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©, K, be T, B, re S, pu, bl, is, , he, , ENGLISH, , d, , Government of Karnataka, , FIRST LANGUAGE, (Revised), , No, t, , to, , 6, , SIXTH STANDARD, , KARNATAKA TEXTBOOK SOCIETY (R.), 100 Feet Ring Road, Banashankari 3rd stage,, Bengaluru-560 085., , I

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PREFACE, The Textbook Society, Karnataka has been engaged in producing new, textbooks according to the new syllabi which in turn are designed on, NCF - 2005 since June 2010. Textbooks are prepared in 12 languages;, , d, , seven of them serve as the media of instruction. From standard 1 to, , he, , 4 there is the EVS, mathematics and 5th to 10th there are three core, subjects namely mathematics, science and social science., , ©, K, be T, B, re S, pu, bl, is, , NCF - 2005 has a number of special features and they are:, ● connecting knowledge to life activities, ● learning to shift from rote methods, , ● enriching the curriculum beyond textbooks, , ● learning experiences for the construction of knowledge, ● making examinations flexible and integrating them with classroom, experiences, , ● caring concerns within the democratic policy of the country, ● making education relevant to the present and future needs., ● softening the subject boundaries-integrated knowledge and the, , to, , joy of learning, , ● Making the child the constructor of knowledge, , No, t, , The new books are based on three fundamental approaches namelyConstructive approach, Spiral Approach and Integrated Approach, The learner is encouraged to think, engage in activities, master skills, , and competencies. The materials presented in these books are integrated, with values. The new books are not examination oriented in their nature., On the other hand they help the learner in the all round development, of his/her personality, thus help him/her become a healthy member of, a healthy society and a productive citizen of this great country, India., III

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©, K, be T, B, re S, pu, bl, is, , he, , d, , The most important objectives of teaching language are listening,, speaking, reading, writing and reference work. These skills have been, given a lot of importance in all the language textbooks. Along with the, inculcation of these skills, fundamental grammar, opportunities for, learners to appreciate beauty and imbibe universal life values have, been integrated in language textbooks. When learners master these, competencies, they would stop studying textbooks for the sake of passing, examinations. In order to help learners master these competencies, a, number of paired and group activities, assignments and project work, have been included in the textbooks. It is expected that these activities, would help learner master communicative skills. Ultimately, it is, expected that students master the art of learning to learn and make, use of these competencies in real life., , No, t, , to, , The Textbook Society expresses grateful thanks to the chairpersons,, writers, scrutinisers, artists, staff of DIETs and CTEs and the members, of the Editorial Board and printers in helping the Text Book Society in, producing these textbooks. A few works of some writers and poets have, been included in these textbooks. The textbook society is extremely, grateful to them for giving their consent for the inclusion of these pieces, in the textbooks., , Prof. G.S. Mudambadithaya, , Co-ordinator, Curriculum Revision and Textbook, Preparation, Karnataka Textbook Society®, Bengaluru., , IV, , Nagendra Kumar, Managing Director, Karnataka Textbook Society®, Bengaluru.

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CHAIRMAN'S WORDS, , he, , d, , Textbook Society, Government of Karnataka has been engaged in, producing new textbooks in languages and core subjects since 2010. These, books are designed, based on NCF 2005, KCF 2007 and the new syllabus, framed based on the guidelines of NCF 2005., The main objective of these textbooks is to enable the learners master, communicative skills and at the same time enjoy reading good literature. This, book is meant for learners who have taken English as the first language. This, text book is designed and prepared on the basic principles of first language, learning namely Mastering communicative skills which is indispensable in the, modern society. They should speak fluently and meaningfully., Read books, story books, novels and later books on their respective, subjects to acquire knowledge., , , , Learners should master reference skills such as skimming,, scanning, note-making, note-taking, dictionary work and so on., , , , Finally they should master the skills of self-learning., , ©, K, be T, B, re S, pu, bl, is, , , , No, t, , to, , Every lesson has a warm-up activity, the main reading passage followed, by glossary, comprehension, vocabulary and language exercise. Most of these, exercises have to be done by learners in pairs or groups. The teacher has to, change his / her approach to teaching by playing the role of a facilitator of, learning. Give them opportunities to discover knowledge., There is a section for supplementary reading. In this knowledge society,, the most effective way of acquiring knowledge is through reading books. The, learners should be encouraged to read the pieces and this should motivate, them to cultivate the habit of reading books., Grammar has been given its due importance. All the areas of grammar, specified in the syllabus have been elaborately dealt with. Do the exercises, orally and let the learners do the writing part of it at home., Writing skill is one of the most exacting skills to master. Keeping in mind, the inductive approach, exercises at the beginning are easy and interesting., Do not take these exercises as tests. They are for practice. The teacher has, to do remedial work and correct the mistakes in the initial stages. These will, raise the confidence level of the learner and then the learning process becomes, easy and interesting., I fervently wish that the learners and teachers are going to have a, rewarding experience., Bengaluru, 06.12.2012, Prof. G.M. Ramakrishna, Chairman, V

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About the Revision of Textbooks, , ©, K, be T, B, re S, pu, bl, is, , he, , d, , Honourable Chief Minister Sri Siddaramaiah who is, also the Finance Minister of Karnataka, in his response to, the public opinion about the new textbooks from standard, I to X, announced, in his 2014-15 budget speech of, constituting an expert-committee, to look into the matter., He also spoke of the basic expectations there in, which the, textbook experts should follow: “The textbooks should aim, at inculcating social equality, moral values, development of, personality, scientific temper, critical acumen, secularism, and the sense of national commitment”, he said., , to, , Later, for the revision of the textbooks from class I to, X, the Department of Education constituted twenty seven, committees and passed an order on 24-11-2014. The, committees so constituted were subject and class-wise, and were in accordance with the standards prescribed., Teachers who are experts in matters of subjects and syllabi, were in the committees., , No, t, , There were already many complaints and analyses, about the textbooks. So, a freehand was given in the, order dated 24-11-2014 to the responsible committees to, examine and review text and even to prepare new text and, revise if necessary. Eventually, a new order was passed on, 19-9-2015 which also gave freedom even to re-write the, textbooks if necessary. In the same order, it was said that, the completely revised textbooks could be put to force from, 2017-18 instead of 2016-17., VI

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©, K, be T, B, re S, pu, bl, is, , he, , d, , Many self inspired individuals and institutions, listing out, the wrong information and mistakes there in the text, had sent, them to the Education Minister and to the Textbook Society., They were rectified. Before rectification we had exchanged, ideas by arranging debates. Discussions had taken place with, Primary and Secondary Education Teachers’ Associations., Questionnaires were administered among teachers to pool, up opinions. Separate meetings were held with teachers,, subject inspectors and DIET Principals. Analytical opinions, had been collected. To the subject experts of science, social, science, mathematics and languages, textbooks were sent, in advance and later meetings were held for discussions., Women associations and science related organisations were, also invited for discussions. Thus, on the basis of inputs, received from various sources, the textbooks have been, revised where ever necessary., , No, t, , to, , Another important aspect has to be shared here. We, constituted three expert committees. They were constituted, to make suggestions after making a comparative study of, the texts of science, mathematics and social science subjects, of central schools (NCERT), along with state textbooks., Thus, the state text books have been enriched based on the, comparative analysis and suggestions made by the experts., The state textbooks have been guarded not to go lower in, standards than the textbooks of central schools. Besides,, these textbooks have been examined along side with the, textbooks of Andhra Pradesh, Kerala, Tamil Nadu and, Maharashtra states., , VII

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©, K, be T, B, re S, pu, bl, is, , he, , d, , Another clarification has to be given here. Whatever we, have done in the committees is only revision, it is not the total, preparation of the textbooks. Therefore, the structure of the, already prepared textbooks have in no way been affected or, distorted. They have only been revised in the background of, gender equality, regional representation, national integrity,, equality and social harmony. While doing so, the curriculum, frames of both central and state have not been transgressed., Besides, the aspirations of the constitution are incorporated, carefully. Further, the reviews of the committees were once, given to higher expert committees for examination and their, opinions have been inculcated into the textbooks., , No, t, , to, , Finally, we express our grateful thanks to those who strived, in all those 27 committees with complete dedication and also, to those who served in higher committees. At the same time,, we thank all the supervising officers of the Textbook Society,, who sincerely worked hard in forming the committees and, managed to see the task reach its logical completion. We, thank all the members of the staff who co-operated in this, venture. Our thanks are also to the subject experts and to, the associations who gave valuable suggestions., , Prof. Baraguru Ramachandrappa, Chairman-in-Chief, State Textbook Revision Committees, Karnataka Textbook Society (R), Bengaluru., , H.N. Gopalkrishna, Managing Director, Karnataka Textbook Society (R), Bengaluru., , VIII

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CONTENTS, Prose, , Poem, , Page No, , d, , Unit, , Dog Finds his Master, , March, , 2, , The Good Samaritan, , Trees, , 3, , Galileo, , Spring, , Friend in Need, , Rain in, Summer, , 36 - 48, , Self–Reliance, , Piping Down, the Valleys, Wild, , 49 - 58, , True Height, , Nature’s, Friend, , 59 - 76, , I Want to Quit the, I.C.S., , The Comet, and the Moon, , 77 - 87, , The Ant and, the Cricket, , 88 - 98, , 6, 7, , The Gifts of Nature, , No, t, , 8, 9, , 10, 1, , 15 - 23, , ©, K, be T, B, re S, pu, bl, is, , 5, , to, , 4, , 1 - 14, , he, , 1, , 24 - 35, , A Rose for the Princess, , An August, Midnight, , 99 - 113, , The Touch, , My Heart, Leaps Up, , 114 - 129, , SUPPLEMENTARY READING, , The New Flower, X, , 130-134

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UNIT – 1, , DOG FINDS HIS MASTER, Pre-reading task :, , he, , d, , Listen to what your teacher says, and then answer her/, his questions., , ©, K, be T, B, re S, pu, bl, is, , a. Tell me the names of some pet animals and some, domestic animals., b. Which animal can be tamed and used to do heavy work?, , Foxes hunt alone, never in packs. Once dogs too were, their own masters and lived the way foxes did. They, lived in freedom until a dog was born who was not, pleased with this way of life. He was sick and tired of, wandering about by himself looking for food and being, frightened of those who were stronger than him., , No, t, , 1., , to, , c. Which animal is known as “Man's best friend”? Why?, , 2., , He thought for a while and decided that the best thing, for him to do was to become the servant of one who, was stronger than anyone on earth. He set out to find, such a master., 1

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He walked and walked, and he met a kinsman of his,, a big wolf who was as strong as himself. He was fierce., “Where are you going, friend?” the wolf asked., , 4., , “I am looking for someone to take me up as a servant., Would you like to be my master, Wolf?” the dog said., , 5., , “Why not!” the wolf said and this agreed upon, the two, of them went on together., , 6., , They walked and walked, and all of a sudden the wolf, lifted his nose, sniffed, darted quickly off the path into, the bushes and crept deeper into the forest. The dog, was very much surprised., , 8., , he, , “What’s come over you, master?” he asked. “What has, frightened you so much?”, “Can’t you see? There’s a bear out there and he might, eat up both of us,” the wolf replied., Seeing that the bear was stronger than the wolf, the, dog decided to take up service with the bear. He left, the wolf and asked the bear to be his master. The bear, agreed to this readily and said, “Let us go and find a, herd of cows. I’ll kill a cow and then we can both eat, our fill.”, , No, t, , to, , 9., , ©, K, be T, B, re S, pu, bl, is, , 7., , d, , 3., , 10. They walked on and soon saw a herd of cows, but just, as they were about to come to it, they were stopped, by a terrible noise. The cows were mooing loudly and, running in panic in all directions. The bear looked, from behind a tree, and then, he too ran hastily deeper, into the forest., 2

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11. “Now, why did I have to come here!” he said to the , dog. “It is the lion who rules the forest in these parts.”, “The lion? Who’s he?”, “Don’t you know? He is the strongest beast on earth.”, , he, , d, , “Well, then I’ll say good-bye to you, Bear. I want a, master who is stronger than anyone on earth.”, , ©, K, be T, B, re S, pu, bl, is, , 12. The lion agreed to take the dog into his service and the, dog stayed with him and served him for a long time., It was a good life. He had nothing to complain about, because no one dared to touch the dog or offend him in, any way., 13. But one day, the two of them were walking side by side, in the forest, when all of a sudden the lion stopped. He, gave a great roar and struck the ground angrily with, his paw. Then he began to walk away very quietly., , to, , “What is it master? Is anything wrong?” asked the dog,, surprised., , No, t, , 14. “I smell a man coming this way,” the lion said. “We had, better run from here, or we will be in trouble.”, “Oh well, then I’ll say goodbye to you Lion. I want a, master who is stronger than anyone on earth.”, , 15. The dog went to the man and stayed with him and, served him faithfully. This happened long long ago. But, to this day, the dog has been man’s most loyal servant, and knows no other master., 3

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Glossary :, pack, : a group of wild animals that, hunt together, or a group of, dogs trained together for , hunting., : (old use) a relative., , d, , kinsman, kinswoman, , he, , fierce, : adjective - angry, violent, and cruel., , ©, K, be T, B, re S, pu, bl, is, , service, : work, or duty done for, someone., dart, : a quick movement in a, particular stated direction., cattle, : bullocks, cows, farm animals,, kept as property, or bred for, use., panic, : a sudden, strong feeling of, fear., Come, let us talk about this story now., , Speak to your partner about the points raised in, these questions. Write down what you say., a. Why was the dog not happy with the way he was, living?, , to, , 1., , No, t, , b. With what words did the wolf reply to the dog? What, did he mean by that?, c. Why did the dog take up service with the bear?, d. Why was the dog very much surprised?, e. What did the bear say to the dog about the lion? Why, did he say so?, f. What advice did the lion give to the dog?, 4

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2., , Tell your partner whether the following statements, are true or false. Sometimes, you will have to give, reasons for your answer., a. All dogs have followed the dog in this story. (T / F), , d, , b. None of the masters put any condition to take the dog, into his service. (T / F), , he, , c. One of the masters took the dog to a feast. (T / F), , ©, K, be T, B, re S, pu, bl, is, , d. Each of the masters was angry with the dog for, leaving his service. (T / F), e. Anyone of the masters could have eaten the dog., (T / F), f. At last the dog found a master who could do his duty, properly. (T / F), Words in use : Phrases, , In the sentence, “He was tired of wandering about, by himself looking for food,” “looking for” means, “searching”., , to, , 3., , You can make other phrases with the word “look” –, , No, t, , a. look after – take care of (He remained in the village to, look after his parents.), b. look down on – think that someone is less important, than you. (She thinks they look down on her because, she is poor.), c. look up to – admire and respect (I always looked up to, my teachers.), 5

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d. look forward to – to wait eagerly (I am looking, forward to the holidays. I am looking forward to, going home during the holidays.), Use a phrase with “look” in the place of the italicized, words in these sentences :, , d, , 4., , he, , a. He was eagerly waiting for his class X results., , ©, K, be T, B, re S, pu, bl, is, , b. We should not think someone less important because, he / she cannot speak English fluently., c. Children admire and respect the teachers who inspire, them., d. Shravanakumara took great care of his parents., Sounds made by a few animals are given in the box., Match them with the animals given below and write, them down in the space provided., , roar, , moo, , neigh, , bray, , quack, , chatter, , hiss, , mew, , caw, , bark, , No, t, , to, , 5., , cats, , ______________, , cows ______________, , donkeys ______________, , ducks, , ______________, , lions, , ______________, , crows, , ______________, , dogs, , ______________, , snakes, , ______________, , monkeys ______________, , horses, , ______________, , 6

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Focus on grammar :, 1., , Study the meanings of the italicised words in these, sentences., a. I know she likes sweets; she told me herself., , d, , b. Did you yourself see it or did someone tell you?, , 2., , ©, K, be T, B, re S, pu, bl, is, , he, , The italicized words are called emphatic or reflexive, pronouns. They emphasize that none else, or no other thing, did the action. They also emphasize that the effect of the action, was on the doer, none else., Add an appropriate reflexive pronoun to each of these, sentences., yourself, , herself, , myself, , himself, , ourselves, , to, , a. Mala stood in front of a mirror, looking at ______________., b. Don’t blame me for your mistake; blame _____________., , No, t, , c. Arun bought three tickets, for me, for his brother, and, for ____________., d. There were mangoes on the tree. Sheela and I helped, ___________ to a bagful each., e. I feel afraid sometimes, but I keep telling ____________, there’s nothing to fear., 7

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f. The principal usually asks the class leader to, announce the day's programme. This time she made, the announcement ________________., g. Do you mean, ______________?, , they, , painted, , the, , whole, , house, , You have been serving lunch to everyone, why don’t, you have some for ____________?, , ©, K, be T, B, re S, pu, bl, is, , i., , he, , d, , h. None of them was sure; I wasn’t sure __________., , Speech practice :, 3., , Read these sentences after your teacher and tell, which words are stressed more than the others., , Rajani went to the market., , This lesson was very interesting., , to, , While reading, content words (nouns, verbs, adjectives,, adverbs and demonstratives) are stressed. Now read the, following sentences on your own., , No, t, , a. He works day and night., b. It was a cold day., c. When is your birthday?, d. Salim’s sister is a doctor., e. I found this book on your table., , 8

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Writing :, 4., , We keep wild animals in our National Parks. If you, visit a national park, you may find a notice with this, instruction., , d, , ALLOW WILD ANIMALS TO STAY WILD, , he, , Write a paragraph about what we should do and what we, should not do in a National Park., , ©, K, be T, B, re S, pu, bl, is, , Use these points : no surprising them; no teasing, angering;, no feeding, teaching them to beg., a) Do this blank-filling exercise jointly with your partner., Write the appropriate words in the blanks., Usually a master dismisses a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ if he finds that, the servant is not doing his _ _ _ _ properly. In this _ _ _ _ _,, a servant leaves three of his masters, one _ _ _ _ _ the other,, when he sees that each one of _ _ _ _ cannot do his duty, properly. The _ _ _ _ _ _ time the servant is lucky. He stays, , No, t, , to, , _ _ _ _ this master and serves him faithfully., , ***, 9

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POEM, , MARCH, Pre-reading task :, , he, , (spring, summer, autumn and winter), , d, , 1. How many seasons do we have in a year?, 2. Which season comes after winter?, , ©, K, be T, B, re S, pu, bl, is, , 3. What changes do we see in Nature in spring?, , No, t, , to, , Discuss the answers to these questions with your partner., According to the Indian calendar there are six rithusVasantha, Greeshma, Varsha, Sharath, Hemantha and, Shishira. Know about them from your elders., , 10

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The cock is crowing,, The stream is flowing,, The small birds twitter,, The lake doth glitter,, 5, , The oldest and the youngest, , ©, K, be T, B, re S, pu, bl, is, , Are at work with the strongest;, , he, , d, , The green field sleeps in the sun; , , The cattle are grazing,, , Their heads never raising;, , There are forty feeding like one! , , 10, , Like an army defeated, , The snow hath retreated,, And now doth fare ill, , On the top of the bare hill;, , to, , The ploughboy is whooping - anon - anon. , , 15, , No, t, , There’s joy in the mountains;, There’s life in the fountains;, Small clouds are sailing,, Blue sky prevailing;, The rain is over and gone! , , 20, , -William Wordsworth, 11

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Glossary :, twitter, , doth, , -, , (of the bird) to make a number of short, rapid sounds, old form of does, , -, , go back, especially when forced to do so, , ©, K, be T, B, re S, pu, bl, is, , retreat, , he, , d, , glitter, shine brightly with flashing points of, light, , fare ill (v), , -, , ploughboy , , be unsuccessful, , (in olden times) a boy who leads a horse, that is pulling the plough, , -, , make a loud cry (as of joy), , fountain, , -, , a natural spring of water, , prevail, , -, , gain control, victory; win a fight, , scene, , -, , something spread out to view, , anon, , -, , in a short time, soon, , Exercises, , No, t, , to, , whoop, , Shall we talk a little about this poem?, 1., , Complete these sentences with the best choice given, , a. The poet is watching the scene from a place, i) near a lake , , iii) near a field, , ii) near a stream , , iv) on the top of a hill, 12

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b. In the first five lines of the poem the poet is speaking, to, iii) two friends, , ii) a companion , , iv) a group of people, , i) to talk to the horses, , ©, K, be T, B, re S, pu, bl, is, , ii) to call out to other workers, , he, , c. The ploughboy is making loud cries, , d, , i) himself , , iii) just to shout with joy, , iv) to give signals to the ploughman., , 2., , Talk to your partner about the points raised in the, questions below. Write down what you say :, , a. Who are at work?, , to, , b. Why are the cows not raising their heads?, c. What is the ploughboy doing?, , No, t, , d. Why does the poet say that the snow is only on the top, of the bare hill?, , e. Why is the poem called “March”?, f. Pick out the rhyming words in the poem and write, them down., , 13

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UNIT – 2, , THE GOOD SAMARITAN, Pre-reading task :, , d, , Listen to what your teacher says and answer her questions., , ©, K, be T, B, re S, pu, bl, is, , he, , Many religious men and women have taught us good, behaviour by their songs, stories and precepts. For example,, Basavanna said, “Do not steal, do not kill, do not tell lies ..., ... ... ...” Give some other examples that you know., What did Jesus Christ, Mohammad Paigambar, the, Buddha, Ramakrishna Paramahamsa, Gandhi and others, say? How did they live? Discuss their teachings with your, partner., , No, t, , to, , 1. There once was a man walking from Jerusalem to, Jericho. He was alone and the road he followed was, rocky, with many twists and turns. Suddenly, two, robbers jumped out of nowhere. They attacked the, man, beat him up and stole everything he had, even, his clothes., , 15

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The man lay bleeding to death on the side of the road, and along came a priest. When he saw the man, he was, so shocked that he stood and stared. The man could, barely raise his head to beg for help but the priest only, backed away. He tried not to look as he passed him as, quickly as he could., , 3., , The man lay in the dirt moaning, until another man, came along. He saw the man, all covered in blood and, dirt and making funny noises in the ditch. He thought,, “Oh, he looks terrible. I wouldn’t ever want to touch, him. Besides, I’m sure he’s no one I know.” And he, passed him by as well., , he, , ©, K, be T, B, re S, pu, bl, is, , Then a Samaritan came walking along the road. The, man who lay in the dirt was a Jew. Samaritans and, Jews had been enemies for hundreds of years. Yet,, the Samaritan came over to him. Very gently, he, lifted the man’s head and brushed the dust out of, his mouth. He took some water and cleaned the man’s, eyes and gave him some water to drink. He put wine, on his wounds to clean them and make them heal, quickly. Then, he carried the man and put him on to his, donkey and brought him into town., , to, , 4., , d, , 2., , There, the Samaritan gave some money to an, innkeeper and said, “Put him in a clean bed and spend, whatever you need to take good care of him until he is, strong again.”, , 6., , “Now tell me,” Jesus added, “which of these three men, was a true neighbour to the man who was robbed?”, , 7., , The expert in Jewish law did not need to think very, , No, t, , 5., , 16

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long. He said, “The one who helped him, of course.”, Jesus then told him. “Then go and do just the same.”, , 9., , Those who heard Jesus tell this story knew that he, wanted his followers to love everybody, especially, strangers and those who are in need of help., , d, , 8., , ©, K, be T, B, re S, pu, bl, is, , he, , Glossary :, bleed, –, lose blood., ditch, –, a long narrow passage cut into the, ground., well-to-do, –, rich., succour (verb), –, give help to someone in difficulty., noble, –, of high quality, especially morally., generous, –, showing readiness to give money,, , help, kindness, etc., parable, –, a short simple story which teaches, , a moral or religious lesson., Come, let us talk about this story :, , to, , Look at the points raised in the questions given, below. Talk about them to your partner, the boy or, the girl sitting next to you. Write down what you say., a. The first traveller gave the robbers a good fight., (True / Not True), , No, t, , 1., , b. The man suffered serious injuries. (True / Not True), c. The sight of the wounded man frightened the priest., (True / Not True), d. Describe the pitiable state of the man in two short, sentences., 17

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e. “I don’t want to dirty my hands.” Who said this? To, whom?, f. “I’m sure he’s no one I know.” – Was this a good reason, not to help the wounded man? Justify your answer., g. Who helped the wounded man?, , The fourth traveller had noble and generous feelings., (True / Not True), , ©, K, be T, B, re S, pu, bl, is, , i., , he, , d, , h. Did the Samaritan have a reason not to help the, wounded man? If so, what was it?, , j., , There was something special in the fourth man’s act, of kindness. What was it?, , k. What first aid did the Samaritan give the wounded, man? What was the beast of burden in the ancient, days?, l., , The Samaritan was well-to-do. Give two reasons for, this after reading the text., , m. Who narrated this parable?, , to, , n. What moral lesson did Jesus teach through this, parable?, Focus on grammar :, Now read these pairs of sentences carefully. Read, them aloud to your partner., , No, t, , 2., , a. The four travellers did not travel together., b. The robbers attacked one of them., a. The Samaritan tended the injured man., b. The injured man did not bleed to death., 18

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a. The Samaritan was generous., b. He gave money to the innkeeper., Read these sentences carefully and tell your partner, what they mean., a. If all the four travellers had travelled together, the, robbers would not have attacked them., , d, , 3., , he, , b. If the Samaritan had not tended the injured man, he, would have bled to death., , 4., , ©, K, be T, B, re S, pu, bl, is, , c. If the Samaritan had not been generous he would not, have given money to the innkeeper., Now, working with your partner, rewrite these pairs, of sentences as single sentences., , a. i., , You did not ask me for a loan., , ii. I did not give you a loan., , b. i., , I caught the ball at the boundary line., , ii. They lost the match., She ran very fast., , to, , c. i., , ii. She caught the chain-snatcher., , No, t, , Word formation :, , Note that the suffix -“er”combines with verbs to form, nouns., 5., , Working with your partner, write down some verbs, and their noun forms., t e_ _ _ ; , , pl__;, , w o _ _;, , d r _ _ _;, , re__;, , l e _ _;, , 19, , w _ _ _ _;, w i _; l o _ _ ;

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Writing :, 6., , Write a conversation between the innkeeper and the, injured man. Begin like this., , he, , d, , The next morning the innkeeper said to the injured man,, “You lay unconscious the whole day yesterday. How are you, feeling today?” “Much better, thank you,” said the injured, man. ... ... .... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ..., , ©, K, be T, B, re S, pu, bl, is, , 6 a) Work with your partner, the boy or the girl sitting, next to you, and fill in appropriate words in the blanks., “Let us hide behind this _ _ _ _,” said the robber to his, companion. “Good place. We can see the _ _ _ _ from this end, to that _ _ _ ,” said the second one. “The road is so em _ _ _ ”, said the first. “We will have to _ _ _ _,” said the second., Reference: Biblical story, , ***, , No, t, , to, , , , 20

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POEM, , TREES, Pre-reading task :, , No, t, , to, , ©, K, be T, B, re S, pu, bl, is, , he, , d, , Take a few minutes to tell one another the names of trees, that you know or have heard of. What do trees give us? Then, read this poem about trees., , Trees, Trees, Trees, Trees, Trees, Trees, Trees, , are, are, are, are, are, are, are, , for birds., for children., to make tree houses in., to swing swings on., for the wind to blow through., to hide behind in “Hide n Seek”., to have tea parties under., 21

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©, K, be T, B, re S, pu, bl, is, , he, , d, , Trees are for kites to get caught in., Trees are to make cool shade in summer., Trees are to make no shade in winter., Trees are for apples to grow on and pears., Trees are to chop down and call, “TIMBER- R-R!”, Trees make mother say,, “What a lovely picture to paint!”, Trees make father say,, “What a lot of leaves to rake this fall!”, - Shirley Bauer, , Exercises, , 1. Read these definitions aloud to your partner., Ask him/her to give the word for each definition., (Clue: same word for the first three definitions a, b and c), a. a wooden seat fixed by four lengths of rope from a, branch of a tree : ............., b. fix a wooden seat by four lengths of rope from a branch, of a tree: ............., , to, , c. ride backwards and forwards on a wooden seat, suspended by ropes from a branch of a tree: ............., , No, t, , d. sweep up dead leaves into a heap: ............., e. the season between summer and winter when leaves, turn gold and fruits become ripe : ............., , 2., , Interact with your partner on the points raised in, the questions below. Write down what you say. Read, it aloud to your partner., , a. The first four lines of the poem say that birds, children,, and people make use of trees. How do they do this?, 22

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b. Why do trees make noise sometimes?, c. When do children complain about trees?, d. Where do the people look for cool shade in summer?, e. Why is mother happy to see trees?, , d, , f. Why does father grumble about his tree?, , Did any picture come to your mind when you read, the poem? Talk to your partner about it., , ©, K, be T, B, re S, pu, bl, is, , 3., , he, , g. Which word suggests the sound of an electric saw?, , Fill in the blanks with suitable words. Then tell your, partner the pictures that come to your mind., , a. Little tree houses seen on .........................................., b. A girl hides _ _ _ _ _ _ a tree to play _ _ _ _ and _ _ _ _., c. Caught in the branches, an old kite has lost its, _ _ _ _ _ _., d. At mid-day the cool shade is ..................................., , to, , e. A coconut palm w_ _ _ _ its fronds on a w _ _ _ _, day., , No, t, , f. A mango tree is laden ..................... bunches of, mangoes., g. A b _ _ _ _ _ tree on a misty day., , 4., , Project:, , ● Find out some interesting things about “tree, , houses” and write them down., , ● Write a paragraph on why trees must not be cut, , down indiscriminately., 23

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UNIT – 3, , GALILEO, Pre-reading task :, , b. What is astronomy?, , ©, K, be T, B, re S, pu, bl, is, , c. Name an Indian astronomer., , he, , a. Name some heavenly bodies., , d, , Answer the questions your teacher asks you., , d. What is a Planetarium? There is one in Karnataka. , Where is it?, , No, t, , to, , e. What instrument do astronomers use?, , 24

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It is common knowledge today that the earth is a, planet revolving round the sun. But there was a time, not many centuries ago, when even learned men, believed that the earth was fixed in space and the sun, and all other heavenly bodies went round it. The man, who first brought to light the facts about them was a, great scientist and astronomer called Galileo Galilei., He was born in the year 1564 in the Italian town of, Pisa., , 2., , In the year 1608 a man called Hans Lippershey, a, native of Holland, invented the telescope, the, instrument with which astronomers watch the skies., The telescope makes distant objects appear to be near, and magnified several times over., , ©, K, be T, B, re S, pu, bl, is, , When Galileo heard about the invention, he became, greatly interested in it. He had at this time begun, to study astronomy, and he saw that the invention, would be a wonderful aid to the astronomer. He set to, work on making a telescope for himself and very soon, succeeded in making one which was better than the, one Lippershey had made., , to, , 3., , he, , d, , 1., , No, t, , 4. Galileo’s telescope was the first that was ever turned, towards the stars. Looking through it, he saw a, hundred times as many stars as he could see with, his bare eyes. He looked at the milky way, the broad, white band of light seen across the sky at night and, found that it contained millions and millions of faint, stars. He turned the telescope on the moon and what, he saw filled him with amazement. On the moon’s, surface, which seems so smooth, he saw high, mountains and deep valleys like those on the earth., 25

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©, K, be T, B, re S, pu, bl, is, , he, , d, , 5. Greatly excited by these discoveries, Galileo carried, his telescope to Venice and showed it to the learned, men of that city. The people of Venice crowded at his, house to have a look at the “looking tube”. They took, it to the top of high buildings and looked through it, at the ships out in the sea. They saw ships fifty miles, away appearing to be only fifteen miles off! When the, ruler of Venice was shown the instrument he was, greatly pleased with the invention and appointed, Galileo, professor for life at the University of Padua., 6. The first telescope that Galileo made magnified, objects three times their size; later he made one that, magnified them eight times. But he went on working on, larger and larger ones, until he made a telescope which, brought objects thirty times nearer., , No, t, , to, , 7. With the aid of this telescope he made important, discoveries about the heavenly bodies. He found that, the planet Jupiter had little moons that revolved round, it. He found that the sun had spots on it and that the, spots slowly moved across its face. He found from this, that the sun, like the earth, spins round itself!, 8., , Some fifty years earlier, a Polish astronomer called, Copernicus had declared that the earth was a planet, like the other planets, and that like them it revolved, round the sun. Copernicus could not, however, prove, this to the men of his day, and few people paid any, great attention to his ideas., 26

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Galileo was the first great student of astronomy, to realise that the ideas of Copernicus were true,, and the first scholar to begin to teach them at the, university. His new teaching caused great, excitement among the learned men, because it meant, that all their teaching was completely wrong. They, began to oppose him and many of them became his, enemies. Then he got into trouble with the Church., His ideas about the sun and the earth were different, from what the Bible seemed to say; so the followers of, the Church began to look upon him as a wicked and, dangerous man., , ©, K, be T, B, re S, pu, bl, is, , he, , d, , 9., , No, t, , to, , 10. The Church had in those days a court called the, Inquisition which tried and punished those that it, considered unbelievers. Galileo was asked to appear, before this court. He was questioned about his beliefs, and was asked to kneel and declare that he no longer, believed that the earth moved round the sun. He knew, that if he refused to make this declaration, he might, be put in prison and, perhaps tortured. As he feared, torture, Galileo obeyed their order. There is a story that, as he rose from his knees after his public declaration,, he whispered to himself, “But still it does move.” The, court ordered Galileo not to teach his “wicked” ideas, anymore., 11. But Galileo did not obey the Church’s orders for long., He continued his studies and, after a time, started, teaching his ideas again. Besides, he wrote a book in, which he criticized the old beliefs. When the book came, out, the Inquisition once again ordered him to appear, before it to be tried as a non-believer. After a long trial,, he was sent to prison; but as he was now an old man,, he was allowed to go home twenty–two days later., 27

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Glossary :, invent, , :, , discover, :, , , find out something new., find out something which was already, there but was not known until then., , d, , astronomer, : a scientist who studies heavenly , bodies., :, , make bigger., , faint (adj.), , :, , not clear, , amazement, , :, , great surprise., , excite, , :, , feel pleased and interested., , looking tube, , :, , here, telescope., , realise, , :, , understand., , kneel, , :, , sit on one's knees., , whisper, , :, , speak in a very low voice., , ©, K, be T, B, re S, pu, bl, is, , he, , magnify, , Inquisition, :, , , , the organization set up by the, Roman Catholic Church to punish , people who opposed its beliefs., , unbeliever, , one who does not believe in god., , to, , :, , Note:, , No, t, , In 1758, the Church lifted the ban on most works, supporting Copernican theory, and by 1835, dropped, its opposition to Heliocentrism altogether. In the 20th, century, several Popes acknowledged the great work of, Galileo, and in 1992, Pope John Paul II expressed regret, about how the Galileo affair was handled., , 28

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Come, let us talk about this story., 1., , Some sentences given below are NOT TRUE. Correct, them and write them down. Discuss the points with, your partner., , d, , a. Learned men have always believed that the earth, moved round the sun. (T / NT), , he, , b. The first telescope ever made was invented by, Lippershey. (T / NT), , ©, K, be T, B, re S, pu, bl, is, , c. Galileo thought a telescope would help him in his, studies. (T / NT), d. Galileo watched the heavenly bodies in the clear night, sky. (T / NT), e. The people of Venice also turned the “Looking Tube”, towards the night sky. (T / NT), f. Galileo went on improving his telescopes. (T / NT), g. Copernicus had already said what Galileo was saying., (T / NT), , Talk to your partner about the points raised in these, questions and then write down what you said., a. How is our knowledge about the earth different from, the knowledge of people, even learned men, some four, hundred years ago?, , No, t, , 2., , to, , h. The Church set Galileo free because it finally agreed, with his ideas. (T / NT), , b. Who corrected people’s thinking about our earth in, the 17th century?, c. What is Lippershey’s contribution to astronomy?, d. What is the Milky Way?, 29

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e. In what ways is the moon similar to the earth?, f. Why was Galileo appointed professor at the University, of Padua?, , d, , g. What were the two important discoveries Galileo made, with his much improved telescope?, , he, , h. Who had made discoveries similar to Galileo’s in the, 16th century?, What trouble did Galileo bring upon himself by telling, truths about the heavenly bodies?, , j., , What is the ironic story about Galileo facing the, Inquisition?, , ©, K, be T, B, re S, pu, bl, is, , i., , Focus on Grammar :, 3., , Rewrite the first sentence of paragraph 2 in three, sentences., , a. A man ____________________________________________., , to, , b. He ___________________________________________ in the, year 1608., c. The telescope ______________________________________., , No, t, , Rewrite this sentence in two sentences. (Each sentence, must have seven words.), Galileo's was the first telescope that was ever turned, towards the stars., a. Galileo _______________________________________ stars., b. No one __________________________________him., 30

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Re-order the jumbled words to make a sentence:, 4. Seventeen words are given below. For the last two, words only clues are given. Make a sentence using these, words., , he, , d, , earth / but / include / trip / on / expensive / does /, free / the / living / is / it / a / around / sun / e _ _ _ _ /, y_ _ _., , ©, K, be T, B, re S, pu, bl, is, , a. Write down your sentence punctuating it., b. Read your sentence to your partner., c. What does the word “it” refer to?, , d. Which word in your sentence should you emphasize?, Read the sentence again stressing this word., e. Did you get the joke? How many “free trips” have you, made so far?, Pronunciation :, , When you say the following words, you stress the, third syllable from the end :, , to, , 5., , No, t, , as . ' tron . o . my; as .' trol . o . gy;, , bi .' ol . ogy;, , ge .' ol . o . gy ; phi .' los . o . phy; de, moc, ra, cy;, phys . i . o .' ther . a . py;, , dem . ' o . cra . cy;, , ar . is . ' toc . ra . cy;, , plu . ' to . cra . cy, , Do not stress the consonant sound in the syllable. , Stress the vowel sound. Practise saying the words., 31

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POEM, , SPRING, Pre-reading task :, Spring comes after winter. There are a lot of changes in, , he, , d, , Nature. You have studied about spring in other poems., , ©, K, be T, B, re S, pu, bl, is, , Tell your partner what you know about the spring season., , Spring, the sweet spring, is the year’s pleasant king,, Then blooms each thing, then maids dance in a ring,, Cold doth not sting, the pretty birds do sing:, Cuckoo, jug-jug, pu-we, to-witta-woo!, , The palm and may make country houses gay,, , Lambs frisk and play, the shepherds pipe all day,, And we hear aye birds tune this merry lay:, , to, , Cuckoo, jug-jug, pu-we, to-witta-woo!, , No, t, , The fields breathe sweet, the daisies kiss our feet,, Young lovers meet, old wives a-sunning sit,, In every street these tunes our ears do greet:, Cuckoo, jug-jug, pu-we, to witta-woo!, Spring, the sweet spring!, , - Thomas Nashe, , 33

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Glossary :, doth, , -, , , , , does, ay, aye / e, , I, , /adv. old use or poetical,, , always, continually (Scottish English), , -, , hawthorn flower, , hawthorn, , -, , a type of tree with red or white flowers, , , , which often grows beside country, , ©, K, be T, B, re S, pu, bl, is, , he, , d, , may, , , , roads, and has red berries in autumn, , tune (v), , -, , begin to sing, , tunes (v), , -, , a Series of musical notes, one after, , , , another, that produce a pleasing, , , , pattern of sound, , gay, , -, , cheerful, , lay, , -, , short narrative poem. In this context,, , , , -, , jump and run about playfully, , No, t, , to, , frisk, , short song, , 1., , Exercises, , Talk to your partner about the description of spring, in the poem. Write down what you say., , a. Why does the poet consider spring “as the year’s most, pleasant season”?, b. Describe the streets of the town in spring., 34

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UNIT – 4, , FRIEND IN NEED, , No, t, , to, , ©, K, be T, B, re S, pu, bl, is, , he, , d, , Pre-reading task :, Listening and Speaking:, Listen to what your teacher says and then answer his/, her questions., Boys and girls, when they become friends, help one, another. Imagine that a boy is in trouble. What will his friend, do? Will he just walk away?, No, he will stay with his friend and help him. Now, tell, me, has any one of you helped your friend at any time?, There are stories about animals who become friends and, help one another., Now. I will give you hints for two very short stories. Use, these hints and you tell me the stories., a. lion - sleep, - mouse - disturb - not kill, lion - net, - roar, - mouse - cut - save, b. bird - hunter - arrow - ant, - bit - save, ant - river, - bird, - leaf, - save, , 36

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he, , d, , 1. Sage Durvasa had taught Kunti a Mantra. It was a, secret verse to invoke the Gods. When invoked, they, would appear before her and bless her with sons equal, to themselves in glory. The young Kunti was at that, time waiting for her Swayamvara. But she had out of, curiosity invoked Surya, the Sun God. He had blessed, her with a child – a child who would prove to be the, greatest of all heroes., , ©, K, be T, B, re S, pu, bl, is, , 2. With the baby in her arms, Kunti wondered, “How, will I explain the child? Who will believe me?” With a, heavy heart, she placed the baby in a basket and set, it afloat on the river Ganga. He grew up in Adiratha's, house and became a hero called Karna., 3. “War is near,” Krishna said. “Your sons will fight, against their cousins. There will be much bloodshed.”, , No, t, , to, , 4. Kunti was deeply disturbed. The Pandavas would, fight against the Kauravas and Karna was on, Duryodhana’s side! Karna would fight against his, brothers. Perhaps kill them or be killed himself. He was, her precious first born whom she had never, acknowledged, never fondled with a mother’s love., Tears of despair welled up in her eyes. Kunti made, up her mind to tell Karna the truth. That was the, only way to persuade him to leave Duryodhana and, to fight on the side of the Pandavas. With Karna gone,, Duryodhana would be weaker in strength and spirit., The Pandavas would be able to vanquish him with, ease. This was the right time for Karna to learn the, secret of his birth., 5. Kunti hurried to the banks of the Ganga, where she, knew Karna would be at his morning prayers. Karna, was standing in the river as Kunti had expected. He, was facing the east, with his eyes closed., 37

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6. Kunti waited. Karna opened his eyes. He was, surprised to see Kunti. He bowed to her respectfully, and greeted her., , ©, K, be T, B, re S, pu, bl, is, , he, , d, , 7. “Oh Karna! My son, my son!” she wept, as she, related the story of his birth. He was her son, she said,, amid tears. He was her son, a prince of noble blood, of the house of Pandu. He was the child of Surya the, Sun–God, whom he had worshipped a moment, earlier. He was her first child, the eldest of the, Pandavas. Arjuna was his brother; Yudhishthira,, Bhima, Nakula, Sahadeva all were his brothers., 8. “It is the Pandavas you should lead, not Duryodhana’s, armies. Leave them. Come now! Join your brothers,, defend them against the Kauravas. My heart has been, heavy within me all these years. Bring me peace now.”, , No, t, , to, , 9. Karna embraced his mother gently and wiped away, her tears. He spoke to her in sad, gentle words., “Indeed I am a prince, son of Kunti, born to Surya., But Adiratha raised me. Adiratha gave me a father’s, care and gave me his name. Radha is my mother. She, lavished love and affection on me. She shared my, infant joys and sorrows and proudly watched me grow, into manhood. When Krupa challenged me to reveal, my parentage at the tournament, you could have, saved me, mother! If only you had revealed the truth, then, perhaps things would have been different now.", 10. “Son, son!” with tear-filled eyes, Kunti protested., Karna said, “It was Duryodhana then, who befriended, me and stood by me. He rebuked Bhima when he flung, hot words at me. To Duryodhana it did not matter, that I was a mere charioteer’s son. He gave me wealth,, 38

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d, , a kingdom, power, armies – more than that, he gave, me friendship, a lifelong friendship. Mother, would I, be an honourable man if I deserted him now? Would I, be worthy to be a warrior if I deserted the Kauravas to, join the Pandavas? Would that be right? Would it be, just? Would it become of Karna?”, , ©, K, be T, B, re S, pu, bl, is, , he, , 11. Karna’s smile was tinged with sadness. It was a, difficult choice but he did not hesitate to make, it. He held honour, duty and friendship above, everything else. “Would I not be a traitor and a cheat if I, desert him now?” he said. Kunti had no answer; she, was heartbroken. She bent her head in sorrow., Glossary :, , -, , a holy man, , mantra, , -, , a holy saying, , invoke, , -, , to make a request especially to god, , glory, , -, , greatness, , wonder (v), , -, , desire to know something; feel curious., , disturbed, , -, , got confused, , fondle, , -, , show love (of a mother), , persuade, , -, , make someone act/do something argue, beg, , hurry (v), , -, , move quickly, , No, t, , to, , sage, , heavy heart -, , sad, , raise, , -, , bring up (a child), , lavish (v), , -, , give something generously, , rebuke, , -, , scold, 39

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Come let us talk about this story :, 1., , Say to the partner, sitting next to you, whether the, following ideas are true or not true. Quote words, from the text to justify your answer., , d, , a. Kunti was happy after begetting her first child., (T / NT), , he, , b. It was the Pandavas who did not treat Karna kindly., (T / NT), , ©, K, be T, B, re S, pu, bl, is, , c. Kunti was right in asking Karna to join the Pandavas., (T / NT), d. Karna was sad but he was determined to fight on his, friend’s side. (T / NT), 2., , Speak to your partner about the points raised in, these questions. Write down what you say., , a. What had Durvasa taught Kunti?, b. Whom did Kunti invoke?, , to, , c. What was Kunti blessed with?, , d. What did Kunti do with the child?, , No, t, , e. Why was Kunti disturbed?, f. When did Kunti meet Karna to reveal the truth?, g. Why did Karna refuse to leave Duryodhana?, h. What did Kunti plead with Karna?, i., , Did Karna become a traitor?, , 40

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3., , Discuss with your friend and write down the answers, to the following questions in two or three sentences, each., a. What did Krishna tell Kunti?, , Read the following sentences. Discuss with your, friend and answer the questions that follow., , ©, K, be T, B, re S, pu, bl, is, , 4., , he, , c. How did Duryodhana help Karna?, , d, , b. Why did Karna dislike the Pandavas?, , a. “Would I not be a traitor and a cheat, if I deserted him, now?”, i., , Who is the “I”?, , ii. Who was this person speaking to?, iii. What was the answer?, , b. “It is the Pandavas you should lead, not Duryodhana’s, armies. Leave them.”, Who said this?, , to, , i., , ii. To whom was it said?, , No, t, , iii. Why did she say this?, , c. “Your sons will fight against their cousins. There will, be much bloodshed.”, i., , Who does the phrase “Your sons” refer to?, , ii. Who said this?, iii. Who will fight against whom?, 41

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Vocabulary :, 5., , The words in the box given below mean “a large, number of”, , he, , d, , For example, “a shoal of fish” refers to a large group of fish, swimming together. Discuss with your friend and complete, the following phrases with suitable words from the box., group;, , flight;, , galaxy;, , posse;, swarm;, , bundle;, pride;, , fleet;, colony;, , parliament; , giggle, , ©, K, be T, B, re S, pu, bl, is, , bunch;, , 1. a ____________ of constables. 7. a ____________ of steps., 2. a ____________ of stars., 8. a ____________ of ships., 4. a ____________ of people., , 10. a ____________ of keys., , 5. a ____________ of girls., , 11. a ____________ of ants., , 6. a ____________ of owls., , 12. a ____________ of lions., , to, , 9. a ____________ of sticks., , Strike off the words in the box below that are not, suitable., , No, t, , 6., , 3. a ____________ of bees., , Karna made a choice not to desert the Kauravas to join, the Pandavas., This shows that he held ____________ above everything else., thoughtfulness, hard work, honour, kindness, duty,, efficiency, honesty, friendship, pride, , 42

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Focus on grammar - Prepositions, 7., , Fill in the blanks with suitable prepositions in the, following sentences., , he, , d, , a. Kunti sat ________ the bank looking _______ Karna, as he stood ________ the river meditating __________, Surya., , ©, K, be T, B, re S, pu, bl, is, , b. Karna came up _________ the river and touched Kunti’s, feet., c. “You look very much worried, O, Great One, you have, never spoken ___________ me before,” said Karna., d. “I will do whatever I can __________ you. Tell me how I, can help you.”, Speaking :, 8., , Say the following sentences clearly but as quickly, as you can., , to, , a. I feel a feel a funny feel, a funny feel I feel, if you feel, the feel I feel, you will feel the feel I feel., , No, t, , b. His striving for perfection with constant preparation, and determination was not only his obsession but his, passion., Pronunciation, , Note : In words ending with ‘___tion’ and ‘____ssion’, the, stress falls on the last but one syllable, e.g. de.ter.mi.' na.tion,, ob.'se.ssion etc. Put the stress on the vowel sound, not the, consonant sound., 43

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POEM, , RAIN IN SUMMER, Pre-reading task :, , he, , d, , Have you experienced heavy rains? On the west coast,, it rains heavily for days together., 1. What do people do when it rains heavily?, , ©, K, be T, B, re S, pu, bl, is, , 2. Do they sit inside their houses?, 3. Do they go out and work?, , 4. Do they enjoy working in the rain?, , No, t, , to, , Discuss in groups., , How beautiful is the rain!, After the dust and heat,, In the broad and fiery street,, In the narrow lane,, How beautiful is the rain!, 45

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he, , ©, K, be T, B, re S, pu, bl, is, , Across the window-pane, It pours and pours;, And swift and wide,, With a muddy tide,, Like a river down the gutter roars, The rain, the welcome rain!, , d, , How it clatters along the roofs,, Like the tramp of hoofs, How it gushes and struggles out, From the throat of the overflowing spout!, , - H.W. Longfellow, , Glossary :, fiery, , -, , looking like fire, hot and bright,, , , , flaming, , clatter, , make rapid, short, knocking, , -, , sounds, hoof, , -, , horn-like part of an animal's foot,, , here the horse's, , tramp, , sound of heavy footsteps, here, , to, , , -, , footsteps of running horses, , spout, , pipe to throw out water from the, , No, t, , , -, , roof, gutter, , -, , channels at the sides of a road, , , , to carry away rain water., , tide, , swift flow., , -, , 46

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Exercises, Talk to your partner about these points in the poem., Give him / her your reasons for what you say. Write, down what you say., a., The poet says it was dusty and hot. What was dusty, , and hot? What does the rain do?, b., The poet is watching the rain from his portico. (true, , / not true), c., When do raindrops clatter on the roof?, , 1., Whenever heavy raindrops fall., , 2., When it is drizzling steadily., , 3., When there is a heavy downpour., d., The clatter sounds like a tramp of hoofs. So we may, , say that the poet's house has, , 1., a tiled roof, , 2., a tin roof, , 3., a reinforced concrete roof, , 4., a thatched roof., e., Where does the rain water flow? How does it flow?, f., Why does the poet welcome the rain?, Explain the meaning of the following phrases to your, partner :, a., fiery street, b., gush and struggle out., , No, t, , 2., , to, , ©, K, be T, B, re S, pu, bl, is, , he, , d, , 1., , 3., , Imagine what Longfellow saw, heard, felt, smelt and, thought. Tell that to your partner. Write down what, you say. Begin like this, The sun was hot. There was dust everywhere. Suddenly, there was the sound of the raindrops. With that came, the smell of the hot earth ............................................, .........................................................., 47

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UNIT – 5, , SELF–RELIANCE, , b. Is he noble or ignoble?, , ©, K, be T, B, re S, pu, bl, is, , c. Is he helpful, or dangerous?, , he, , a. Is there a hero, or antihero in you?, , d, , Answer each of these questions in two or more, sentences., , d. When the hero in you wants to come out, do you, usually suppress him or allow him to come out?, e. Find out an animal in this book that feels ashamed of, itself., , No, t, , to, , f. Find the poem `` ¤£À U É ¤Ã£É à UÉ ¼ É A iÀ Ä , ¤£À U É ¤Ã£É à '' by, Gopalakrishna Adiga, and read it., , 49

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he, , d, , 1. That morning I had lost all hopes of my future. I went, out and sat under a tree in a field in a dejected mood., To divert myself I began to watch a kid riding a bicycle, at a distance. He must be practising, I thought. Then, when I looked away for a moment, I heard a scream., I did not know what had happened, but the kid had, fallen into a ditch, and he was screaming. The boy’s, bicycle was also in a bad shape., , ©, K, be T, B, re S, pu, bl, is, , 2. I went to help him. “No, thanks,” the kid replied,, “I can help myself.” He seemed to be a self-reliant, child. He did not want others to show mercy on him., 3. He picked up the broken bicycle and limped back to, his house., 4. “If this child can do this, you can also be a self-reliant, person, can’t you?” I actually heard someone whisper, this in my mind. Grace seemed to have descended on, me. I felt a strong urge to deal with my problems, my, depression and my negative thoughts., , No, t, , to, , 5. I went home and picked up a book, to read. It was Thus Spake, Swami Vivekananda. On the, page I opened, these lines, appeared, “Once when a disciple, pleaded his helplessness with, Swami Vivekananda, Swamiji, thundered, “What nonsense are, you talking? Within you lies, indomitable power. Only thinking, I am nothing, I am nothing, you, have become powerless.” It is just escapism to say, “I am so miserable.” Every man has his burden to bear., 6. Swami Vivekananda did not suffer fools., 50

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7. If you are miserable try to conquer your misery and, try to be calm. Stand up. Be bold. Be strong. Do not, be a weakling. Take all your responsibilities on your, shoulders and know that you are the creator of your, own destiny., , he, , d, , 8. It is a big error to feel helpless. All the strength and, success you want is within you., , ©, K, be T, B, re S, pu, bl, is, , 9. If we cannot help ourselves, there is none to help us., To think that there is someone is sweet delusion. This, is the greatest lesson we should learn., 10. None else can help you, friend, get a hold on yourself., Then stand up. Don’t be afraid. In the midst of all, miseries and all weakness let the self come out, faint, and imperceptible though it be at first., , No, t, , to, , Glossary :, spake, – (old use or poetic) past tense of speak, scream (n), – very loud, high pitched cry, ditch, – long narrow channel cut into the, ground, grace, – the mercy of God, indomitable, – (adj) too strong to be discouraged, self-reliance, – ability to do things by yourself, thunder, – (verb) say something loudly, forcefully, conquer, – take complete control, escapism, – not facing reality, running away from, reality, suffer, – tolerate, bear with, sweet delusion – imagination, dreaming, impercetible, - gradual, 51

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Talking about the text :, 1., , Discuss these questions with your partner and write, down the answers., a. Why did the kid scream?, , he, , c. Who is the creator of your destiny?, , d, , b. How do you know that the kid is self-reliant?, , ©, K, be T, B, re S, pu, bl, is, , d. What advice did Swami Vivekananda give his, disciples?, e. What is escapism?, , f. Is feeling helpless always a form of escapism?, Vocabulary and dictionary work :, 2., , We think of some human qualities as positive and, some others as negative. For example ‘love’ as we, all agree, is a positive quality., , Tick against each noun given below in the appropriate, column. Use a good dictionary if you have to., , to, , Quality, , Positive, , love, , No, t, , , , honesty, , jealousy, courage, pride, , viciousness, tolerance, 52, , Negative

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selfishness, nobility, malice, , gratefulness, helplessness, , ©, K, be T, B, re S, pu, bl, is, , Give the full forms of, , won’t, , -, , weren’t, , -, , couldn’t, , -, , shouldn’t, , -, , you’d, , -, , he’s, , -, , I’ll, , -, , who’ll, , -, , we’d, , -, , don’t, , -, , No, t, , to, , 3., , he, , d, , cowardice, , 4. Spelling :, , What is common in the following groups of words?, , a. knee, knife, knot, know _________________, b. neighbour, daughter, fight, straight _________________, c. honest, honour, hour, heir ___________________, , 53

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Now you write down some more words with silent letters., 5., , Focus on Grammar :, , Phrases and Idioms, , he, , d, , Use a dictionary to identify the meaning of the idiom or, phrase italicized in each sentence below. Write down the, meaning in each case., a. The rear wheels got stuck in the mud., , ©, K, be T, B, re S, pu, bl, is, , b. She stuck her tongue out at the snake in the zoo!, , c. The journey was long and hot and they had no drinking, water, but they stuck it out cheerfully., d. We got stuck in a traffic jam for almost an hour., e. He didn’t want to be stuck with strangers during the, trip., 6. Writing :, , No, t, , to, , Imagine you got lost in the middle of a forest; you had no, food, no water to drink. Write about the things that happened, to you, and the things you did when you were wandering in, the forest., , ***, 54

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POEM, , PIPING DOWN THE VALLEYS WILD, Pre-reading task :, , No, t, , to, , ©, K, be T, B, re S, pu, bl, is, , he, , d, , Are you happy? What makes you happy? Discuss with, your partner and make a list of five objects which make you, happy. Discuss how they make you happy., , Piping down the valleys wild,, Piping songs of pleasant glee,, On a cloud I saw a child,, And he laughing said to me:—, , 55

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©, K, be T, B, re S, pu, bl, is, , he, , “Drop thy pipe, thy happy pipe,, Sing thy songs of happy cheer!”, So I sang the same again,, While he wept with joy to hear., , d, , “Pipe a song about a lamb:”, So I piped with merry cheer., “Piper, pipe that song again:”, So I piped: he wept to hear., , “Piper, sit thee down and write, In a book, that all may read—”, So he vanished from my sight;, And I plucked a hollow reed,, , And I made a rural pen,, And I stained the water clear,, And I wrote my happy songs, Every child may joy to hear., , to, , - William Blake, , Glossary :, , No, t, , valley, - the low land lying between hills or, mountains, often with a river flowing, through it, pipe, - a musical instrument with holes, played by blowing, piping, , - playing on the pipe, , merry, , - joyous, 56

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- state of hope and gladness, , wept, , - shed tears, , thy, , - your, , thee, , - you, , vanish, , - disappear, , pluck, , - pull away, , glee, , - feeling very happy, , reed, , - hollow stem of a plant, , ©, K, be T, B, re S, pu, bl, is, , he, , d, , cheer, , to celebrate - to praise, joy (verb), , - rejoice, , Talking about the poem :, 1., , Read the following questions and tell the answers, to your partner. Sometimes you will have to give, reasons for what you say. Write down what you say., , to, , a. In the first two stanzas of the poem you see two, people. Who are they? Are they happy or sad? How, can you say?, , No, t, , b. The child saw the piper first. (True/not true). How do, you know? Is the child a boy or a girl?, c. The child had heard the piper piping below. (True/not, true), d. Why did the piper pipe with merry cheer?, e. The child liked the song the piper piped. (True/not, true), 57

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f. “And I wrote my happy songs,” says the poet. What, did he wish to happen?, g. We have enjoyed this poem, haven’t we? Give reasons, for your answer., , d, , h. There are two incidents that can happen only in, someone’s dream. Skim the poem and find them., Why does only the child speak to the piper, not the, piper to the child?, , j., , The child hears the piper piping and the piper, the, child speaking (True/not true), , ©, K, be T, B, re S, pu, bl, is, , he, , i., , k. Does the poet praise the quality of innocence? Skim, the poem and find two symbols of innocence., Writing :, Work with your partner and do the exercise given below., This poem is an expression of simple joys of life. It is a, celebration of innocence. It _ _ _ a dream-like quality. You, will _ _ _ two incidents that can happen _ _ _ _ in someone’s, , to, , dream. There is joyous activity here. A piper catches the fancy, of a _ _ _ _ _. The child _ _ _ _ on asking him to do things one, , No, t, , after the _ _ _ _ _. He does _ _ _ _, good-humouredly., , ***, 58

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UNIT – 6, , TRUE HEIGHT, Pre-reading task :, Listening and speaking : Your teacher will narrate an, incident. Listen carefully., , he, , d, , Nagaraje Gowda and Jayamma are farmers. They live in, Hosanagara, an obscure village in South Karnataka., , ©, K, be T, B, re S, pu, bl, is, , On the midnight of September 3rd, 2012, Monday, they, were waiting for a phone call from some five thousand miles, away. The call came. Their son's voice said, “Amma, I have, won Silver.” Their joy knew no bounds., , No, t, , to, , H.N. Girisha had won the Silver Medal in Paralympics in, London earlier that night. An eighty-thousand capacity crowd,, some two-thousand Indians among them, had cheered him, lustily., , Courtesy : Vijaya Karnataka 5.9.2012, , The twenty-four year old young man had cleared a height, of 1.74/m. using the scissors technique in Men's High Jump, event., Girisha was born with an impairment in his leg., (Your teacher will ask you some questions. Answer them.), , 59

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d, he, ©, K, be T, B, re S, pu, bl, is, , (In this story a seventeen-year old boy clears the bar that, is set at 17 feet 6½ inches and gets the first place. But 'True, Height' refers to another kind of height – his whole personality.), , No, t, , to, , 1. His palms were sweating. A glass of ice-water quenched, his thirst but hardly cooled his intensity. The turf, he sat on was as hot as the competition he faced, today at the National Junior Olympics. The bar was, set at 17 feet. That was three inches higher than his, personal best. Michael Stone confronted the most, challenging day of his pole vaulting career. The stand, was still filled with about twenty thousand people,, even though the final race had ended an hour earlier., 2. The pole vault is truly the glamour event of any track, and field competition. The sportsman combines, 60

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the grace of a gymnast with the strength of a body, builder. Pole vaulting also has an element of flying and, the thought of flying as high as a two-storeyed building, is a mere fantasy to anyone watching such an event., That day is not only Michael Stone’s reality and, dream – it is his quest., , ©, K, be T, B, re S, pu, bl, is, , he, , d, , 3. As long as Michael could remember, he had, always dreamed of flying. Michael’s mother read him, numerous stories about flying when he was, growing up. Her excitement and passion for detail, made Michael’s dreams full of colour and beauty. He, would be running down a country road. He could feel, the rocks and chunks of dirt at his feet. As he raced, down the golden-lined wheat fields, he would always, outrun the locomotive passing by. He would begin, soaring like an eagle. Where he flew would always, coincide with his mother’s stories. His dad on the other, hand was not a dreamer. Bert Stone was a realist. He, believed in hard work and sweat., , No, t, , to, , 4. From the age of fourteen Michael did just that. He, began a very careful and regimented weightlifting, programme. He worked out every day with weights and, did running work on alternate days. The programme, was closely monitored by Michael’s coach, trainer, and father. Michael’s dedication, determination and, discipline was a coach’s dream. Besides being an, honour student, Michael continued to help his, parents with their farm chores. His persistence in, striving for perfection was not only his obsession but, also his passion., 5. Milfred Stone, Michael’s mother, wished that he could, relax a bit more and be that “free dreaming” little boy., 61

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6. All Michael’s vaults today seem to be the, reward of his hard work. He cleared the bar at 17 feet, 2 inches and 17 feet 4 inches and became one of the, final two competitors in the pole-vaulting event at the, National Junior Olympics., , ©, K, be T, B, re S, pu, bl, is, , he, , d, , 7. Constant preparation and determination were his, strengths. As he lay on his back and heard the crowd, groan, he knew the other vaulter had missed his final, jump. He knew it was time for his final jump. Since, the other vaulter had fewer misses, Michael needed to, clear this vault to win. A miss would get him second, place. Nothing to be ashamed of, but Michael would, not allow himself the thought of not winning the first, place., , No, t, , to, , 8. He rolled over and did his ritual push-ups. He found, his pole, stood up and stepped on the runway that, led to the most challenging event of his seventeenyear - old life. The runway felt different this time. It, startled him for a brief moment. The bar was set at nine, inches higher than his personal best. That’s only one, inch off the National record, he thought. The intensity, of the moment filled his mind with anxiety. He began, shaking off the tension from his body. It wasn’t, working. He became more tense. He began to get, nervous. He had never experienced such feelings, before. Then, out of nowhere, and from the deepest, depths of his soul he thought of his mother. Why now?, What was his mother doing in his thoughts at a time, like this? It was simple. His mother always used to tell, him to take deep breaths when he felt tensed, anxious, or even scared., 9. So he did. Along with shaking the tension from his, legs, he gently laid his pole at his feet. He stretched, 62

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d, , out his arm and upper body. The light breeze that was, once there was now gone. He could feel a trickle of cold, sweat running down his back. He carefully picked up, his pole. He felt his heart pounding. He was sure the, crowd did too. The silence was deafening. When he, heard the singing of some distant robins in flight, he, knew it was his time to fly., , ©, K, be T, B, re S, pu, bl, is, , he, , 10. As he began sprinting down the runway, something, felt wonderfully different yet familiar. The surface, below him felt like the country road he used to dream, about. The rocks and chunks of dirt, the visions of, the golden wheat fields seemed to fill his thoughts., When he took a deep breath, it happened. He began, to fly. His take off was effortless. Michael Stone was, now flying, just like in his childhood dreams. But this, was real. Everything was moving in slow motion. The, air around him was the purest and freshest he had, ever sensed. Michael was soaring with the majesty of, an eagle., , No, t, , to, , 11. It was either the eruption from the people in the stands, or the thump of his landing that brought Michael, back to earth. On his back with that wonderful hot, sun on his face, he could only imagine the smile on, his mother’s face and hear his dad’s laughter. What, he didn’t know was that his dad was hugging his wife, and crying harder than Milfred had ever seen before,, shedding tears of pride., 12. Michael was immediately swarmed by people, hugging and congratulating him on the greatest, accomplishment of his life. He later went on to, clear 17 feet 6½ inches that day – a National and, International Junior Olympics record. With all the, media attention and heartfelt congratulations,, 63

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Michael’s life would never be the same. It wasn’t just, because he had won the National Junior Olympics, and set a new world record. And it wasn’t because he, had just increased his personal best by 9½ inches. It, was simply because ................., , he, , Glossary :, hardly cooled his intensity –, , vault (V), –, , , pole-vault, –, , , athlete, _, , d, , 13. Michael Stone was blind., , No, t, , to, , ©, K, be T, B, re S, pu, bl, is, , in this context, did not, reduce his tension, jump over something in one, movement using the hands, or a pole to gain more height, a sporting event in which you, use a long pole to jump over, a high bar., a person who is skilled in, bodily exercises and who, competes in games that need, strength and speed such, as running and jumping., chunks, – lump, part, portion, realist, – very sensible and practical, p e r s o n w h o a c c e p t s, situations as they come, regimented, – strict and organised, honour student, – in this context, an excellent, student, chore, – daily or regular tasks in a, house or a farm, persistence, – determination, , purposefulness, 64

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a thing that somebody thinks, about too much, a rather loud sound of, suffering, worry. But here a, loud sound of disapproval, which is made in a deep voice., running track., strong in quality or feeling;, intense fear, nervousness., fear, especially as caused by, uncertainty about something, running at a very high speed, but for a short period., surrounded by., , ©, K, be T, B, re S, pu, bl, is, , he, , d, , obsession, –, , groan (v), –, , , , runway, –, intensity, –, , anxiety, –, , sprinting down, –, , swarmed with, –, , Shall we talk about this story?, , Talk about the points raised in these questions. Write, them down in your notebook. Discuss the answers, with your partner., a. Which was the competition that Michael Stone, participated in at the age of 17?, b. What was the height at which the pole was set for, vaulting?, c. What was Michael Stone’s best personal record in pole, vaulting?, d. What kind of stories did Michael’s mother read to him, when he was growing up?, e. Who monitored Michael’s training?, f. When did Michael’s mother ask him to take deep, breaths?, g. “He was sure the crowd did too.” Explain the meaning, of this statement., , No, t, , to, , 1., , 65

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2., , Answer the following questions in two or three, sentences each. Discuss the answers with your, partner. Write them down in your note book., a. Why is 'pole vaulting' referred to as a glamour event?, c. What sort of a man was Bert Stone?, , d, , b. What kind of dream did Michael have repeatedly?, , he, , d. When did Michael realise that it was time for his final, jump to win the National Junior Olympics medal?, , ©, K, be T, B, re S, pu, bl, is, , e. Why do you think he remembered his mother just, before his final jump?, f. “With, all, the media attention and hearty, congratulations, Michael’s life would never be the, same.” Why?, 3., , In groups, discuss the answers to the following, questions and then write the answers in 5 or 6, sentences., a. Explain the training programme Michael Stone, underwent to emerge the winner in the National Junior, Olympics., , No, t, , to, , b. Describe in your words the sense of jubilation Michael, felt on winning the pole-vault event in the National, Junior Olympics., , 4., , There are some jumbled words and phrases given, below. Write them in the correct order to make, sentences., , a. at the National Junior Olympics / he faced today / the, Astro turf / was as hot as / he sat on / the competition, b. the golden-lined wheat fields / passing by / he would, always / as he raced down / outrun the locomotive, 66

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5., , Read the given extracts and answer the questions, that follow. Work with your partner to do this., , Who is the “he” referred to here?, , -, , Why did he think of his mother?, , -, , How did it help him?, , he, , -, , d, , a. “Then out of nowhere, and from the deepest depths of, his soul, he imagined his mother.”, , 6., , ©, K, be T, B, re S, pu, bl, is, , b. “As he began sprinting down the runway, something, felt wonderfully different, yet familiar.”, -, , Who began sprinting down the runway?, , -, , Why was he doing that?, , -, , What felt wonderfully different, yet familiar?, , Fill in the blanks choosing suitable words given in, brackets :, [take-off, soaring, flying, breath, slow motion], , No, t, , to, , When Michael Stone took a deep ____________ it happened., He began to fly. His __________ was effortless. Michael Stone, was now __________, just like in his childhood dreams. But, this was real. Everything was in ___________. Michael was, ___________ with the majesty of an eagle., , 7., , Work with your partner and do these exercises., (Use a good dictionary to find the meanings), , Circle the odd one out :, i. hammer, ii. discus, i. bat, ii. stick, i. scorer, ii. bowler, 67, , iii. javelin, iii. club, iii. fielder, , iv. shot, iv. pole, iv. keeper

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he, , d, , Tell your partner why you think your answers are correct., , •, •, •, •, •, •, , a shuttle-cock, with a string, , of identical length, , usually of duck or goose, , into a rounded cork base, , glued and bound together, is made of 16 feathers, , to, , •, , ©, K, be T, B, re S, pu, bl, is, , Read to your partner the phrases given below. They are, jumbled. Reorder them to make a sentence. Write down, the sentence and punctuate it., • and tucked, , Grammar, , Read these sentences., , No, t, , 8., , Adjectives, , a. I went on a long journey., b. Radha does not enjoy loud music., , The word long describes the length or the time of journey, and loud describes the music. Instead of saying, “I went on a, journey that was long,” we can say, “I went on a long journey.”, 68

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Instead of saying, “Radha does not enjoy music that is loud.”, we can say, “Radha does not enjoy loud music.”, , c. She wore a beautiful green dress., , ©, K, be T, B, re S, pu, bl, is, , Exercise, , he, , d. Neil lives in that tall white building., , d, , The colour adjectives usually come after the other, adjectives. We don’t usually put “and” between adjectives that, come before nouns., , Word Order, 1., , Put the given adjectives in the proper order and, write this story in your notebook. Add necessary, punctuation marks., , Begin like this, , One fine day, a long time ago., , Put the words in the correct order and continue the, story., , No, t, , 2., , to, , a girl (little, beautiful) in a coat (red) was walking through, a forest (dark) with a bag (big) of apples (red wonderful) to see, her grandmother (old) under a tree (tall green) she saw a wolf, (big bad) with teeth (white long), , “good little girl morning.” / said big the bad wolf /, “going you where are / that with bag heavy / day this, fine on?” / “going to see my grandmother” / girl the said, little/ “lives small she in house a new the supermarket, near”, , 3., , Put adjectives from the box to complite the story., [new, , friendly stupid, 69, , little red, , dark]

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“OK” said the wolf in a ____________ voice, but thought,, “I’ll eat her up on her way back.” The _______________ girl was, not_____________. She thought, “I will not walk back through, this______________ forest at all. I will drive back with my uncle, in his ______________ _______________car.”, Study these sentences :, a. Shreyas is older than Amogh., , he, , 4., , d, , Comparatives and superlatives :, , ©, K, be T, B, re S, pu, bl, is, , b. Shreyas is the oldest of all his brothers., , Notice that we use comparatives (+er) for one-syllabled, adjectives and more for longer adjectives. We use superlative, (+est) for one-syllable adjectives and most for longer adjectives., We use comparatives to compare people and things with, other people and things., We use superlatives with “the” to compare people and, things with all of the group that they are in., Exercise :, , to, , Insert a comparative or a superlative :, a. My new car is ____________ than my old car. (fast), b. My mother and her sisters are all __________ than their, children. (short), , No, t, , 1., , c. I think Arathi is ___________ person in our class., (intelligent), d. Let’s meet in the library. It’s ___________ than all the, other rooms. (quiet), e. My bedroom is ____________ room in the house. (cold), 70

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2., , Compare each pair of things in the box. Write two, sentences for each pair. The adjectives are given to, help you., , the sun and the moon ; dogs and cats ; the Sahara and the, Thar deserts ; train travel and air travel, , he, , d, , (Adjectives : bright, cold, friendly, hot, cheap, intelligent,, small, fast), The sun is brighter than the moon., , , , The moon is smaller than the sun., , ©, K, be T, B, re S, pu, bl, is, , Eg :, , a. ____________________________________________________, b. ____________________________________________________, c. ____________________________________________________, d. ____________________________________________________, e. ____________________________________________________, f. ____________________________________________________, Use of as ....... as, , Read these sentences., , to, , 1., , a. Sana is as tall as Satvik., , No, t, , b. Hyderabad is as hot as Chennai in summer., We use 'as ...... as' to compare two people or things., , 2., , Use the clues and make sentences with as ...... as., , a. Nayana /shy / Srujan, b. Her feet / cold / ice, c. Anudeep / intelligent /Anurag, , 71

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Tasks / Function / Describing :, 1. Work in groups of five and discuss your favourite, sportsperson. Note down the points and make a, presentation in class., , d, , 2. Work in pairs. Share your experience of having felt, nervous before some event. Here are a few clues., The event – what it was, where it was held, , -, , How you felt (your feelings), , -, , What you had to do, , ©, K, be T, B, re S, pu, bl, is, , he, , -, , 3. A newspaper headline is given below, but its words, are jumbled. Ask your partner how to make a, meaningful headline from this jumble., golden – quit – Vault’s – to – 2 years – Pole – girl – in, , Writing :, , Imagine you are Michael Stone. After you win the pole, vaulting event in the National Junior Olympics you make a, diary entry of your experience on that day. Make this entry, in 50 – 60 words., , to, , Tell your partner what words go in the blanks in the, following passage. Write down the words., , No, t, , Look at the picture on page 60, What is the athlete doing?, , Is he j _ _ _ _ _ _? No. Actually it is called vaulting,, _ _ _ jumping. How is an athlete able to vault so _ _ _ _ ?, He uses a pole. He lifts _ _ _ _ _ _ _ up in the air with the, _ _ _ _ of the pole. This kind of athletic event is called Pole Vault., In _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ an _ _ _ _ _ _ _ can vault 17 to 18 feet., , ***, 72

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POEM, , NATURE’S FRIEND, Pre–reading task :, , he, , d, , There are a lot of lovely things in the world. They, make us happy, especially children like you. Some of the, beautiful things are a garden, birds, flowers, animals, specially, pets., , No, t, , to, , ©, K, be T, B, re S, pu, bl, is, , Discuss with your partner any two things you love most., , Say what you like,, All things love me!, I pick no flowers —, That wins the Bee. 1, 73

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The Summer's Moths, Think my hand one —, To touch their wings —, With Wind and Sun. 2, , ©, K, be T, B, re S, pu, bl, is, , he, , d, , The garden Mouse, Comes near to play;, Indeed, he turns, His eyes away. 3, The Wren knows well, I rob no nest;, When I look in,, She still will rest. 4, , The hedge stops Cows., Or they would come, After my voice, Right to my home. 5, , No, t, , to, , The Horse can tell,, Straight from my lip,, My hand could not, Hold any whip. 6, , Say what you like,, All things love me!, Horse, Cow, and Mouse,, Bird, Moth, and Bee. 7, , - W.H. Davies, 74

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Now, discuss the points raised in these questions, with your partner. Write down what you say., a. The poem begins with the words, “Say what you like”, What does this expression mean?, , ©, K, be T, B, re S, pu, bl, is, , 1., , he, , Exercises, , d, , Glossary :, hedge, a line of bushes planted along, , the edge of the lawn in front of the poet's, house, wren , a small brown bird, moth , large-winged insect, , a., , “You may believe me or not”., , b. You may like what I say or not like it”., c., , “.................. and I will get it for you”, , d. “Tell me what you want to say”., , b. What does “that” in line 4 refer to?, , to, , c. “That wins the bee.” So the bee is defeated. (True/not, true), d. Think about the meaning of the second stanza., , No, t, , Which of the meanings given below is correct?, 1. I touch the moth's wings as delicately as wind , and sun., 2. Only I touch the moth's wings., , e. What did the poet do to turn the mouse’s eyes away?, f. Why has the wren become the poet’s friend?, g. The poet tells us, animals love voices and faces of, people. What examples does he give?, 75

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UNIT – 7, , I WANT TO QUIT THE I.C.S., Pre-reading task :, Let us remember some of our great national leaders., , he, , d, , a. Who is the man who grew up to be a great leader after, he came back from South Africa?, , ©, K, be T, B, re S, pu, bl, is, , b. Who is the man who wrote letters to his daughter when, he was in prison? What more do you know about him?, c. Who was the great leader who said, “Jai Jawan, Jai, Kisan?”, d. Who is the national leader who is called “The Iron man, of India?”, e. Who built an army to fight with the British? What was, that army called?, , No, t, , to, , (Subhas Chandra Bose whom we call Netaji, left, India in 1919 for England with a promise to his father that, he would appear for the Indian Civil Services Examination., He was selected in his first attempt, but he did not, want to work under an alien ruler. He resigned his civil, service post and jumped into the freedom movement., He became an active member of the Congress. He was, elected president of the Congress in 1938., In this letter, Bose seeks the advice of Deshabandhu, Chittaranjan Das, who was the undisputed leader of the, Congress at that time, about what he should do after, quitting the government job., , 77

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The Union Society, Cambridge,, 16 February 1921, Sir,, , he, , d, , 1. My name is Subhas Chandra Bose. I am probably a, stranger to you but you will perhaps recognize me if I tell you, who I am. I am writing this letter to you on a very important, matter – but before I come to business, I must first prove my, sincerity. Therefore, I shall first introduce myself., , ©, K, be T, B, re S, pu, bl, is, , 2. My father Mr.Janakinath Bose is a practising advocate, at Cuttack. One of my elder brothers, Mr.Sharat Chandra, Bose is a barrister of Calcutta High Court. In 1919 I passed, the B.A. examination and got a first class in honours., 3. I arrived here in 1919 in the month of October. I passed, the Civil Service Examination in August 1920 and secured the, fourth place. In June this year I shall take the examination, in moral science Tripos. The same month I shall get the B.A., degree here., , No, t, , to, , 4. Now I shall come to business. I have no desire at, all to enter government service. I want to quit the I.C.S., I know very well that if after quitting the service I plunge into, national work with determination, I shall have, plenty of work to do like teaching at the National College, that you have established in Calcutta, writing and, publishing books and newspapers, organizing village, societies, spreading education among the common people, etc., , 5. I would like to know what works you may be able to, allot to me in this great programme of National service. Of, education and intelligence I have but little, but I believe, I have the enthusiasm of youth. As regards my education,, I have read something of philosophy because that was my, Honours subject in Calcutta, and I am doing the same subject, in my Tripos here. Thanks to the Civil Service Examination, I have had an all-round education up to a certain standard, 78

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in Economics, Political Science, English, Law, Sanskrit, and, Geography., 6. I desire to give up the service with clear-cut plans. If I, can do that, I shall not have to spend time not knowing what, to do. I shall be able to enter the field of work immediately., , ©, K, be T, B, re S, pu, bl, is, , he, , d, , 7. I am now in a sense a government servant because I am, now I.C.S. probationer. I did not dare to write to you directly, lest my letter should be censored. I am sending this letter, through a trusted friend of mine. He will deliver the letter, personally to you. Whenever I write to you, I shall be doing, so in this way. You may of course write to me because there, is no danger of letters being censored here., , to, , 8. I have a few ideas in my mind regarding the movement. I, think there must be a permanent meeting place; we must have, a house for this purpose. There will be a group of research, students, who will be carrying on research on various national, problems. My personal view is that we have to maintain a, permanent staff. They will do research on individual problems., Booklets will be published in every provincial language by the, Propaganda Department and will be distributed free among, the general public. Apart from that a book will be published, by the Propaganda Department on each and every question in, our national life. In such a book the policy of the organization, will be explained and the grounds on which such a policy has, been formulated will also be given., , No, t, , 9. I have written so much. These questions are not new to, you. I feel that tremendous work lies ahead of us in connection, with the movement. If you wish so I shall probably be able to, make some contribution in this respect., I am,, Yours respectfully,, Subhas Chandra Bose, {Abridged}, 79

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No, t, , to, , ©, K, be T, B, re S, pu, bl, is, , he, , d, , Glossary :, quit, - to stop doing something and leave., sincerity, - the quality of being free from deceit,, or falsehood., honours, - a specialized university graduate, degree., tripos, - the set of examinations for the, B.A.degree at Cambridge University., business, – here, the matter he wants to discuss, enthusiasm, – a strong feeling of interest and, admiration, probationer, – an officer who is still receiving, training., trusted, – one in whose honesty and ability you, have full faith., propaganda, – action to influence public opinion on, some matter by spreading beliefs,, ideas etc., alien, – a foreigner, Tell your partner to answer these questions and write, down what he / she says., 1., Read the given extracts to your partner and discuss, the answers with him / her ., a. “I’m writing this letter to you on a very important, matter.”, i., , Who is writing the letter here?, , ii. Whom is he writing to?, iii. What is that very important matter?, , b. “I want to quit the I.C.S.”, i., , What is I.C.S.?, , ii. Why did he want to quit the I.C.S.?, iii. When did he pass the I.C.S.?, 80

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c. “Booklets will be published in every provincial, language.”, i., , Who would publish these ‘booklets’?, , ii. Why should the booklets be published in every, provincial language?, , he, , Answer in two or three sentences each., a. Why did Subhas Chandra Bose think it proper to give, a detailed introduction of his family and himself to, C.R. Das?, , ©, K, be T, B, re S, pu, bl, is, , 2., , d, , iii. Would people be asked to buy the booklets?, , b. What options did he have in his mind after quitting, the I.C.S.?, c. How did the Civil Service Examination help him?, d. Why didn’t he dare to write directly to C.R.Das?Whom, did he send his letter with?, Work with your partner and discuss the points raised, in these questions. Give your reasons for what you, say. Write down what you say., a. Subhas Chandra Bose was _____________________ in, Cuttack, Orissa on January 23, 1897. His, ______________ was Prabhavati and his ______________, was Janakinath Bose. ______________ Bose was a, famous lawyer., , No, t, , to, , 3., , b. Exactly how old was Subhas on the day he wrote this, letter?, c. His very first words in this letter are polite and, respectful. (True / not true), , d., , Subhas brags about his educational qualifications, (True / not true), , e., , In those days people sailed in ships to foreign, countries. How many months after his graduation did, 81

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Subhas travel on the sea to England? Did any elderly, person accompany him?, Subhas says that he will remain in England till, ____________., , g., , Subhas spent his time travelling in England, throughout his twenty months stay there. (True / not, true), , h., , Subhas was __________ very young, but his heart was, _________ with patriotic feelings. He was prepared to, serve his __________ as a teacher, educationist and as, a s _ _ _ _ _ w _ _ _ _ _., , j., k., l., , he, , ©, K, be T, B, re S, pu, bl, is, , i., , d, , f., , You can understand if a young man says he wants to, write books and articles. But Subhas says he wants to, publish newspapers. What would you say about this?, , What does Bose request C.R. Das to do? (See paragraph 5), Subhas did not want C. R. Das to be questioned by, some British officer. (True / not true), Subhas says he doesn’t mind being questioned about, letters addressed to him. (True / not true), , n., , The problems had to be studied closely. Who had to, do it?, What was the plan to make these problems known to, the ordinary people?, , No, t, , o., , to, , m. India was under British rule then, Bose says this had, created problems for India. (True / not true), , 4. Reading :, Read paragraphs 6 and 7 carefully and pick out the, sentences which contain the following words and phrases., a) lest, b) in a sense, c) did not dare, d) to give up, , e) of mine, 82, , f) of course

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©, K, be T, B, re S, pu, bl, is, , he, , d, , 5. Words in use :, Working with your partner, frame your own sentences, with the words given below., probably;, recognize;, enthusiasm;, determination;, allot;, overenthusiastic., Language Function :, 1., Read the sentences aloud to your partner. Tell him/, her what the speaker is doing., a. If you get a first class this time, I will buy you a bicycle., (making a p _ _ _ _ _ _), b. You will fail in the examination, if you sit all day in, front of the T.V. (giving a w _ _ _ _ _ _), c. You will feel much better if you take these tablets., (giving a _ _ _ _ _), d. If you do that again, you will be punished. (this is a, reprimand), 2., , Now complete these sentences using the words given, in the brackets., a. If you ask him, .......................................... (help), , to, , b. If it rains, .......................................... (not come), , No, t, , c. Your father will punish you, ...................................., (don’t go), d. I will tell father, ............................................ (T.V), , Writing :, 3., Write 6 – 8 sentences about what do you think of, Subhash's character. Note that he was very young at, that time., , ***, 83

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POEM, , THE COMET AND THE MOON, , Pre-reading task :, , ©, K, be T, B, re S, pu, bl, is, , What makes you bored?, , he, , When do you get bored?, , d, , Sit with your partner and discuss the following :, , No, t, , to, , What do you do to relieve your boredom?, , In this poem the moon asks a speeding comet to stop and, listen to his worries., , 84

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“Tell me” said the comet,, As it whooshed past the moon's pale face,, “Why do you look so sulky, As you make your way through space?”, , ©, K, be T, B, re S, pu, bl, is, , You are free to flare and sizzle,, You roam like rockets do,, , he, , To always plod the same path, In chains of gravity., , d, , “You will sulk as well,” the moon said,, if you were doomed like me,, , While I am stuck here in the orbit, Of the Earth ........... I envy you., Once things were better - spacemen, Came up to float and walk, And scratch my back., Now life’s too dull, “So, comet, stay and talk.”, The comet didn't answer,, , to, , Already it had gone, To wag its tail round Venus, While the moon trudged on., , No, t, , - Richard Edwards, , Glossary :, , comet, , , , a celestial body that moves around, the sun and looks like a bright star, with a tail, , whoosh, , , make a soft sound when moving, very fast., , sulky, , in a bad temper, refusing to talk, , -, , 85

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plod, , -, , walk laboriously, , chains of gravity , , confined to the force that attracts the, bodies to the centre of the earth, , flare, , blaze with bright flame, , -, , make a hissing sound as of water, falling on hot metal, , envy, , , feeling of discontent aroused by, another's better fortune., , trudge, , walk laboriously, traverse, , he, , ©, K, be T, B, re S, pu, bl, is, , -, , d, , sizzle, , , Come, let us talk about this poem :, 1., , Ask the following questions to your partner and write, down the answer., , a. Who whooshed past the moon's pale face ?, b. Who was sulking?, , c. When was life better for the moon?, , d. Why did the comet not answer the moon?, , Ask the following questions to your partner and write, down the answers., , to, , 2., , No, t, , a. What did the comet want to know when he saw the, pale-faced moon?, b. Why does the moon think that he is doomed?, c. Why does the moon envy the comet?, d. Which line in stanza 5 suggests that the comet is very, active? Explain., e. The moon is non-human. He does two things which, we humans do. What are they? What figure of speech, is this?, 86

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UNIT – 8, , THE GIFTS OF NATURE, Pre-reading task :, , Listening and speaking :, , d, , Listen to your teacher's questions and answer them., , he, , Man cannot live without the gifts Nature has given him., Name three gifts Nature has given us., , ©, K, be T, B, re S, pu, bl, is, , Why does water get polluted? Why does air get polluted?, , to, , Why is soil losing its fertility? Why does man destroy, forests? What happens if man becomes too greedy and selfish?, , No, t, , 1. We all know that God has given us the most beautiful, gift – the gift of Nature. We have the long range of, mountains, the wide oceans, the sparkling streams,, the dense forests, the animals, birds and insects., We have colourful flowers, fruits, the earth we live on, and even the air we breathe. These gifts of Nature are, ours to admire, use and preserve. It is our moral duty, to look after the things God has given us. We must, learn to take care of the gifts of Nature, so that these, are not destroyed or harmed. We must not use the, 88

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gifts of Nature for our selfish ends, but instead, work, to preserve them., , ©, K, be T, B, re S, pu, bl, is, , he, , d, , 2. A hundred years ago, there were many more animals, than there are today. But, over the years, hunters, have killed them for sport or food in large numbers. It, is feared that some species may soon become extinct., Today these varieties of animals like tigers, lions and, some rare species are on the verge of extinction. If, we do not take care of these rare animals, there will, soon be none left, except in pictures. We must not kill, animals and birds for sport. We should also preserve, the forests so that the wild animals can thrive and, multiply., 3. To most of us the ocean is an endless expanse of, water where there are countless fishes. But today we, are making the ocean dirty by throwing tons and tons, of refuse into the rivers and oceans. This is known as, water pollution. Huge ships sometimes sink in bad, weather and oil spreads over the surface of the ocean,, thus preventing fishes and water creatures from, breathing. We have to be careful if we wish to preserve, the waters for the fishes and sea creatures., , No, t, , to, , 4. If you ever go for a picnic on the banks of a river,, be careful not to throw your waste paper and tins, and bottles into the river. Avoid washing dirty dishes, in the river. Help to keep the river water clean and, usable., 5. Trees are said to be "Green Gold". They are so, valuable to us that we cannot live without them. It is, necessary to cut down trees in order to build our, houses and for furniture. But we should also plant, more and more trees to maintain ecological balance., This is seldom done. We should help by planting, saplings in the parks and along road sides. We should, see to it that cattle do not destroy the young plants., 89

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6. If you go out on a trek remember to be very careful, when you light the camp-fire. The fire must be put out, before you leave the camp to avoid accidental forest, fires., , he, , d, , 7. We all admire flowers in a garden. A well kept lawn is, a joy to behold. In a city, a nursery of flowers is such, a lovely sight that it makes us feel we should plant, one in our home., , ©, K, be T, B, re S, pu, bl, is, , 8. When you go to the park for a picnic or a walk, you, must not pick flowers from the plants. If you want, some flowers, ask the gardener. He will tell you which, flowers are ready for picking. Be careful not to step, on the flowerbeds and remember not to take your pet, animals to the park., 9. You know that bees and butterflies help to carry the, pollen of flowers from one place to another. Like most, insects, they have an important function in nature., Therefore, do not catch butterflies or destroy the hives, of bees., , to, , 10. Nature’s beauty is for all of us to admire and enjoy., The moon, the stars, mountains and seas are a great, source of beauty and inspiration to us. We must learn, to appreciate this beauty and marvel at the wonderful, handiwork of God., , No, t, , Glossary :, dense, –, , preserve, –, , extinct, –, prevent, –, saplings, –, camp-fire, –, , , closely-packed or crowded together,, closely grown, to keep something as it is, in order to, prevent it from being destroyed, not existing, to stop something from happening, young plants, it is a fire that you light out of doors, when you are camping, 90

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Discuss with your partner and write down the answers, to the following questions in two or three sentences, each., a. What are the gifts of Nature?, b. Why should we not destroy the gifts of Nature?, c. There were many more animals than there are today., Why? Discuss., d. What is water pollution?, e. Give three examples where trees are used in our daily, life., f. Why should we put out the camp-fire before we leave, the camp?, , No, t, , to, , 2., , ©, K, be T, B, re S, pu, bl, is, , he, , d, , inspiration, – is a feeling of enthusiasm you get from, someone or something, which gives you, new and creative ideas., handiwork, – work done skilfully, expanse, – a large open area of land, sea or sky, ecology, – a branch of biology. It deals with the, relation of plants and living creatures, to each other and to their environment., Talking about the text :, 1., Answer the following questions in a word, a phrase, or a sentence. Discuss with your partner and write, down what you say., a. What is our moral duty?, b. Which animals are on the verge of extinction?, c. Where should we throw waste paper, tins and bottles?, d. What are trees said to be?, e. How can we maintain ecological balance?, f. Who are the carriers of pollen?, g. What is the wonderful handiwork of God?, , 91

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g. What will happen if you take your pet animals to the, park?, h. Name a few things of Nature which give you inspiration., Answer the following questions, discuss it with your, partner and write down what you say in the form of, a paragraph., a. How can we take care of rare animals?, , d, , 3., , 4., , ©, K, be T, B, re S, pu, bl, is, , Grammar : Relative Clauses, , he, , b. What steps can be taken to prevent water pollution?, , Look at these sentences., a. This giraffe is refusing to eat., , b. This giraffe, which has come from Africa, is refusing to, eat., a. This traffic policewoman seems to be efficient., b. This traffic policewoman, who works here, seems to, be efficient., , to, , The meaning is clear in sentence "a" in both the, examples. In sentence "b" the italicised words add extra, information. These words form a clause called Relative, clause. They begin with relative pronouns ‘which’ and, 'who'., , No, t, , Punctuation : Comma or commas separate the relative, clause from the rest of the sentence., , 5., , Join the sentences given below using the relative, pronoun given in brackets., a. I often go to Mumbai. Mumbai is the commercial, capital of India. (which), b. My mother is going to host a T.V. show on cooking., She cooks very well. (who), 92

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POEM, , THE ANT AND THE CRICKET, Pre-reading task :, Doing our work at the right time., , to, , ©, K, be T, B, re S, pu, bl, is, , he, , Not being lazy., , d, , Sit with your partners and discuss the following., , No, t, , A silly young cricket, accustomed to sing, Through the warm, sunny months of gay summer and spring,, Began to complain when he found that, at home,, His cupboard was empty, and winter was come., Not a crumb to be found, On the snow-covered ground;, Not a flower could he see,, Not a leaf on a tree., “Oh! what will become,” says the cricket, “of me?", 94

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to, , ©, K, be T, B, re S, pu, bl, is, , he, , d, , At last by starvation and famine made bold,, All dripping with wet, and all trembling with cold,, Away he set off to a miserly ant,, To see if, to keep him alive, he would grant, Him shelter from rain,, And a mouthful of grain., He wished only to borrow;, He’d repay it tomorrow;, If not, he must die of starvation and sorrow., Says the ant to the cricket, “I’m your servant and friend,, But we ants never borrow; we ants never lend., But tell me, dear cricket, did you lay nothing by, When the weather was, warm?" Quoth the cricket,, “Not I!, My heart was so light, That I sang day and night,, For all nature looked gay.”, “You sang, Sir, you say?, “Go then,” says the ant, “and dance the winter away.”, , No, t, , Thus ending, he hastily lifted the wicket,, And out of the door turned the poor little cricket., Folks call this a fable. I'll warrant it true:, Some crickets have four legs, and some have two., , - Adapted from Aesop’s Fables, 95

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Glossary:, accustomed to sing, , -, , in the habit of singing, speak in an unhappy, annoyed,, dissatisfied way, , famine, , -, , having nothing to eat, , to see, , -, , to find out, , lay nothing by, , -, , save nothing, , quoth, , -, , [old English] said, , he, , d, , complain, , , the wicket door, a small, gate or door, which is part of, a larger one, , warrant it true, , declare that it is certain, , ©, K, be T, B, re S, pu, bl, is, , wicket, , , -, , Come, let us talk about this poem now., 1., , Discuss with your partner the points raised in the, questions below and write down what you say., , to, , a. What did the cricket do when the weather was good?, What should it have done instead?, b. What was it unhappy about?, , No, t, , c. Is that the reason why the poet calls it ------------- ------------- ------------ ?, d. The cricket did not know how to keep himself alive., How did he express this feeling?, Read out aloud the words that say, “There was no food, anywhere.”, 96

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e. The cricket did not have the courage to go to the ant, at first. When did he make bold to do this?, , d, , f. Rewrite the long sentence in the second stanza as four, simple sentences. Use the active voice in your first, sentence., , he, , g. The cricket did not want to beg for food. [True/not, true], , ©, K, be T, B, re S, pu, bl, is, , h. The ant was surprised at the cricket’s request. [True/, not true], i., , The cricket lied to the ant. [True/not true], , j., , What advice was given by the ant? Could the cricket, dance in the cold winter?, , k. What do you think the cricket did in the winter?, , 2. Writing., , to, , Who do the words “---- and some have two” refer to? Write, in 6 to 8 sentences the moral the poem teaches us., , No, t, , Read the following passage aloud to your partner. Tell, him/her what words go in the blanks., What do animals do when they are _ _ _ _ _ _? The, carnivorous animals _ _ _ _ for food. The herbivorous animals, move from place to _ _ _ _ _ in search of grass and plants., Ants store food for winter., 97

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In stories _ _ _ _ _ _ _ do many things to get their, food. They grab, steal, beg, cheat, tell lies. In this poem, a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ did not do any of these things. It did something, unusual., Let us see what we like in this poem., , d, , 3., , he, , a. The rhyme-scheme is regular in the first two, stanzas-aa,-bb,-cc,-ddd, , ©, K, be T, B, re S, pu, bl, is, , b. The cricket is personified. It has a home. It has a, cupboard., The ant is also personified. It has a house that has a, wicket door., , c. Was the ant cricket’s servant or friend?, , ***, , No, t, , to, , d. Word play - The ant makes a joke on the cricket’s, word ‘sang.’, , 98

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UNIT – 9, , A ROSE FOR THE PRINCESS, , he, , d, , Pre-reading task :, 1. Where did the king and the minister go one night?, 2. How were they dressed?, 3. What did they want to find out?, Listening and Speaking :, , ©, K, be T, B, re S, pu, bl, is, , Listen to what your teacher says and answer his/her, questions., Once, a king and his minister went out one night into the, streets of the capital city, in disguise., Now, you imagine and tell me why they did this, how they, were dressed, and what they wanted to find out. In this play, the princess comes out of the palace, in disguise., , No, t, , to, , (Maqbool is a gardener in the gardens of the Mughal, emperor, Shah Jahan. One day, the maid Panna accompanies, him to the Hanuman Mandir in the bazaar. Find out what, happened after that.), , 99

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Scene – 1, (Emperor Shah Jahan’s garden. Maqbool is tending the, roses), , ©, K, be T, B, re S, pu, bl, is, , he, , d, , MAQBOOL : (touches each rose lovingly, calling each by, name) Gulbadan, Badal, Dilruba, Ghata,, ........... (stops as he comes to a pink one), And what shall I call you? (pause) Ah! You, remind me of the pink of the dawn sky., , Subah is what I’ll call you. It’s perfect for, you. Subah ........Subah........, , , , , , , (He lines the basket near him with green, leaves, cuts the pink rose and lays it gently, in the basket. He picks it up and turns to, go when the maid Dilruba walks in with, tinkling anklets.), , DILRUBA, :, , , , , Maqbool mia! What have you got there?, A rose for Princess Jahanara? (Maqbool, nods) And what have you named it? The, princess would want to know., , MAQBOOL, , Subah. The pink of the dawn sky., , :, , That’s a lovely name! (she takes the basket, from Maqbool and leaves), , MAQBOOL :, , , Oh! One moment please! (the maid stops and, turns) May I ask you something?, , DILRUBA, :, , , , , Yes, what is it, Maqbool mia? (silence) Come, on, you can ask me anything. (whispers), I won’t tell a soul. (mischievously) Except the, princess, of course., , MAQBOOL, , What!, , No, t, , to, , DILRUBA, :, , , :, , DILRUBA, :, , , No, no! I was just pulling your leg! Would I, do anything as stupid?, 100

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MAQBOOL, , :, , That seems more likely., , DILRUBA, : All right. You’ve had your revenge. Now ask, away., (pause) What does the princess look like?, (pause) I mean, if I could see her just once,, I would name a rose for her., , DILRUBA, , :, , You just named it!, , MAQBOOL, , :, , What?, , he, , d, , MAQBOOL :, , , , ©, K, be T, B, re S, pu, bl, is, , DILRUBA, : Subah! (laughs) You want to know what the, princess looks like, don’t you? Well, she is, as beautiful, as delicate, as..... fresh as this, rose., MAQBOOL : (Serious) May be I should name this one after, her., DILRUBA, :, , , , No! Subah is fine. (with a glint in her eyes), May be I’ll tell the princess to change her, name to Subah., , (Maqbool turns away not pleased with her brand of humour), I’m sorry, Maqbool mia. I’m not poking fun at, you. It’s just that I’m in a very .... happy mood, today. (silence as Maqbool returns to his, work) Tell me about your family. I haven’t, ever seen your wife or family around., , MAQBOOL :, , , , , My wife died long ago. My sons are in the, Emperor’s army and are away with their, families in the Deccan. And now, (pointing, to the roses) these are my only family., , DILRUBA, , :, , You must love them so., , MAQBOOL, , :, , More than my own life., , No, t, , to, , :, DILRUBA, , , , , , DILRUBA, :, , , You know, I am one of your family too. Wait, here. I will be back in a minute., , Exits and re-enters with a silk cloth on her arm., 101

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DILRUBA, : The princess was very pleased, Maqbool mia,, And she has sent some silk for a jacket for, you., Her highness is too kind. (takes the cloth, from her and as she turns to leave) One, moment. You said you were one of my family, too. What did you mean?, , DILRUBA, , :, , I am a rose too., , MAQBOOL, , :, , Huh?, , DILRUBA, , :, , My name is Dilruba., , ©, K, be T, B, re S, pu, bl, is, , he, , d, , MAQBOOL :, , , , , Exits with the tinkling of her anklets mingling with her, laughter., * * * * *, , The Emperor’s garden. Maqbool is digging up a flower bed., (sound of anklets) Maqbool looks up to find another maid, standing in front of him. She tells him that she is a maid of, Princess Jahanara., PANNA, :, , , The princess says that when you name them, you show a poet’s touch., , MAQBOOL, , You work for her?, , :, , Yes, Maqbool Bhai (silently watches him, work, hums a snatch of a song), , to, , PANNA, :, , , No, t, , Maqbool finishes his digging, sits down with a basket of, golden marigolds and begins stringing a garland., , PANNA, : You’re going to send a garland to the, princess?, MAQBOOL :, , , , Every first Tuesday of the month I take a, garland to the Hanumanji mandir and, sometimes to Sheikh Chishti's dargah., , PANNA, , Where are you taking this one?, , :, , 102

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MAQBOOL, , :, , Today is the first Tuesday of the month., , PANNA, : (pause) Can I come with you? (Maqbool looks, up at her) Please, I haven't been out of the, , Qila for a long time., , PANNA, , :, , No, no, I promise., , he, , d, , MAQBOOL : All right, but don't expect me to buy you, anything in the bazaar. Women see bangles, or attar and they must have them. I have no, money to waste., , ©, K, be T, B, re S, pu, bl, is, , MAQBOOL : Let’s go then. But first cover your face, properly with your chunari, child. (pause), What’s your name? (puts the garland in the, basket), PANNA, , :, , (pause) Panna., , Scene - 2, , to, , The bustling streets of Agra. There is a Hanuman mandir, on the left, a masjid on the right and a number of shops., Panna, accompanied by Maqbool, is looking around in wonder, and delight. There are people walking about everywhere., , No, t, , :, PANNA, , MAQBOOL, , :, , Isn’t this all so wonderfully colourful,, crowded and noisy?, Haven’t you come here before?, , PANNA, : I have, but then the roads were emptied for, us., MAQBOOL, , :, , Emptied?, , PANNA, , :, , I mean I’ve been here with Princess Jahanara., , They go towards the idol of Hanuman in the mandir. The, priest comes to them., 103

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MAQBOOL :, , , , Sorry, we’re late! This girl walks slowly and, stops everywhere. Just now I had to pull her, away from a dancing bear., , d, , Panna takes the garland from Maqbool and places it at the, feet of the idol. She reaches up and rings all the bells and then, bends down low to do pranam. The priest gives them prasad, and she immediately pops some into her mouth., , ©, K, be T, B, re S, pu, bl, is, , he, , PANNA, : These sweets are delicious! Are you in a hurry,, Maqbool bhai ? Or can we walk around a bit?, I promise not to tire you., MAQBOOL, , :, , (resigned) Let us go., , The two stroll through the bazaar. Panna isn’t interested, in all the glittering jewellery and silk. Instead she sits and, listens to a man singing on the masjid steps and then stands, giggling at a funny magician. She buys roasted chana and, sweet potatoes from a street vendor, sharing everything with, Maqbool. She stands wide-eyed looking up at the sky., PANNA, :, , , Oh look! A kite! Isn’t it lovely? And camels, over there! It’s such fun! And so beautiful., , No, t, , to, , MAQBOOL : Naturally, Agra is a great city. Do you know, that our Emperor is planning many new, buildings inside the fort, all marble and inlay, work?, PANNA, , :, , MAQBOOL :, , , I’ve heard., You won’t understand, you’re just a stupid, girl after all., , (Panna laughs, delighted at the insult. Suddenly soldiers, enter with their swords. The army commander is there too,, yelling at everyone.), MAQBOOL, , :, , (whispers to someone) What’s the matter?, 104

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Soldier, :, , , (whispers back) Princess Jahanara is, missing! They think she’s been kidnapped!, , PANNA, :, , , Allah! I’m in trouble! (she walks up to the, Commander and lifts her veil) Stop! I’m back!, , ( The commander and the soldiers bow deeply to Panna.), Your Highness, where have you been?, , d, , Commander :, , ©, K, be T, B, re S, pu, bl, is, , he, , MAQBOOL : Your Highness? (He puts a hand to his head, as if to stop it from reeling.) Are you.... Are, you..... Are you Princess Jahanara..... your, Highness?, JAHANARA :, , , I went to see the city. I was quite safe with, Maqbool bhai., , Commander :, , Arrest him! He abducted the princess!, , ( Two hefty soldiers grip Maqbool’s arms.), , JAHANARA, , :, , Stop ! Let him go immediately!, , No, t, , to, , Commander : But.... your Highness?, JAHANARA : No buts! Do as I say ! You will not trouble, him. He did not know I'm Jahanara and it, was I who requested him to take me to the, city. (to Maqbool softly) Go back to your, gardens, Maqbool bhai, and thank you., Because of you I have had one of the most, enjoyable days of my life., ( Maqbool exits, dazed, as the others look on.), Scene - 3, The Emperor's garden. Maqbool is sitting in one corner, despondently. He does not even care to look at his favourite, rose plants. Suddenly there is a tinkling of anklets. Maqbool, looks up and scrambles to his feet. It is the Princess and the, maid Dilruba., JAHANARA : What’s the matter, Maqbool bhai? You’re, crying. You’re not happy to see me?, 105

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MAQBOOL :, , , Huzoor Sahiba! How can I not be happy?, I’m just bemoaning my fate., , DILRUBA, :, , , Why, Maqbool bhai, what has fate done to upset, you so much?, , MAQBOOL, , I have to leave this place soon., , :, , What! But why? You love this place! And what, will these roses do without you? (Maqbool, breaks down)., , DILRUBA, , :, , Maqbool bhai, please! Tell us what happened., , MAQBOOL :, , , , , , , (amid sobs) The commander wants me to, leave for Sikandra immediately. I’ve been, punished because of yesterday’s incident, and sent off to work at Akbar Badshah’s, tomb at Sikandra. Who will look after my, roses now?, , ©, K, be T, B, re S, pu, bl, is, , he, , d, , JAHANARA :, , , , Silence, , :, , Don’t worry. I’ll arrange something. (pause), Aren’t you going to give me a parting gift?, , MAQBOOL :, , , , , (looks at her, devastated) Certainly, Huzoor, Sahiba (He goes to the plants, searches for, a rose and picks it. He offers it to her.) This, is my last gift to you, Huzoor Sahiba., , JAHANARA, , :, , (accepting it) It’s beautiful!, , DILRUBA, , : Yes. Even more beautiful than Subah., ( Maqbool smiles for the first time.), : As a reward, I'm giving you., , No, t, , to, , JAHANARA, , JAHANARA, , DILRUBA, :, , , Shall I go fetch one of those gold chains you, had set aside for gifts?, , JAHANARA :, , , No! Maqbool bhai doesn’t need gold. (Maqbool’s, face falls), 106

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He deserves something far better....... the, , rose gardens of the Qila to tend for the rest, of his life., MAQBOOL : Huzoor!, And if that commander troubles you again,, tell him to come to me first., , MAQBOOL :, , , A thousand thanks, Huzoor Sahiba! I’ll create, the best roses in the kingdom for you., , JAHANARA :, , , Yes, but before that, Maqbool bhai, I have a, request for you., , MAQBOOL, , Anything., , ©, K, be T, B, re S, pu, bl, is, , he, , d, , JAHANARA :, , , :, , JAHANARA :, , , , , Next time you go to the mandir, send me the, prasad. It was delicious! (Maqbool and, Dilruba laugh) By the way, what is the name, of this rose?, , MAQBOOL, , Shehzaadi Jahanara., , :, , Glossary :, , No, t, , to, , gulbadan, badal, dilruba, Subah, won’t tell a soul brand of humour attar, prasad, , , , beautiful and delicate like a flower, cloud, one whom the heart likes, dawn, won’t tell anyone, sense of fun, perfume, sweets and fruits offered in worship, to God and later given to or, distributed to devotees, , 107

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he, , d, , carved designs of stone set, into the surface of another, stone. The TajMahal has , beautiful inlay work., spinning, kidnapped, sadly, stands up hurriedly, feeling very sorry because of..., shattered, Respected Madam, , ©, K, be T, B, re S, pu, bl, is, , inlay work , , , , reeling abducted, despondently, scrambles to his feet bemoaning, devastated, Huzoor Sahiba, -, , Comprehension :, 1., , Answer the following in a word or a sentence each., , Answer the following in 2-3 sentences each:, a. Dilruba tells Maqbool that she belongs to his family., Why does she say this?, , No, t, , 2., , to, , a. Whom was the rose a gift for?, b. Why does the princess gift silk to Maqbool?, c. What is the reward Maqbool receives from the princess, for taking her out?, d. What is the request that the princess makes to, Maqbool?, , b. What is the condition Maqbool lays down before he, agrees to take Panna out with him?, c. What explanation does Panna give to explain her, statement, “ But then the roads were emptied for us.”, What is the actual reason?, d. What punishment does the Commander give Maqbool?, Why?, 108

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e. “Because of you I have had one of the most enjoyable, days of my life.” Write in your own words why the, princess tells Maqbool so., f. Describe Maqbool’s devotion to tending the garden., Use the following phrases in sentences of your own:, , d, , 3., , he, , Won’t tell a soul, with a glint in her eyes, scrambles to his feet,, brand of humour., , 5., , Match these words with their meaning., , ©, K, be T, B, re S, pu, bl, is, , 4., , a. tended, , 1. moved quickly, , b. dazed, , 2. took away forcibly, , c. scrambled, , 3. took care of, , d. devastated, , 4. lost in thoughts, , e. abducted, , 5. extremely shocked or sad, , Yesterday you met Radha, a friend of yours. Here are, some things Radha said to you. Tell your mother all, , to, , that Radha said to you., , No, t, , Stay with me when you come to Bengaluru., (Radha asked me to stay with her when I go to, , Bengaluru), I’m living in Bengaluru now., My father isn’t very well., My brother and Sita are getting married., I saw Latha in a party., 109

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I haven’t seen Mahesh recently., I am enjoying my job., I bought a new car last month., I’ll tell Sita I met you., , he, , Write a message to be left for your sister, about a, telephone call for her, when she was away. Your, message should not exceed 50 words. Put the, message in a box., , ©, K, be T, B, re S, pu, bl, is, , 6., , d, , Writing :, , Abhinav, :, , , Hello, is it 23455051? Could I speak to, Deepthi, please?, , Pranav, , I’m afraid she is not at home., , :, , Abhinav, :, , , , , , Could you convey to her that Mrs. Srinivasan will be taking maths class tomorrow at, 9.00a.m.? She has to bring her, complete project along for submission., The class may go on up to 12 noon., , No, t, , to, , Pranav, :, I surely will convey the message., , By the way, may I know who is , calling?, Abhinav, , :, , I am Abhinav, Deepthi’s classmate., , ***, 110

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POEM, , AN AUGUST MIDNIGHT, Pre-reading task :, Sit with your partner and discuss., , he, , d, , It is night. You are studying. A number of insects come, flying in. They disturb you in a number of ways., , ©, K, be T, B, re S, pu, bl, is, , A shaded lamp and a waving blind,, And the beat of a clock from a distant floor:, On this scene enter--winged, horned, and spined A longlegs, a moth, and a dumbledore;, While 'mid my page there idly stands, A sleepy fly, that rubs its hands . . ., , No, t, , to, , Thus meet we five, in this still place,, At this point of time, at this point in space., - My guests parade my new-penned ink,, Or bang at the lamp-glass, whirl, and sink., “God's humblest, they!” I muse. Yet why?, They know Earth-secrets that know not I., - Thomas Hardy, , Glossary :, blind, distant floor, spined, , -, , window curtain, indoors of a distant house, with backbone, , parade, , -, , gather together for drilling, , whirl and sink, , -, , fall down moving round and round, 111

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Did you enjoy the poem? Now discuss the points raised, in the two questions given below, with your partner., Say whether the following statements are true, or, not true. Justify your answer., , he, , a. The poet was sitting alone in his room., , d, , 1., , b. The only place that was lit was his writing table., , ©, K, be T, B, re S, pu, bl, is, , c. Everything was still, nothing was moving., d. There was a light gentle wind., , e. The silence in the room was total., , f. Four guests entered the poet’s room., 2., , Discuss these points with your partner., , a. What funny movements did the insects make?, , to, , b. The poet says the meeting was willed by god, the two lines in which he says this., , read, , c. Two thoughts cross the poet's mind. What are they?, , No, t, , d. Give two examples to prove that an animal, or a bird,, or an insect knows something that we, human beings,, do not know., , 3., , Give one word for the meanings given below :, , a. fill with light, b. quietness or calm, 112

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UNIT – 10, , THE TOUCH, Pre-reading task :, Listen to what your teacher says and answer the questions., , ©, K, be T, B, re S, pu, bl, is, , he, , d, , Pavithra and Mamtha, who are neighbours, observed the, Ganesha festival yesterday. Pavithra said to her six-year-old, daughter, Kusuma, “Don't come near me, and stay away from, those Kadubus. You can't eat them till they are offered to god.”, Mamtha said to her six-year-old daughter, Suma, “Don't, touch those Kadubus, dear, but you can eat that banana that, is over there.”, a. What did the girls say to each other that evening?, , No, t, , to, , b. A kind old woman, also a neighbour, heard them. She, said a few words to each woman. What do you think she said, to each woman?, , 114

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1. When I arrived, I found father lying on the string, cot, facing the wall. I had left my slippers outside, the threshold. So my footsteps did not give away my, presence. I went right up to the cot and asked, “Are, you asleep?” “Who is it?” he asked as he turned on his, side., , d, , “It's I,” I replied., , ©, K, be T, B, re S, pu, bl, is, , he, , “Come, sit here,” he said, continuing to lie stretched, out. When he heard me pulling the steel chair and, preparing to sit down, he asked, “Why do you want to, sit so far away?” “Come and sit close to me.” He sat, up to make space for me, showing the place on the cot, next to him., , 2. I sat on the edge of the cot. Groping, father patted me, on my back, and then he felt the place next to him on, the cot and said, “Sit comfortably, amma.” I shifted a, little, making myself comfortable. He groped in the air, in front of him, gripped my hand, held it in both of his, hands and said, “I have been looking forward to your, visit. Is everyone all right?”, “Yes,” I said softly., , to, , He didn’t say anything else and silently stroked my, hand., , No, t, , 3. Once, as a teenager, we had to go somewhere in a, rickshaw. Though the rickshaw was spacious, I sat, huddled at the far end. “Sit properly amma, you’ll, fall off,” father had said. I had hesitated and moved, just an inch closer to him. From the time I learnt my, first letters of the alphabet, father had kept me at a, distance..... in the name of discipline, and because of, madi, his orthodox way of life. I never had the courage, to touch him. I had always felt that he was in a state, 115

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of ritual purity. I was used to slipping into my cocoon., So how could I ever think of sitting close to him in the, rickshaw, our bodies touching?, , ©, K, be T, B, re S, pu, bl, is, , he, , d, , 4. When children return from school, if you embrace, them lovingly and speak to them in a friendly way,, they open up and chirp like happy birds. Instead, if, they are greeted harshly at the threshold with “How, much did you score in Maths? or Have you brought, your report card?” they die of fright. I died many such, deaths over some twenty years. I still haven’t got over, the diffidence they created., 5. Father is over eighty now. Past the age of recovering, his sight even if his eyes were to be operated upon., Though he is otherwise healthy, his poor eyesight has, made him weak. He has spent the last two years in, bed. My husband and I had come to town on hearing, that my mother-in-law was not well, to spend some, time with her. I managed to visit my parents once, in a while as they live in the same town. On such, visits I used to spend about half an hour chatting with, father., , No, t, , to, , 6. To sit close to father is to revive a faint memory of, childhood. When he took my hand into his hand and, stroked it with love, the longing I had felt as a child for, such a touch flooded my inner being and tears welled, up in my eyes. I choked; I couldn’t speak. Would he, understand that I had once longed for his loving touch?, Perhaps all the love and affection that had flowed, between us in letters evaporated at his sharp intense, look whenever we came face to face. Even in early, childhood I used to avoid him to escape his piercing, glances that had hurt like scorching sunrays. Now,, though I knew that they had been extinguished, why, was I still unable to feel free with him?, 116

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Skimming : Skim through the above paragraphs, and answer these questions., a. How does the father address his daughter?, , d, , b. Say whether the narrator was a teenager or, middle aged., , he, , c. What would be the age of the narrator’s father?, d. How many years had the father spent in bed?, , ©, K, be T, B, re S, pu, bl, is, , e. Which paragraph tells you about two types of, parents?, 7. The first time I visited him in his illness, I had noticed, bugs on the cot. I had picked up a couple of them, and silently crushed them under my foot. Later my, husband noticed a bug on our bed and had been, upset. I told him that it had probably crept into my, clothes when I had sat on my father’s bed., , No, t, , to, , 8. As I was leaving that day to visit my father, my husband, cautioned me not to sit on my father’s bed but to pull, up a chair and sit a little away. As I pulled my chair, away, father asked me to sit closer to him! How could, I not? He was not happy until I was almost leaning, against him and had his hands in mine., 9. Father had longed for sons all his life but was now, left with only his daughters. At the fag end of his life, he had lost his grown up son, the perpetuator of his, name. Perhaps that is what destiny means! When my, brother died, I had hesitated to face my father ......, some unknown feeling of guilt had held me back., I had felt like taking him in my arms and reassuring, 117

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him, saying, “Don’t worry, I am here.” But I hesitated, even to touch him. That’s how I had been raised., , ©, K, be T, B, re S, pu, bl, is, , he, , d, , 10. After I chatted with him for a while, he asked me to, clip his nails. Asking mother to do it would be as, useless as the mortar weeping on the shoulder of the, drum. My brothers were not alive to do it, nor were his, children around. Not that he couldn’t ask my, sister-in-law, but perhaps he wanted me to do, something for him. I was elated and did the job, carefully., 11. Perhaps father was feeling depressed. He stroked, my hand and said, “It would be so nice if you moved, into this town. I could stay with you.” I looked at him, helplessly. A look he couldn’t see. I couldn’t reassure, him with words either. Father didn’t speak again, and, was silent as he stroked my hand. At that moment my, education, my job, and everything else appeared vain, and superficial. I sat for a while before leaving., , - [Translated by Jayashree Mohanraj], , No, t, , to, , 12. As I returned in the rickshaw, father’s tender touch, haunted me. Tears welled in my eyes and blurred my, view of the road., , About the author :, This story is a translation by Jayashree Mohanraj of Abburi, Chayadevi's short story 'Sparsha' in Telugu., Abburi Chayadevi is hailed as one of the earliest feminist, writers in Telugu. Her family was extremely orthodox and she, took to writing as a means of self-expression. In 2005 she won, the Sahitya Akademi award., 118

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Glossary :, grope, , –, , feel or search blindly, at ease, , cocoon, , –, , protective covering, , chirp, , –, , speak merrily, , threshold, , –, , plank of doorway; point of entry, , diffidence, , –, , lack of self confidence, , ©, K, be T, B, re S, pu, bl, is, , he, , d, , comfortable –, , revive, , –, , come or bring back to consciousness, , longing, , –, , have strong wish or desire for, , choked, – become speechless because of strong, emotion, –, , very hot, , extinguish, , –, , put out, wipe out, , mortar, , –, , pounding vessel, , destiny, , –, , fate, , pierce, , –, , go through, or into, like a spear., , to, , scorching, , No, t, , Note : “The mortar weeping on the shoulder of the drum.”, This is an evocative expression. The mortar and the drum, are both pounded; therefore neither can seek sympathy from, the other; both are victims., , 119

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Come, let us talk about this story :, 1., , Each of the following statements has four alternatives., Choose the right answer and write it. Work with your, partner to do this., , i., , he, , d, , a. A good way for parents to receive their children, returning from school is, to ask about their score in Maths., , ©, K, be T, B, re S, pu, bl, is, , ii. to ignore them simply., , iii. to embrace them lovingly and speak to them, lovingly., iv. to ask about their report card., , b. What had happened when the narrator visited her, father on an earlier occasion?, i., , she had seen him quarrelling with people., , ii. he had been sleeping., , to, , iii. he had been too weak to talk., , No, t, , iv. she had noticed bugs on his cot., , c. The narrator hesitated even to touch her father, because, i., , that’s how she had been raised., , ii. he was suffering from illness., iii. she hated her father., iv. her husband had told her to keep distance., 120

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2., , Read the extract and answer the questions that, follow., a. “Who is it?” he asked as he turned on his side., Who asked this question?, , iii. What was the reply?, , he, , ii. When did this person ask this?, , d, , i., , ©, K, be T, B, re S, pu, bl, is, , b. “Sit properly amma, you’ll fall off'”, i., , Who is 'amma' here?, , ii. Who said this?, , iii. Where were they at that time?, , c. “It would be so nice if you moved into this town.”, i., , Why did father say this?, , ii. How did the narrator react to this?, iii. What did father do then?, , to, , Say whether the following statements are true or, false. Rewrite the false statements correctly., , No, t, , 3., , a. The young woman in this story is the main character., b. This time the father shows his affection for his, daughter., c. The daughter thinks it would be a good idea to ask her, mother to clip father’s nails., , 121

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d. The young woman becomes emotional thinking of her, widowed sister-in-law., e. The author decides to take her father to her house., 4., , Answer in one word or a sentence each., , d, , a. Why had the narrator come to that town?, , ©, K, be T, B, re S, pu, bl, is, , he, , b. What was the caution she had received from her, husband before going to visit her father?, c. Was the narrator’s mother alive?, , d. What did father say to her finally?, , e. Why had the narrator hesitated to face her father?, 5., , Answer the following in two or three sentences each., , a. What was the narrator’s childhood like?, , b. Why did the narrator feel, in her growing up age, that, her father kept her at a distance?, , to, , c. The “mortar” and the “drum” in the proverb refer to, two people. Who are they?, , No, t, , d. Why did her father ask her to clip his nails?, e. How did the narrator feel while returning from her, father’s house?, , Words in use :, 6., , Fill in the blanks with suitable words given in the, box., 122

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noticed; longed; hesitated; groped; moved; enjoyed., a., , The soldier at the border _________ to meet his family., b. The old woman __________in the air to find the door., c. The climax of the play ________our heart., , he, , d, , d. A watchman ________the thieves and blew his whistle., , 7., , ©, K, be T, B, re S, pu, bl, is, , e. Venkatarama ________ to ask my permission to go, home., Make the opposites for the following, by adding, suitable prefixes given in brackets., (ir , in , un , mis , dis , im ), , a. known, , x _______, , d. continue, , x _______, , b. discipline, , x _______, , e. proper, , x _______, , c. responsible x _______, , to, , Complete the following sentences on your own, using, the words given in brackets., a. My grand mother_________________________ (orthodox), , No, t, , 8., , f. understand x _______, , b. The firefighters _______________________(extinguished), c. A bulldozer _________________________________(crush), d. The doctor________________________________(helpless), e. Suguna,‘‘________________________________’’(chatting), , 123

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Grammar :, Active and passive voice., While changing active into passive :, The object of the verb in active voice becomes the (new), subject in passive., , •, , “by” is placed before the (new) object, , •, , The past participle form of the verb is used., , ©, K, be T, B, re S, pu, bl, is, , he, , d, , •, , Examples:, , 1) A.V. – We are investigating the mystery., , P.V. – The mystery is being investigated by us., , 2) A.V. – I had written that article., , P.V. – That article had been written by me., , 3) A.V. – Asha sang that song, not Latha., , to, , P.V. – That song was sung by Asha, not Latha., , Change the voice in the following sentences :, , No, t, , a. People don’t respect corrupt politicians., b. The students are planting the trees., c. They help the orphans., d. Anitha presented a golden watch to me., e. He had broken the chair., , 124

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f. A man called Lippershey had invented the telescope in, 1608., g. A telescope makes distant objects appear to be nearer., Writing :, , a. Do you sympathise with the father in this story?, , he, , 1., , d, , Answer the following in 5 - 6 sentences each:, , ©, K, be T, B, re S, pu, bl, is, , b. Do you sympathise with the daughter in this story?, , 2. Supply the missing words in this story :, , Long long ago __________ young man called Shravana, kumara lived _________ his old parents. One morning his, __________ said to him, “Kumara, your mother and _____ have, grown old and blind. We are sorry to _________ you, _________, God in places of pilgrimage.”, we want to w, Kumara said, “, , trouble at all, father.”, , No, t, , to, , He set to work immediately. He cut a length of bamboo., Ah! This will s, as my shoulder pole,” he said. He hung, two baskets at either end of the pole. He seated his parents, . He carried them on his s, to many holy, in, places., Work with your partner and insert suitable words in the, blanks in the passage below., In this story a _ _ _ _ _ woman tells _ _ about a visit, that she made to her father one day. He receives _ _ _, affectionately. _ _ _ his a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ only brings back to, 125

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POEM, , MY HEART LEAPS UP, Pre- reading activity :Name the most beautiful thing you have seen., What makes it beautiful?, , he, , d, , 1. A rose., , ©, K, be T, B, re S, pu, bl, is, , Its colour, fragrance, shape, and size, , 2. A rainbow., , What makes it beautiful?, , Its many colours, lovely shape, and the sense of wonder, it makes you feel., This world is beautiful. We see a lot of beautiful things, in Nature., , No, t, , to, , Beauty is seen in different places in different forms and, shapes., , 127

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My Heart Leaps Up, My heart leaps up when I behold, A rainbow in the sky:, , he, , So is it now I am a man;, , d, , So was it when my life began;, So be it when I shall grow old,, , ©, K, be T, B, re S, pu, bl, is, , Or let me die!, , The Child is father of the Man;, , And I could wish my days to be, , Bound each to each by natural piety., , - William Wordsworth, , Glossary :, , 1. Leap – jump or spring up, 2. Behold – see or observe, , to, , 3. Bound – a leaping movement towards or over something, , No, t, , 4. Piety – the quality of being religious or reverential., , Exercises, , I. Answer the following questions after sharing your ideas, with your partner, a. The poet says, “my heart leaps up.” Why do you think, he feels this way?, , 128

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b. When did the speaker first have these feelings about, the rainbow?, c. Discuss with your partner and write a few sentences, on why the poet wants to continue to have these, feelings about the rainbow even when he grows old., , d, , d. What does the poet mean by the term, “natural piety”?, , ©, K, be T, B, re S, pu, bl, is, , he, , e. The poet shows that life without the ability to see, beauty in Nature is meaningless. Or, he points to, how a rainbow brings out the child in us. Do you, agree with these statements? Explain., II. Write a short paragraph (about four sentences) on your, experience of seeing a rainbow., III. Identify the major figure of speech in this poem. Give, some similar examples ., Project :, , You go out on a school trip., , No, t, , to, , You see a lot of beautiful things around you. Make a, list of five such things and write five sentences about each,, highlighting the qualities which make them beautiful., , ***, 129

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SUPPLEMENTARY READING, THE NEW FLOWER, , , Ruskin Bond, , he, , d, , 1. One of the most delightful experiences of walking, in the hills is coming across unusual, little-known, flowers., , ©, K, be T, B, re S, pu, bl, is, , It was the first day of spring (according to the Hindu, Calendar), but here in the Himalayas it still seemed, mid-winter. A cold wind hummed and whistled, through the pines, while dark rain clouds were swept, along by the west wind only to be thrust back by the, east wind., , to, , 2. I was climbing the steep road to my cottage at the, top of the hill when I was overtaken by nine-year-old, Usha hurrying back from school. She had tied a scarf, round her head to keep her hair from blowing. Dark, hair and eyes, and pink cheeks, were all brought out, by the patches of snow still lying on the hillside., , No, t, , 3. “Look,” she said, pointing. “A new flower!”, It was a single, butter-yellow blossom, and it stood, out like a bright star against the drab winter grass., I hadn't seen anything like it before, and had no idea, what its name might be. No doubt its existence was, recorded in some botanical tome. However, for me it, was a new discovery., “Shall I pick it for you?” asked Usha., 130

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“No, don't,” I said. “It may be the only one. If we break, it, there may not be any more. Let's leave it there and, see if it seeds.”, , d, , 4. We scrambled up the slope and examined the flower, more closely. It was very delicate and soft-petalled,, looking as if it might fall at any moment., , he, , “It will be finished if it rains,” said Usha., , ©, K, be T, B, re S, pu, bl, is, , 5. And it did rain that night – rain mingled with sleet and, hail. It rattled and swished on the tin roof; but in the, morning the sun came out., 6. I walked up the road without really expecting to see the, flower again. And Usha had been right. The flower had, disappeared in the storm. Two other buds, unnoticed, by us the day before, had opened. It was as though, two tiny stars had fallen to earth in the night., , No, t, , to, , 7. I did not see Usha that day; but the following day,, when we met on the road, I showed her the fresh, blossoms. They were still there, two days later, when I, passed by, but so were two goats, grazing on the short, grass and thorny thickets of the slope. I had no idea if, they were partial to these particular flowers, but I did, know that goats would eat almost anything and I was, taking no chances., Scrambling up the steep slope, I began to shoo them, away. One goat retreated; but the other lowered its, horns, gave me a baleful look, and refused to move., It reminded me a little of my grandfather's pet goat, 131

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who had once pushed a visiting official into a bed of, Nasturtiums; so I backed away., , he, , d, , Just then Usha came along and sizing up the, situation, came to the rescue. She unfurled her pretty, blue umbrella and advanced on the goat shouting at, it in goat language. (She had her own goats at home.), The beast retreated, and the flowers were saved., , ©, K, be T, B, re S, pu, bl, is, , 8. As the days grew warmer, the flowers faded and, finally disappeared. I forgot all about them, and so, did Usha. There were lessons and exams for her to, worry about, and rent and electricity bills to occupy a, writer's thoughts., 9. The months passed; summer and autumn came and, went, with their own more showy blooms; and in no, time at all winter returned with cold winds blowing, from all directions., , No, t, , to, , 10. One day, I heard Usha calling to me from the hillside. I, looked up and saw her standing behind a little cluster, of golden star-shaped flowers – an enchanting sight, for one who had played a small part in keeping them, alive., Where there had been one flowering plant, there were, now several. Usha and I wondered if the entire hillside, would be covered with the flowers in a few years time., , 11. I still do not know the botanical name for the little, flower. I cannot remember long Latin names, anyway,, but Usha tells me that she has seen it growing near, 132

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her father's village on the next mountain, and that the, hill people call it Basant, which means spring., , he, , This is an interesting story. Did you enjoy reading, it? Now you have to tell your partner about some, interesting points you must have noted., , ©, K, be T, B, re S, pu, bl, is, , 1., , d, , 12. Although I am just a little disappointed that we are, not, after all, the discoverers of a new species, this, is outweighed by our pleasure in knowing that the, flower flourished in adversity. May it multiply!, , a. At the beginning, the story tells us that two people –, a man and a girl – have become friends. (True / not, true), b. The man's name is, _ _ _ _., , _ _ _ _ . The girl's name is, , c. The man is a wr _ _ _ _. The girl is a sc _ _ _ _ girl., d. The girl is a _ _ _ _ student., , to, , e. The man and the girl share a common interest. They, both keep looking for new _ _ _ _ _ _ _., f. They are both attracted by, , No, t, , i. a new flower., ii. the goats that they meet., iii. the rain clouds in the Himalayas., iv. the cold winds that hum and whistle through the, pines., , g. On Yugadi day the man finds a new flower. (True /, not true), 133

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h. We call this day Yugadi. What do people in Himachal, Pradesh call it ?, i. The girl predicts a heavy rain on that day. (True / not, true), , d, , j. The man teaches the girl how a plant seeds. (True /, not true), , he, , k. Who saved the plant from the goats? How ?, , ©, K, be T, B, re S, pu, bl, is, , l. The girl knows the goat language because ................, ............................................................................., m. A year passes. The plant withers. (True / not true), n. The two friends could not say that the new flower was, their discovery because ............................................., ..............................................................................., o. The author had wondered what its name could be. But, the villagers had given it the name _ _ _ _ _ _, p. What Latin name is given for another flower in the, story? ( B _ _ _ _ _ gives Latin names for trees, plants,, , No, t, , to, , flowers and fruits.), , ***, 134