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GURUKUL CENTRAL ACADMY, CH.–10. TRANSPORT OF, MATERIALS IN ANIMALS AND, PLANTS, WORKSHEET-1, A. 1. heart 2. blood 3. oxygen 4. body 5. lungs 6. carbon dioxide, WORKSHEET-2, A. 1. physical activities 2. heart 3. increase 4. sugar, 5. arteries 6. blood 7. whole grains 8. vegetables, , TEXTBOOK EXERCISES, Page 125 Try These, 1. Plasma, 2. Blood cells, 3. Haemoglobin 4. White blood cells, , EXERCISES, A. 1. d., 7. d., A., , 2. a., 8. d., , 3. b. 4. d., 9. a. 10. d., , 5. d., , 1. blood 2. Arteries 3. platelets, 4. pulmonary veins 5. pulmonary vein, , 6. ureter 7. xylem 8. translocation, , 6. c.

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GURUKUL CENTRAL ACADMY, C. 1. False, 2. False, 3. False, 4. False, 5. True, 6. True, 7. False, 8. False, D. 1. – d. 2. – c. 3. – b. 4. – a. 5. – f. 6. – e., E. 1. Platelet, 5. Kidney, , 2. Nephron, 6. Stomata, , 3. Plasma, 7. Vein, , 4. Stomata, , F. 1. Circulatory system, 2. Haemoglobin, , Plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets., 4. Left and right auricles and left and the right ventricles, 5. Right auricle, 6. 70 – 72 per minutes, 7. Stethoscope, 8. Urine, carbon dioxide, faeces, etc., 9. The urethra is the tube that carries urine from the urinary bladder, to the outside of the body., 10. Kidneys are located behind the stomach, one on each side of the, backbone., 11. Xylem and phloem consist the transport system in plants., 12. Osmosis, 13. Transport food from leaves to other parts of the plant., 3., , G. 1. To get energy to do the various life processes., 2., , Blood, blood vessels and heart, , 3., , The main functions of blood are:, • It transports oxygen from the lungs to the body cells and, carbon dioxide from the cells to the lungs., • It carries nutrients from small intestine to all the body, cells., • It fights against infections and germs.

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GURUKUL CENTRAL ACADMY, •, •, , It distributes heat evenly to the whole body., It transports (carries) wastes for its removal., , 4., , Refer Table 10.1 from page 125., , 5., , Due to the red coloured iron pigment called haemoglobin., , 6., , Excretion in humans occurs from various organs such as lungs, (carbon dioxide and water vapour), skin (sweat), anus (faeces) and, the urinary system (urine)., , 7., , Waste products remain in the blood. When the blood is not filtered,, the survival becomes difficult. The waste products are removed, through an artificial kidney with the process known as dialysis., , 8., , The rhythmic contraction and expansion (or relaxation) of the heart, is known as heartbeat., , 9., , Tannin, latex, gum, , H. 1. Blood is the most important tissue in the circulatory system., Plasma, a colourless liquid, is a medium through which the, blood cells are transported around the body in the blood vessels., Red blood cells are red coloured iron pigment called haemoglobin., It is because of haemoglobin the blood appears red in colour. White, blood cells are slightly larger than RBCs and are irregular in shape., They fight against germs which cause various infectious diseases., Platelets are formed in the bone marrow. They help in the blood, clotting in case of any injury.

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GURUKUL CENTRAL ACADMY, 2., , The heart is divided into four chambers. The upper two chambers, are called auricles—the left and right auricles. The two lower, chambers are called ventricles—the left and right ventricles. The, carbon dioxide-rich blood from all over the body (except lungs) is, collected by veins. Blood from the veins enters the right auricle. The, right auricle contracts and passes the blood into the right ventricle., The right ventricle pumps the blood to the lungs through the, pulmonary artery. In the lungs the blood gets oxygen-rich and enters, the left auricle through the pulmonary vein. From the left auricle,, oxygen-rich blood passes to the left ventricle. This oxygen- rich, blood is then pumped to all parts of the body and the process, continues., , 3., , The human urinary system consists of kidneys, ureters, urinary, bladder and urethra. The kidneys are the main organs of excretion, through which nitrogeneous wastes are eliminated out in the form, of urine. The urine from the kidneys comes down through a pair of, long tubes called the ureters. The two ureters carry urine from the, kidneys to the urinary bladder. The urinary bladder temporarily, stores urine until it is released from urethra. The urethra is the tube, that carries urine from the urinary bladder to the outside of the body., , 4., , The carbon dioxide-rich blood from all over the body (except lungs), is collected by veins. Blood from the veins enters the right auricle., The right auricle contracts and passes the blood into the right, ventricle. The right ventricle pumps the blood to the lungs through, the pulmonary artery. Thus, the pulmonary artery is an exception as, it carries carbon dioxide-rich blood from the heart to the lungs. In, the lungs the blood gets oxygen-rich and enters the left auricle, through the pulmonary vein. Thus, pulmonary vein is an exception, as it carries oxygen-rich blood from the lungs to the heart. From the, left auricle, oxygen-rich blood passes to the left ventricle. This

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GURUKUL CENTRAL ACADMY, oxygen-rich blood is then pumped to all parts of the body and the, process continues., 5., , Plants take in water through their roots. Roots have many tiny and, thin root hair that help them absorb water from the soil. Water, enters through the root hair and then moves across into the xylem, tissue in the centre of the root. The xylem transports water and, minerals from the roots through the stem to the leaves., , 6 Transpiration is the evaporation of water from plants. Water, evaporates (as water vapour) from pores called stomata, found on, the surface of the leaves. This evaporation creates a vacuum and, pulls up water through the xylem tissue of the plant. Water is, absorbed by plant roots from the soil and, moves up through the stem to the leaves. This water carries, nutrients essential for plant growth. The sun is the driving force, for transpiration., 7., , The kidneys consist of millions of coiled tubes called nephrons., Nephron is a small filtering unit of the kidney. It acts as a, strainer. Useful substances are absorbed in nephrons and the, harmful substances get dissolved in water and are removed in the, form of urine., , 8., , Transport of food material from leaves to other parts of the plant, is called translocation. The food is transported to all the parts of, the plant body where it is required and extra food is stored in the, fruits, stems or roots. The contents of the phloem can move in, the upward as well as in the downward direction, whereas water, in xylem moves only in the upward direction.