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GURUKUL CENTRAL ACADEMY, CH.- 10. HABITAT OF THE, LIVING, WORKSHEET-1, A. 1. Finding food; finding shelter; finding water; rearing young, 2. The animals metabolism drops to very low levels, gradually using, up the fat stored during the autumn when food was abundant., Energy is also conserved as the body temperature and breathing, rate fall., 3. a. Migration is the purposeful movement of animals from one, place to another., b. Many animals instinctively migrate to a place with an, abundant source of food where they can breed and rear their, young. Seasonal migrating animals begin to move when they, detect natural changes in the environment., 4. a. They begin to shut down, dispersing their seeds, shedding their, leaves and preparing themselves to survive., b. In this state, they provide no nutrition to animals that feed off, them. This has an effect on all consumers— carnivores as well, as herbivore., 5. They prepare for their long journey by eating well and producing, layers of fat that will maintain them until they reach their next, stop., WORKSHEET-2, Refer text book

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GURUKUL CENTRAL ACADEMY, TEXTBOOK EXERCISES, Page 112 Try These, 1. False, 2. True, , 3. True, , Page 117 Try These, 1. blowholes 2. webbed, 4. upper, 5. tail, , 4. True, , 5. True, , 3. camouflages, , EXERCISES, A. 1. c. 2. a. 3. c. 4. d. 5. b. 6. d. 7. c. 8. d., B. 1. humus, 4. segmented, , 2. upper, 3. Decomposers, 5. thick lips 6. mosses, , C. 1. Reduce weight of the plant to avoid sinking in water and, withstand water currents., 2. Swimming in water, 3. Reduce resistance while swimming in water, 4. Helps in breathing, 5. Help to climb rocky mountains, D. 1. Tertiary consumers, 2. In deserts, 3. Octopus, squid, 4. Prey, 5. Fish

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GURUKUL CENTRAL ACADEMY, E., , 1.The following features make them excellent predators., • They are light brown in colour and are not clearly, visible to their prey., • Eyes in front help them to have the correct location of their prey., Their eyesight is sharp and they can even hunt at night., • They have strong claws that can be withdrawn inside their toes., This helps them to creep up to their prey without making a sound, while hunting., • Their strong hind legs help them to run fast., • Sharp claws and teeth help them to catch and tear the, flesh of the prey easily., 2., , Penguins have a layer of oily waterproof feathers and a thick layer, of fat under the skin to keep themselves warm., , 3., , Fire plays an important role in the ecosystem which cannot be, duplicated by any other natural process. It helps create new, landscapes. Some insects, diseases, parasitic plants and pathogenic, fungi are destroyed. Thus harm caused by these are reduced. The, ash formed after fire, mixes with the soil. It releases nutrients into, the soil, making them available to the plants., , 4., , Animals such as rats, lizards, scorpions and snakes can survive in, hot deserts. They rest in day under shades of rocks or in burrows, to avoid high temperature. They come out at night when it is, cooler., , 5., , Animals migrate to warm places during extreme cold climate., Birds such as Siberian crane and Arctic tern migrate.

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GURUKUL CENTRAL ACADEMY, 6., , In aquatic habitats, most of the animals which eat these plants are, found in the upper layer which receive maximum sunlight. Octopus,, squids, some varieties of, worms and crabs are found in the bottom dark zone. They are, mostly blind., , 7. Vallisneria, , and lotus are aquatic plants. Stems of aquatic plants, are long, slender, weak and spongy for reducing weight of the, plant to avoid sinking in water and withstand water currents. The, leaves are covered with wax to avoid decay due to long exposure, to water., , F. 1. A habitat is made up of two basic components— biotic (living), components and abiotic (non-living) components., All living things—plants, animals, microorganisms and human, beings—constitute the biotic components. The biotic components, vary in their shape, size, form and the methods of obtaining food., All non-living components in a habitat are called abiotic, components. Air, water, light, temperature and soil are some, abiotic components., 2., , 3., , Refer page 112., • Plants in desert do not need a lot of water to survive., • They have long roots to penetrate deep inside the soil, in search of water., • In some plants such as cacti, the stem is green and fleshy., Photosynthesis takes place in the stem. The stems store a large, amount of water, when water is available. Due to this feature,, they are also called succulent plants. The thick waxy covering, on the stem helps to retain water.

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GURUKUL CENTRAL ACADEMY, •, , •, , 4., , 5., , •, , The flowers only open in nights as it is cool and are, closed during the day, when it is hot., The leaves are reduced to spines to prevent loss of, water due to transpiration., , Based on the water requirements, plants are classified into three, types., Hydrophytes—Plants which grow in watery places or places, which remain very wet throughout the year are called, hydrophytes. Examples—hydrilla, lotus, etc., Mesophytes—Plants which grow in moderate conditions of, temperature, light, water and oxygen are called mesophytes., Examples—apple, lime, etc., Xerophytes—Plants which grow in deserts or in very dry places, where water is scarce are called xerophytes. Examples—agave,, cactus, etc., • The leaves of the trees have drip tips which do not allow water, to stay on them for long time. This feature protects leaves from, rotting., • Animals here prefer to eat a selective food which is, not eaten by other animals to avoid competition., • Some animals such as hares, chameleons, tree frogs, flounder, fish, grasshoppers and lizards camouflage (change colour which, merges with their surroundings). This feature protects them from, their enemies., They breathe with lungs while on land and with moist, skin while in water.

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GURUKUL CENTRAL ACADEMY, 6., , On the basis of how they obtain food the biotic components can be, classified as:, Autotrophs: Organisms that can make their own food using, inorganic substances are called autotrophs or producers. Green, plants are autotrophs., Heterotrophs: Organisms which cannot prepare their own food, and depend on others for food are called heterotrophs or, consumers. All animals, non-green plants and even human beings, are heterotrophs., Decomposers: Organisms that break up complex matter such as, dead plants and animals as well as their excretory products, into, simpler, substances are called decomposers. They keep the, environment clean. Microorganisms such as bacteria and fungi are, decomposers., , 7., , The natural environment of a living thing is called its habitat., An animal that hunts and kills other animal for food is called a, predator., Ability to change colours to match their surroundings is called, camouflage., Features that help a living organism to survive in its habitat are, called adaptations., Organisms that break up complex matter such as dead plants and, animals as well as their excretory products, into simpler substances, are called decomposers.

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GURUKUL CENTRAL ACADEMY, G. 1. To keep their body warm., 2. To not allow rainwater and snow to collect on them., 3. Because it breathes oxygen dissolves in water., 4. To keep their body away from the heat of the sand., 5. To avoid decay due to long exposure to water., H. Adaptive features of plants in grassland:, • The plants have flexible stems to bear the effect of, strong winds., • They have narrow and small leaves to reduce water loss., Adaptive features of animals in rainforest:, • Animals here prefer to eat a selective food which is not, eaten by other animals to avoid competition., • Some animals such as hares, chameleons, tree frogs, flounder fish,, grasshoppers and lizards camouflage (change colour which merges, with their surroundings). This feature protects them from their, enemies., Adaptive features of mountain goat:, • Thick fur to keep the body warm., • Hooves which help them to climb rocky mountains., •, , Adaptive features of frog:, • Webbed feet for swimming in water and strong hind, legs for leaping and jumping on land.