic feeds before switching off., 8. Check the oil level before starting the machine., 9. Never start a machine unless all the safety guards are in position., 10. Take measurements only after stopping the machine.
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11. Use wooden planks over the bed while loading and, unloading heavy jobs., , SOFT SKILLS, Soft skills - refer to the cluster of personality traits, social graces,, facility with language, personal habits, friendliness, and optimism that, mark people to varying degrees. The same can also be defined as-ability, to interact communicate positively & productively with others., Sometimes called “character skills”., , COMMON SOFT SKILLS, • Strong work ethic, • Positive attitude, • Good communication skills, • Interpersonal skills, • Time management abilities, • Problem-solving skills
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• Team work, • Initiative, Motivation, • Self-confidence, • Loyalty, • Ability to accept and learn from criticism, • Flexibility, Adaptability, • Working well under pressure, , PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT (PPE), Devices, equipments, or clothing used or worn by the employees,, as a last resort, to protect aginst hazards in the workplace. The primary, approach in any safety effort is that the hazard to the workmen should, be eliminated or the workmen through the use of personal protective, controlled by engineering methods rather than protecting the workmen, through the use of personal protective equipment (PPE).
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The guidelines on 'Personal Protective Equipment' is issued to, facilitate the plant management in maintaining an effective programme, with respect to protection of persons against hazards, which cannot be, eliminated or controlled by engineering methods listed in table
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FIRST-AID, First aid is defined as the immediate care and support given to an acutely injured, or ill person, primarily to save life, prevent further deterioration or injury, plan to shift, the victims to safer places, provide best possible comfort and finally help them to, reach the medical centre/ hospital through all available means. It is an immediate lifesaving procedure using all resources available within reach., The key aims of first aid can be summarized in three key points:, , • PRESERVE LIFE: If the patient was breathing, a first aider would normally place them, in the recovery position, with the patient leant over on their side, which also has the, effect of clearing the tongue from the pharynx., • PREVENT FURTHER HARM: Also sometimes called prevent the condition from, worsening, or danger of further injury, this covers both external factors, such as, moving a patient away from any cause of harm, and applying first aid techniques to, prevent worsening of the condition, such as applying pressure to stop a bleed, becoming dangerous., • PROMOTE RECOVERY: First aid also involves trying to start the recovery process from, the illness or injury, and in some cases might involve completing a treatment, such as, in the case of applying a plaster to a small wound.
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ABC OF FIRST AID, ABC stands for airway, breathing and circulation., • Airway: Attention must first be brought to the airway to ensure it is clear., Obstruction (choking) is a life threatening emergency., • Breathing: Breathing if stops, the victim may die soon. Hence means of providing, support for breathing is an important next steps. There are several methods, practiced in first aid., • Circulation: Blood circulation is vital to keep person alive. The first aiders now, trained to go straight to chest compressions through CPR methods., , When providing first aid one needs to follow some rule. There are, certain basic norms in teaching and training students in the approach and, administration of first aid to sick and injured., 1. Not to get panic, 2. Call medical emergencies, 3. Surroundings play vital role, 4. Do no harm, 5. Reassurance, 6. Stop the bleeding, 7. Golden hours, 8. Maintain the hygiene, 9. Cleaning and dressing
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10., 11., 12., 13., 14., 15., 16., 17., , Not to use local medications on cuts or open wounds, CPR (Cardio-Pulmonary Resuscitation) can be life sustaining, Declaring death, Call emergency service, Report your location, Give the dispatcher your phone number, Describe the nature of the emergency, Do not hang up the phone, , How to report an emergency, Reporting an emergency is one of those things that seems simple enough, until, actually when put to use in emergency situations. A sense of shock prevail at the, accident sites. Large crowd gather around only with inquisitive nature, but not to, extend helping hands to the victims. This is common in road side injuries. No passerby, would like to get involved to assist the victims. Hence first aid management is often, very difficult to attend to the injured persons. The first aiders need to adapt multitask, strategy to control the crowd around, communicate to the rescue team, call, ambulance etc., all to be done simultaneously. The mobile phones helps to a greater, deal for such emergencies. Few guidelines are given below to approach the problems., Assess the urgency of the situation. Before you report an emergency, make sure the, situation is genuinely urgent. Call for emergency services if you believe that a situation, is life-threatening or otherwise extremely distruptive.
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• A crime, especially one that is currently in progress. If you're reporting a crime, give a, physical description of the person committing the crime., • A fire - If you're reporting a fire, describe how the fire stated and where exactly it is, located. If someone has already been injured or is missing, report that as well., • A life-threatening medical emergency, explain how the incident occurred and what, sysmptoms the person currently displays., • A car crash - Location, serious nature of injures, vehicle's details and registration,, number of people involved etc, , DETERMINE RESPONSIVENESS, If a person is unconscious, try to rouse them by gently shaking and speaking to them., , • Keep head and neck aligned., • Carefully roll them onto their back while holding hishead., • Open the airway by lifting the chin., , FIRST AID, • Call EMERGENCY number., • Check the person's airway, breathing, and pulse frequently. If, necessary, begin rescue breathing and CPR., • If the person is breathing and lying on the back and after ruling out, spinal injury, carefully roll the person onto the side, preferably left side.
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Bend the top leg so both hip and knee are at right angles. Gently tilt the, head back to keep the airway open. If breathing or pulse stops at any, time, roll the person on to his back and begin CPR., • If there is a spinal injury, the victims position may have to be, carefully assessed. If the person vomits, roll the entire body at one time, to the side. Support the neck and back to keep the head and body in the, same position while you roll., • Keep the person warm until medical help arrives., • If you see a person fainting, try to prevent a fall. Lay the person flat, on the floor and raise the level of feet above and support., • If fainting is likely due to low blood sugar, give the person something, sweet to eat or drink when they become conscious., , DO NOT, • Do not give an unconscious person any food or drink., • Do not leave the person alone., • Do not place a pillow under the head of an unconscious person., • Do not slap an unconscious person's face or splash water on the face, to try to revive him.
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HOUSE KEEPING, The following activities to be performed for better up keep of working, environment:, 1 Cleaning of shop floor:, Keep clean and free fromaccumulation of dirt and scrap daily, 2 Cleaning of Machines :, Reduce accidents to keep machines cleaned well, 3 Prevention of Leakage and spillage:, Use splash guards in machines and collecting tray, 4 Disposal of ScrapEmpty scrap, wastage, swarf from respective containers regularly, 5 Tools StorageUse special racks, holders for respective tools, 6 Storage Spaces: Identify storage areas for respective items. Do not leave, any material in gangway, 7 Piling Methods- Do not overload platform, floor and keep material at, safe height., 8 Material handling: Use forklifts, converyors and hoist according to the, volume and weight of the package.
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DISPOSAL OF WASTE MATERIAL, industrial waste is the waste produced by industrial activity such as that of factories,, mills and mines., , List of waste material, • Cotton waste, • Metal chips of different material., • Oily waste such as lubricating oil, coolant etc., • Other waste such electrical, glass etc., , Methods of waste disposal
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Colour code for bins for waste segregation, , OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY, • Occupational health and safety is concerned with protecting the safety,, health and welfare of people engaged in work or employment., • The goal is to provide a safe work environment and to prevent hazards., • It may also protect co-workers, family members, employers, customers,, suppliers, neaby communities, and other members of the public who are, affected by the workplace environment., • it involves interactions among many related areas, including occupational, medicine, occupational (or industrial) hygiene, public health, and safety, engineering, chemistry, and health physics.
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Occupational hazards, "Source or situation with a potenital for harm in terms of injury or ill health,, damage to property, damage to the workplace environment, or a combination, of these“ Types of occupational health hazards, , • Physical Hazards, • Chemical Hazards, • Biological Hazards, • Physiological Hazards, • Psychological Hazards, • Mechanical Hazards, • Electrical Hazards, • Ergonomic Hazards
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SAFETY SIGN, In older days road locomotive carrying a red flag by day and, red lantern by night. Safety is the prime motive of every traffic., Kinds of road signs, Mandatory, Cautionary and, Informatory, , Mandatory sign, , Violation of mandatory sign can lead to penalities. Ex. Stop, give way, limits, prohibited, no parking and compulsory sign.
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Cautionary signs, , Cautionary/ warning signs are especially safe. Do's and don'ts for, pedestrians, cyclists, bus passengers and motorists.
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INFORMATION SIGNS, , Information signs are especially benefit to the passengers and two wheelers., , 1. Marking lines on road, 2. Police signals, 3. Traffic light signals, 4. Collision causes, Three factors are responsible for collision, - Roads, - Vehicles and, - Drivers.
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SAFETY PRACTICE, The state of being safe, freedom from the occurrence or risk of injury, danger or loss.
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RESPONSE TO EMERGENCIES - POWER FAILURE, SYSTEM, FAILURE & FIRE, 1. If there is a power failure, start the emergency generator. This provides power to, close the shutter, which is the first priority. The generator will also keep the UPSs, and the cryogenic compressors running,, - Get a flash light., - Look out for power transfer switch and switch over to normal power to emergency, power by pressing the latch., 2. System failure, - If the bug or virus, invades the system. The system failure happens., - Several varieties of bugs are there, 1. Assasin bug 2. Lightening bug 3. Brain bug, 3. Fire failure, When fire alarm sounds in your buildings, 1. Evacuate to outside immediately., 2. Never go back, 3. Make way for fire fighters and their trucks to come, 4. Never use an elevator, 5. Do not panic
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REPORTING EMERGENCY, Reporting an emerency is one of those things that seems simple, enough, until actually when put to use in emergency situations., Call emergency service, The emergency number varies - 100 for Police & Fire, 108 for Ambulance.
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SAFETY RULES ON ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENTS, Safety rules, • Only qualified persons should do electrical work, • Keep the workshop floor clean, and tools in good, condition., • Do not work on live circuits, if unavoidable, use rubber, gloves rubber mats, etc., • Use wooden or PVC insulated handle screwdrivers
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when working on electrical circuits., • Do not touch bare conductors., • When soldering, place the hot soldering irons in their stand. Never, lay switched 'ON' or heated soldering iron on a bench or table as it may, cause a fire to break out., • Use only correct capacity fuses in the circuit. If the capacity is less it, will blow out when the load is connected. If the capacity is large, it gives, no protection and allows excess current to flow and endangers men and, machines, resulting in loss of money., • Replace or remove fuses only after switching off the circuit switches., , SAFETY PRACTICE - FIRE EXTINGUISHERS, Fire is the burning of combustible material. A fire in an unwanted place, and on an unwanted occasion and in uncontrollable quantity can cause, damage or destroy property and materials. Fires injure people, and, sometimes, cause loss of life. Hence, every effort must be made to, prevent fire. When a fire outbreak is discovered, it must be controlled, and extiguished by immediate correct action.
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The factors that must be present in combination for a fire to continue to burn are as, followes., , TYPES OF FIRE EXTINGUISHERS
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A fire extinguisher, flame extinguisher or simply extinguisher is an active, fire protection device used to extinguish or control small fires, often in, emergency situation.It is not intended for use on and out off control fire. Many, types of fire extiguishers are available with differetnt extinguishing 'agents' to, deal with different classes of fires., , WORKING ON FIRE EXTINGUISHERS
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Different types of material handling equipment, • Tools, • Vehicles, • Storage units, • Appliance and accessories, , Racks, Pallet racks, drive-through or drive-in racks, push back racks, and sliding racks., , Truck/Trolley, Conveyor system, • Fork lift, • Cranes, • Pallet truck, , LIFITING AND HANDLING LOADS, Many of the accidents reported involve injuries caused by lifting and, carrying loads. An Electrician may need to install motors, lay heavy, cables, do wiring, which may involve a lot of lifting and carrying of loads., Wrong lifting techniques can result in injury. A load need not necessarily, be very heavy to cause injury The wrong way of lifing may cause injury, to the muscles and joints even though the load is not heavy.
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MOVING HEAVY EQUIPMENT, Heavy equipements are moved in industry using any of the following, methods., 1. Crane and slings, 2. Winches, 3. Machine moving platforms, 4. Layers and rollers, , Before using any winch,, check that the brake, and ratchet mechanism are, in working order.Practise, how to use the brakes.
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