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The government of India appointed the Sec in 1952 with DR. L. S. Mudaliar as the chairman., The commissions submitted its report on 29-8-1953. The commission was asked to enquire into, and report on the present position of secondary education in India. It was also asked to give, recommendation for the reorganization and improvement. This is commission is also known as, Mudalair’s commissions., Defects of Secondary education according to the commission, •, •, •, •, •, •, •, •, •, •, , Secondary education is bookish, Secondary education is bookish, monotonous and, stereotyped., It is not suitable to all types of students., It is not related to life., It does not develop the all round personality of the students., Defective methods of teaching and more stress on examinations., It is one -sided and prepares students for exams only., There is no vocational education., Rigid time table does not provide opportunity for self –expression, Compulsory English is torturing for weak students., More students in a class, no provision for sports and physical provision for sports and, physical training.
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Aims and objectives of secondary education, 1. Development of democratic citizenship: education should develop in students the values, of discipline, tolerance, patriotism, equality in thought, speech and writing, 2. Development of personality: the secondary education must aim at the development of the, personality of the students. The creative energy in the student should find proper, expression. They should acquire constructive and valuable interest. They should be trained, to preserve and conserve their cultural heritage., 3. Education for leadership: the secondary education must impart education for leadership., Students should also be trained for leadership in various fields of life namely, social., Cultural, political, industrial etc., 4. Improvement of vocational capability and efficiency: in all the secondary schools proper, emphasis should be laid on craft and productive work. This can be achieved through, diversification of the courses of study at the secondary level., 5. The concept of world citizenship: the students should be taught to acquire the aims of a, citizen of the world., , New organizational pattern of secondary education, •, •, •, •, •, , •, •, , The duration of secondary education should be 7 years. It should cover the age of group, of 11-17., Under the new organizational structure secondary education should commence after 4 or, 5 years of primary or junior basic education., The middle or senior basic or lower secondary stage should cover a period of 3 years., The higher secondary stage should cover 3 years., The commission also suggested abolition of the present intermediate classes. The 12th, class should be attached to the university and the 11th class should be added to the high, school. Thus it pleaded for one year pre-university and 3 year degree courses., The commission recommended that technical schools should be started in large number, and central technical institutes should be established in large cities., Multi-purpose schools should be established, which would provide terminal courses in, technology, commerce, agriculture, fine arts and home sciences. The object of these, institutions was to direct students into different walks of life at the end of the secondary, course and this will reduce the pressure upon university entrance., , Curriculum, •, •, •, •, , Commission supported flexible, Commission supported flexible curriculum which can be related with interest, need and, life of students should be such that it can train the students for work and leisure, Productive works should be given importance., should include practical knowledge along with theoretical knowledge., , Subjects for Curriculum
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•, •, •, , Junior High School –Languages, Social Study, General Science, Mathematics, Art &, Craft, Music, Physical Education, Secondary Education –Diversification of course has been done., There are some core subjects like Hindi, Social Science, core, Math and one craft which, every student has to study. Along with it there are some optional subjects classified in, seven groups like Humanities, Science, Technical subjects, Commerce, Agriculture, Fine, Arts and Home Science., , Study of Languages, •, •, •, , Hindi has been taken as the national language., For government services Hindi is compulsory for secondary level, Sanskrit is also included as a third language which is optional., , Medium of instruction, •, •, , The medium of instruction should be mother tongue or regional languages., Along with the mother tongue and regional languages,national language and a foreign, language should be taught., , Textbooks, •, •, •, •, •, , Textbooks should be selected very carefully., There should be a committee for selection and reforms., There should be a definite standard for printing, cover and front page of the book., There should be no such book which spread hatred, enmity against any community,, religion or social community., There should be more than one text books for a subject., , Teaching Methods, •, •, •, •, •, •, , Teaching method should be adapted to the need of moral, social and mental development, of students., Teaching method should be activity based., It should not stress on verbalism and memorisation., Various types of expression works should be included in each subject., Teaching method should be adopted in such a way that it takes care of individual, difference., There should be more stress on experimental and demonstration method., , Education for Character development
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•, •, •, , •, , School is a small society and the values, outlook, actions of students are important from, the point of view of national importance So, they should be trained accordingly., There should be close relationship between the teachers and students for best discipline, for best discipline., There should be self-government in the school run by House System, Prefects, Monitors, and Student Council should be given important place. Co-curricular activities should be, encouraged and extra-curricular activities should be also included in school education., NCC, Scout camps should be encouraged., , Guidance in Education, •, •, , There should be appointment of Guidance officers and career masters in the schools for, educational, personal and educational, vocational guidance., There should be arrangement of film shows, excursions related to various industries., , Physical Welfare of Students, •, •, •, •, •, •, •, , There should be School Medical Service in every state., There should be provision of regular health check-up of every student, Health Report of every student should be prepared and doctor, parents and class teacher, should keep one copy of it., There should be arrangement of balanced and nutritious diet in hostels and Residential, schools., Teachers of physical education should be treated equally like subject teachers., Physical Education Training Centre should be opened at national level., There should be complete record of physical activities of students., , Examination and Evaluation, •, •, •, •, •, •, , The number of external examinations should be reduced., There should be only one Public Examination after completion of syllabus, Questions should be objective and subjective elements should be reduced., While evaluating the works of students, internal examinations, periodical tests and school, records should also be considered., Students should be evaluated on 5- point scale, where A is distinction, B point scale, C is, pass, D & E is fail or re- exam., There should be provision for compartmental examination for one subject., , Teacher’s Training
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•, •, •, •, •, •, •, , Higher Secondary teachers should be given two-year training and and graduates should, be given one-year training., Pupil teachers should be trained in one or more extra-curricular activities., There should be provision for Refresher Course and Practical Training and Workshops in, Training colleges., Training Colleges should not charge any fee from pupil teachers., State should provide teachers stipends., There should be hostels in training colleges., The teachers who have three year teaching experience only should be eligible for M.Ed., should be eligible for M.Ed., , Merits of Commission, •, •, •, •, •, •, •, •, •, , Activity based education., Stress on agricultural education., Discussion of aims of secondary education., Child-centered education., Improvement in teacher’s salary and position., Co-curricular activities., No more stress on external examinations., Stress on multi-purpose schools., Suggestion to open technical schools near industries., , Demerits of the Commission, •, •, •, •, , The suggestions are given in haste, so problems are still there., No new statement regarding the improvement of social and economic conditions of, teachers., No suggestion regarding women education., Still stress on English.
