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(GEOGRAPHY), , CHAPTER-4, , AGRICULTURE, , Question 1., Define the term Agriculture., Answer:, Agriculture is the science and art of cultivation on the soil, raising crops and rearing, livestock. It is also called farming., Question 2., What is meant by Horticulture?, Answer:, Horticulture is the growing of vegetables, flowers and fruits for commercial use., Question 3., Define Viticulture., Answer:, Viticulture means the cultivation of grapes., Question 4., Where is the breeding of fish done in the process of Pisciculture?, Answer:, Breeding of fish is done in specially constructed tanks and ponds., Question 5., Define commercial farming., Answer:, In commercial farming crops are grown and animals are reared for sale in market., Question 6., What is also known as ‘Golden Fibre’?, Answer:, Jute is also known as the ‘Golden Fibre’., Question 7., Define Agricultural Development., Answer:, Agricultural development refers to efforts made to increase farm production in order to meet, the growing demand of increasing population., , Question 8., Give some examples of Primary Activities., Answer:, Agriculture, fishing, gathering, etc.

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Question 9., Give some examples of secondary activities., Answer:, Manufacturing of steel, baking of bread and weaving of clothes, etc., Question 10., Define the term Milpa., Answer:, In Mexico practice of shifting cultivation is known as Milpa., SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONSQuestion 1., What is Agricultural Development and what is the ultimate aim of agricultural, development?, Answer:, Agricultural development refers to efforts made to increase farm production in order, to meet the growing demand of increasing population. This can be achieved in many, ways such as increasing the cropped area, the number of crops grown, improving, irrigation facilities, use of fertilisers and high yielding variety of seeds. Mechanisation, of agriculture is also another aspect of agricultural development. The ultimate aim of, agricultural development is to increase food security., Question 2., How is Nomadic farming practised? What does the reared animal provide the, herders and their family?, Answer:, Nomadic herding is practised in the semi-arid and arid regions of Sahara, Central, Asia and some parts of India, like Rajasthan and Jammu and Kashmir. In this type of, farming, herdsmen move from place to place with their animals for fodder and water,, along defined routes. This type of movement arises in response to climatic, constraints and terrain, sheep, camel, yak and goats are most commonly reared., They provide milk, meat, wool hides and other products to the herders and their, families., LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONSQuestion 1., What is subsistence farming? Briefly explain its classifications., Answer:, Subsistence farming is practised to meet the needs of the farmer’s family., Traditionally, low levels of technology and household labour are used to produce on, small output. Subsistence farming can be further classified as intensive subsistence, and primitive subsistence farming., Intensive subsistence farming: In this type of farming the farmer cultivates a small, plot of land using simple tools and more labour. Climate with large number of days

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with sunshine and fertile soils permit growing of more than one crop annually on the, same plot. Rice is the main crop. Other crops include wheat, maize, pulses and, oilseeds., Intensive subsistence agriculture is prevalent in the thickly populated areas of the, monsoon regions of south, southeast and east Asia., Primitive subsistence farming: It includes shifting cultivation and nomadic herding., Shifting cultivation: It is practised in the thickly forested areas of Amazon basin,, tropical Africa, parts of Southeast Asia and Northeast India. These are the areas of, heavy rainfall and quick regeneration of vegetation. A plot of land is cleared by felling, the trees and burning them., The ashes are then mixed with the soil and crops like maize, yam, potatoes, and, cassava are grown. After the soil loses its fertility, the land is abandoned and the, cultivator moves to a new plot. Shifting cultivation is also known as ‘slash and bum’, agriculture., Nomadic herding: It is practised in the semi-arid and arid regions of Sahara, Central, Asia and some parts of India, like Rajasthan and Jammu and Kashmir. In this type of, farming, herdsmen move from place to place with their animals for fodder and water,, along defined routes., This type of movement arises in response to climatic constraints and terrain. Sheep,, camel, yak and goats are most commonly reared. They provide milk, meat, wool, hides and other products to the herders and their families., MAP WORKQuestion 1., On an outline Map of World mark the following countries where Maize is grown:, (i) North America, (ii) Brazil, (iii) China, (iv) Russia, (v) Canada, (vi) India, (vii) Mexico

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Answer:, , Question 2., Mark the countries where cotton is grown suitably on the outline Map of World., (i) China, (ii) USA, (iii) India, (iv) Pakistan, (v) Brazil, (vi) Egypt

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Answer:, , Question 3., Mark the countries on an outline Map of World showing major plantations found in, the tropical regions of the world., (i) Rubber in Malaysia, (ii) Coffee in Brazil, (iii) Tea in India