Page 1 : Notes/TDC(B.A)/ Assam University/ CBCS/ARABIC-Pass/5th Semester/, DSE-501/History of Arabic Literature/Unit-III, 1., , Write a note on Compilation of the Holy Qur’an. OR, How was the holy Quran collected and preserved? OR, How Holy Quran was compiled? Write in details., , Ans.: The Holy Quran is a revealed book consisting of a collection of divine, messages sent to the Prophet Mohammad through the Engel Gabriel. Its revelation, spanned over 23 years of prophetic carrier. It was not compiled in book form, during the period of its revelation but a group of scribes recorded the verses either, by writing in various objects used in those days or retaining in their memories, when they were revealed by the order of Prophet. Besides, there were a great, number of professional recites who committed the verses to memory., It was Omar who realized firstly the need of its compilation during the, tenure of Caliph Abo Bakr when a good number of recites had martyred in the, battle of Yamama. He urged the Caliph to take necessary steps for compilation of, the holy Quran in the form of a book. Abo Bakr appointed a group of prominent, Sahabas (Prophet’s disciples) under the head of Zaid bin Thabit, a benevolent, scribe of the Prophet. They collected from recorded sources and arranged it after, verifying its authenticity by prominent Sahabas and genuine witness, according to, the direction of the Prophet previously. It was then submitted to Caliph Abo Bakr,, after his death it went to Caliph Omar, then to his daughter Hafsa wife of Prophet., During the caliphate of Uthman, when a vast area which consists of different, region and dialects came under the Caliphate, occurred disputes over its various, type of recitation. Fearing the corruption the Caliph Uthman authorized Zaid bin, Thabit and co. to make seven copies of the Quran in the dialect of Quraish from the, original copy made by Caliph Abo Bakr. He then keeping a copy in his hand in, Madinah sends remaining copies to the significant cities and orders the burning of, unauthorized copies which were written by reciters individually., ***********************, , By- Dr. Abu Nazat Sayful Haque, (M.M., M.A., Ph.D., NET,), Asst. Prof, Dept. of Arabic, S.R. College,, Kalain, Cachar. 788815, E-mail:
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Page 2 : Notes/TDC(B.A)/ Assam University/ CBCS/ARABIC-Pass/5th Semester/, DSE-501/History of Arabic Literature/Unit-III, 2. “The holy Quran is a divine picture” Discuss. OR Discuss the impact/ Influence, / value and importance of the Holy Quran on the Arabic language and literature., , Ans.: The holy Quran is the holy Gospel; a divine constitution for the whole human, society and the main fountain of Islamic ideology and culture which dominated the, vast Muslim society from all over the world for 14 centuries. It stands out as a, great land mark in the history of human being as well as in the Arabic language and, literature. It opened a new vista of a new faith and culture based on knowledge and, morality. It is entitled as the mother of all Islamic literature such as Hadith,, Tafseer, Fiqh, Aqaid, etc. It changed the Arabs especially and Muslims in general, from a backward society to a cultured nation., Its unique literary pattern, beauty with charm musical effect and rich, vocabularies bear a high literary elegance. Figures of speech, inimitable style,, marvelous eloquence and superb diction point to its divine origin. It gave a new, philosophical outlook about universe with its concept of creation, unity of God,, history of past nations and prophets, concept of trial and judgment, social, regulation and protection for human equality, justice and rights., Its challenge to the opponents to produce verses similar to it is yet to be, answered. Many critics accepted it as a magic brought by a sorcerer or as the, saying of an oracle. Muslims all over the world considered it their duty to recite, and study it. The holy Quran is, no doubt, the highest recited, explained, studied, and researched book in the history., Being the first book in Arabic prose laid down the foundation of artistic, prose in literature. It became a source of ideas, style and scholarship. It was a, miracle from literary and philosophic view. It created a new style of writing which, was neither like the rhymed short sentence of Jahili prose nor the ambiguous and, recondite poetry. It united the warring Arab tribes and made them into a single, language speaking nation., This book left its far reaching influence in the Arabic language and, literature. It standardized Arabic language and saved it from decay and extinction., It gave the Arabic literature a global dimension raising it the level of world, literature. It enriched Arabic with new terminologies and words related to faith. It, gave to Arabic new linguistic rules and religious literatures., *********************, , By- Dr. Abu Nazat Sayful Haque, (M.M., M.A., Ph.D., NET,), Asst. Prof, Dept. of Arabic, S.R. College,, Kalain, Cachar. 788815, E-mail:
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Page 3 : Notes/TDC(B.A)/ Assam University/ CBCS/ARABIC-Pass/5th Semester/, DSE-501/History of Arabic Literature/Unit-III, 3., , Write your acquaintance with the styles and literary beauties of the, holy Quran., , Ans.: The holy Qur’an is a wonderful book which itself declared about its rightness, and truthiness from any kinds of wrongness and falseness’s. It is a unique and an, unparalleled book of the history in regards its form, intonation, diction, meaning,, thought and messages. For 1400 years of its revelation the holy Qur’an has always, been remained a contemporary book and a masterpiece of literature. Its, unmatched beauty and power of language, rhythm and cadences have inspired, lakhs of people., The Quran is unique form of Arabic speech. Its language cannot be described as, prose or poetry. In some parts it is more poetic and prose-like in others. It, achieves its unique literary form by intermingling metrical and non-metrical, speech. The fusion of metrical and non-metrical composition is present throughout, the whole of the Quran and cannot be found in any of Arabic text, past or present., It also achieves its unique literary form by transcending the defining features of, Saj’ which has accentual rhythmical pattern, end rhyme and concentrated use of, rhetorical features. But, Qura’nic Saj’ has a much tendency of mono-rhyme, it, allows inexact rhymes, has greater range of saj’ phrases and higher frequency of, rhetorical features., Also, it achieves its unique literary form by using literary and linguistic devices, that render its stylistically distinct. In the context of stylistic variation Qura’n uses, words and phrases specifically to provide an accurate and intended meaning. The, totality of its every chapter has a special character, with its unique form, and its, unique use of literary devices. As tangible signs, Qura’nic verses are expressive of, an inexhaustible truth, they signify meaning layered with meaning, light upon light,, miracle after miracle., The Quran is highly self–referential. It speaks about itself and make reference to, itself. It describes Historical events and cautions of future in an amazing, techniques that melt easily any listeners’ soul quickly. A change in rhyme from one, set of verses to another indicates a change in matter of discussion. The surahs and, verses employ phonetic and thematic structures, and thus, its content and style is, inimitable., *************************, , By- Dr. Abu Nazat Sayful Haque, (M.M., M.A., Ph.D., NET,), Asst. Prof, Dept. of Arabic, S.R. College,, Kalain, Cachar. 788815, E-mail:
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