Page 1 :
eye iy, , , , , , , , s'cels ae, , , , rit, , » (7E\ Elicit ) Learning Objectives, , , , , , - Ways by which plants, reproduce |, , an - Structure of a seed |, , Lentil Eto Ad UL l, » Conditions required |, , Write the major nutrients contained in these plant foods we eat., , , , , , , , fiber for seed germination |, , . » Methods of seed |, , dispersal |, , Wheat Corkiim. > Types of crops |, Lovtoohuyds aM Stages of agriculture |, , oS,, , , , , , Living things grow and reproduce. Animals reproduce by different ways. A dog gives, birth to puppies and a cat gives birth to kittens. Hens and ducks lay eg9S., , Like animals, plants reproduce in various ways., , e From seeds e From spores ° From different parts of plants (ee, VID, , , , , , NEW PLANTS GROW FROM SEEDS, , Most plants bear, flowers. Some, flowers grow, into fruits. Fruits, contain seeds, inside them., Some fruits have, only one seed,, while some, others have, many seeds. Ri eers Fruit Seeds

Page 2 :
Check Point } 70 Evaluate), , a aanytwo fruits that have one seed in them., (he De tees Peath 3, Uwe, i“ ame any two fruits that have many seeds in them., , ‘ e %, alew when. 2, a ge, , . a ' ' wee ., . ee, ,uaaeouvuseye®, , , , , , , , , What Is Inside a Seed? |, \ seed has a baby plant inside it. A baby plant develops into a new plant, when i, , finds the right conditions., , , , , , L, Ae, Take a few dry bean seeds. You will notice that the seeds have a hard ae, . ' coal, covering. It is called the seed coat. It protects the seed from being damaged. P BE ledor, , Soak the seeds overnight. Observe the soaked seeds in the morning. You will find that the seed coat has become soft. Remove the seed coat. You will see two thick seed leaves, or cotyledons. Open the cotyledons. You can see a baby plant inside it. It is called the embryo., , x, , The cotyledons store food for the baby plant. The stored food is used by the baby, plant till it grows into a seedling. New plants are called seedlings., , Seeds of some plants like grams and beans have two, seed leaves. These are called dicot seeds. Seeds of, some other plants like maize, wheat and rice have, one seed leaf. These are called monocot seeds., , , , Seed coat, , , , Embryo, , , , The embryo has a shoot and a root. The shoot later Seed leaf, , on grows out of the ground into the stem and the, roots spread under the ground. Monocot seed Dicot seed, , Seed Germination, , f, The growth of a plant from a seed is called germination. It depends on 4 number °, factors like temperature, water, air, sunlight, etc., , : d, Most plants grow from seeds. But all the seeds do not grow into plants. Only ripe 3", healthy seeds which get all the favourable conditions grow into new plants., , . . . . . Alt, A seed needs soil which is rich in nutrients. It also needs air, warmth and Be es, is needed by the seed to breathe. Seeds get warmth from sunlight. Warmth x 0, the seed active. Water softens the food inside. Water also softens the seed coe”, , that the baby plant can break open the seed coat and come out., , __e—«©,;,

Page 3 :
Take three open glass containers or beakers. In the first one, keep a few seeds on dry cotton and |, , wool, In Ns {ae beaker, keep a few seeds over wet cotton and wool. Ensure that the cotton, and wool do not dry up. In the third beaker, keep a few seeds completely submerged inside water., , ent eta, , Seeds] ) Seeds 2a Water, Dry cotton~_ > sy Wet cotton |, Wo ol es» gen Wo ol “S Pe a : ;, , Observe the seeds for a day or two. In which container did the seeds germinate into plant, , , , HE SP, a, , , , s? Why?, , , , Stages of Germination, , , , , , , , , , 3. The baby plant called, , }. The embryo root pushes 2. The roots start growing, through the seed coat and and the cotyledons are seedling starts coming, grows downwards into the soil. pulled upwards. out of the cotyledons., , eo es,, , , , 5. The leaves develop completely, , 4. The stem grows longer and the, and the cotyledons fall off., , first leaves start developing., , The process of germination Is thus completed., , Check Point

Page 4 :
., , , , Dispersal of Seeds, , minate when they get suitable conditions of soil, air, warmth a, ese bie fall on the ground near the parent plant, they will not ge, lf many, , trients, air, water and warmth to grow., , nd Wate, |, t “NOugh, , yee have to be spread out in a large enough area so that at least some of then,, , will get suitable conditions and grow into adult plants. |, The process by which the seeds are seattered away from ae Plant is Calleg, dispersal. To ensure dispersal, seeds and fruits oF manly plants have developed special, features. Wind, water and animals also help in dispersal of seeds. They are called, agents of dispersal., , Dispersion by wind: Seeds which, , , , , , , , are dispersed by wind are either light |, or have hair or wings. These features |, help the seeds to be carried away with, the wind. (, Dispersion by water: Coconut trees Dandelion seed has hair. i, generally grow near sea coasts. Coconut fruits have a F, hard but light and waterproof covering which enables L, them to float on water. The waves Carry the fruits and, , deposit them on the shores of far off lands. F, Dispersion by animals: Some seeds have hooks or, spikes which stick to the body of animals and get c, , carried away. The fruits of cocklebur have hooked tips, that stick to animal fur and get deposited at a distance., , Human beings and animals eat the fleshy parts of, many fruits and, , throw away the seeds, on the ground. Birds, eat fruits along with, the seeds. The seeds, Pass out undigested, in their waste or, , droppings and reach, the ground., , . fn a ge ae 5 . oF 3 ‘ 3 9 om rt, ton in rt Pod id,, _ eee a ppt ~~ 3 My S| ie, cE ~ y i IX ~ <i \¢ a \, . : | \, s aS - . a, 7s AWE, Cocklebur fruit with hooks

Page 5 :
Dispersion by explosion: Some fruits like the pea disperse, , by exploding. The pods containing seeds burst open when Opis, , they are dry and the seeds scatter around. 332 ., , Pea pod, , NEW PLANTS GROW FROM OTHER PARTS OF PLANTS, , Most plants grow from seeds. But some plants grow from other parts of plants., , From Stems, , plants like rose, Hibiscus and sugar cane are grown from stem, cuttings., , Potato and ginger are underground stems. Potatoes have buds, called eyes on them. Each eye can grow into a new plant. Buds, , present in ginger also give rise to new plants. Other plants which, grow from stems are Colocasia and Gladiolus., , , , From Roots, , Plants like sweet potato develop from, buds present in their roots., , From Leaves, , Leaves of Bryophyllum (sprout leaf plant) ame 7, give rise to new plants from buds present Roots of sweet potato Bryophyllum leaves, in the notches on their margins. with buds, , , , NEW PLANTS FROM SPORES, , Some plants like ferns, mosses and mushrooms do not bear flowers. So, they do not, produce seeds. They produce tiny powder-like reproductive bodies called spores., , New plants grow from these spores., , , , Spores on ferns Mosses growing on, , a tree trunk