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we, , {EALTH, , a healthy person Should, , h have sound, ynd social health A healthy Person:, , is free from sickness and diseas,, shows no unnecessary anxiety,, e is free social, tensions., , has organs and organ, , Physical, mental, fea - 2, , es., , fr, on and Psychological, , systems which are healthy, , and function Properly.), , The most widely accepted definition of health is given, , Organisation (WHO) as a state of, Mental and social well-being and not, , by the World Health, complete physical,, , , , , , merely the absence of disease or infirmity (weakness or, illness over a long period)., , DISEASE, , A disease is an abnormal condition of an organism due, to infection, weakness, stress, etc. which disturbs the, normal functioning of the organism., , You have already learnt about communicable diseases, in class VI. The diseases which can be transmitted, from an infected person to a healthy person are called, communicable diseases. These are also called infectious, diseases. Disease-causing germs, called pathogens or, causative agents such as bacteria, fungus, virus and, protozoan are the root cause of communicable diseases., , Some of the communicable diseases along with their, , causative agents, symptoms and preventive measures, are mentioned in the table below:, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , F Preventive Measures, , Healthy person should avoid close contact with, people who are sick, wash hands regularly with soap., Infected person should ensure they cover their face, while sneezing and coughing., , Measles Rubeola virus or Fever, red eyes, cough, red itchy| Healthy person should avoid close contact with, , | | Fever y Y pel, , | Morbillivirus rashes on the skin, runny nose, sore | people who are sick, wash hands regularly with soap., , throat Qang - Infected person should ensure they cover their face, while sneezing and coughing. Do not touch the eyes,, nose, or mouth. If one needs to touch the face, it is, important to make sure that the hands are clean., Vaccination is one of the best prevention for this, disease., , i lasmodium High fever with chills, muscle pain, | Use insect repellent to prevent mosquito bite, avoid, palaria \ ees nausea areas where mosquitoes are present, infected person, A ed should remain inside the mosquito net., , e -r, severe muscle and joint pain,| Wear protective clothing, use mosquito repellent, Dengue neue a and do not let the water stagnate around your house, Wg KS’ \ as this makes a breeding habitat for mosquitoes., joi i joi i i bi = i ellent,, Z ; cle and joint pain, joint} Avoid mosquito bites, use mosquito rep, Chikungunya | Chikungunya virus aera oe es destroy mosquito-breeding habitats, : ' not use toothbrushes and razors of infected, joint pain, extreme tiredness, | Do not use toot 1 a, AIDS Human Fever, oe r ght sweats, AIDS may] people, avoid sex with multiple partners and never, (Acquired Immunodeficiency “ee ae symptoms for months | share needles or syringes with others., une Virus (HIV) rs years, Over the time, it weakens, a, the body and cause infections. on ebay aa ee, me

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~ eee, , 1, What are pathogens? §, , 1 2. What are the symptoms of chikungunya?, { 3. Write the preventive measures for AIDS., , ee —, Vector, , A vector is an organism that shelters and carries a, pathogen and transmits it from one living organism to, , another without getting ‘the disease itself. Mosquitoes, are examples of vector., , , , Mosquito: A vector, , Mosquitoes carry Plasmodium, a protozoan, and, transmit it from an infected person to a healthy person., Plasmodium causes malaria in humans. Diseases which, are transmitted by the bite of infected insects are called, vector-borne diseases., , Some other examples of vector-borne diseases are, , chikungunya, sleeping sickness, plague and Japanese, encephalitis., , METHODS OF PREVENTING DISEASES, , Diseases can be prevented by following certain safety, measures. These are as follows:, »~ Always wash hands before and after eating the, food and also after using the toilet., Re Avoid touching animals which can carry germs, ee Ax it can cause infectious diseases., , ‘Avoid sharing personal items such as, , toothbrushes, razors and towels with others., , , , a, , we, : i be pre,, if iseases caused by food items can be preve,,, ee eatables, washing of fruit =, , vegetables., e een diseases can be prevented by avo), i, crowded areas. An air-filter mask can also e, , used while going out., , i . (Sete foods should be disposed of prope,, , ecause these attract rats and cockroache,, which spread diseases. GeR- |, , © Do not let water stagnate around your house, is a place for mosquitoes and germs to thrive in,, , © Waterborne diseases can be prevented, drinking only boiled or filtered water. Thi,, ensures that any pathogen in it gets killed, or removed. Chemical disinfectants such a, chlorine and iodine can also be used to ki, germs present in water., , void consuming street foods as they are often, left uncovered and may contain disease-causing, LM erm, , © Vector-borne diseases can be prevented by, physical elimination of the vectors by using, insecticides., , e Vaccination should be given to infants and, young children to protect them against some, fatal diseases such as tuberculosis, tetanus,, polio and measles., , YA-vaccine is a preparation which generally contains, killed or weakened disease-causing germs or some, part of these germs. When injected into the body, the, vaccine triggers development of antibodies, which, fights against that germ. Antibodies are proteins which, are specific to a particular pathogen. | - hws + 2, Poor sanitation and lack of cleanliness can also cause, , many diseases. Hence, we must maintain cleanliness, and hygiene., , Personal Hygiene, , Maintaining proper personal hygiene is very important, for prevention of diseases and to remain healthy., Following are a few good habits, which ensure personal, , hygiene:, © Bathe regularly to keep your body clean., , * Follow dental hygiene to avoid tooth decay, Brush your teeth twice a day, that is before, breakfast and before 8oing to bed., , New Learnwell (ICSE) Biology!