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afferent from one, , ame text became substantially ruse we xan, se . a serious problem becaus ly, another. This is a serious Pp the author today. We, , fi igi script of, find the original manusc! ‘ ie bye, aa totally dependent upon the copies ed ance, scribes, As a result historians have to re, , manuscript versions of the same text to guess what the, author had originally written., , On occasion authors revised their chronicles at, different times. The fourteenth-century chronicler, Ziyauddin Barani wrote his chronicle first in 1356 and, another version two years later. The two differ from each, other but historians did not know about the existence, of the first version until the 1960s. It remained lost in, large library collections., , , , New Social and Political Groups, , , , technologies made hat moments in this period new, , appearance — }j :, URPASTS~11 6 ke the Persian