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SANSKAR GLOBAL SCHOOL, TOPIC- “THE MAKING OF THE NATIONAL MOVEMENT- 1870s-1947”, A. VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS1. What is the literal meaning of “Sarvajanik”?, Answer:, The literal meaning of Sarvajanik is “of or for all the people” i.e. Sarva = all + Janik =, of the people., 2. Define the term Sovereign., Answer:, The capacity to act independently without outside interference., 3. What were the means of spreading awareness adopted by the Moderates?, Answer:, The Moderates published newspapers wrote articles for spreading awareness., 4. Mention the slogan raised by Tilak., Answer:, Tilak raised the slogan “Freedom is my birthright and I shall have it!”, 5. In which year congress split took place?, Answer:, In 1907., 6. When was the Khilafat issue got introduced in front of the world?, Answer:, In 1920 Khilafat issue got in front of the world., 7. Which dates is observed as a day of non-violent opposition to the Rowlatt Act?, Answer:, 6 April 1919., 8. What was the demand of ‘Assam tea garden labours?, Answer:, The demand was for the increase in the wages., 9. What was the Arms Act?, Answer:, It was passed in 1878. The Act disallowed Indians from possessing arms., 10. Who was the viceroy of the India at the time of the partition of Bengal?, Answer:, Lord Curzon., 11. When did the Non-Cooperation movement strengthen?, Answer:, Between 1921 and 1922, the Non-Cooperation Movement gained traction in several, sections of India. Many Indians abandoned their schools and careers to join the, liberation struggle., , B. SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS1. What was the idea of the Indian National Congress?, Answer:

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The Indian National Congress wanted to advocate for equal rights for all Indians, without regard to class, caste, creed, colour, gender, or language. They thought that, India and its resources did not belong to anyone class or society, but rather to all of, India's communities., 2. What was the demand of Muslim League?, Answer:, The Muslim League resolution of 1940 called for the establishment of autonomous, nations for Muslims in the country's northwestern and eastern regions. They were, afraid of being oppressed by the Hindus. This resulted in a societal schism between, Hindus and Muslims., , C. LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS1. Why were the people dissatisfied with British rule?, Answer:, People were dissatisfied with British rule for a variety of reasons in the 1870s and, 1880s, some of which are as follows:, 1. The Arms Act of 1878 prohibited Indians from possessing firearms., 2. The Vernacular Press Act of 1878 authorized the government to seize any, newspaper's assets, including printing facilities if they published anything, "objectionable”., , 2., , 3., , 4., , 5., , In 1883, the government attempted to establish the Ilbert Bill, which would have, permitted Indians to try British or European citizens. However, whites opposed the, Bill and demanded that the government rescind it., What, were, the, consequences, of, the, partition, of, Bengal?, Answer:, (a) The partition of Bengal enraged people all over the country. Both the Moderates, and the Radicals in the Congress opposed this action of the British., (b) Public meetings and demonstrations began to be organised. Novel methods, of mass protest were also developed. They struggled against the partition of, Bengal came to be known as Swadeshi Movement. In Bengal this movement was, the strongest. In other regions .such as in deltaic Andhra the movement was, called the Vandemataram Movements., What, was, the, Khilafat, agitation?, Answer:, In the year 1920 the British imposed a harsh treaty on the Turkish Sultan, known as, Khalifa. It enraged people. Indian Muslims wanted that the Khalifa be allowed to, retain control over Muslim sacred places in the erstwhile Ottoman empire. The, leaders of the Khilafat agitation Mohammad Ali and Shaukat Ali, now wished to start, a full-fledged Non-Cooperation Movement. They got support from Mahatma Gandhi, who urged the Congress to campaign against “Punjab wrongs’, the Khilafat wrong, and demand swaraj., How did people participate in the Non-Cooperation Movement during 1921-22?, Answer:, (a) During these years, thousands of students left government controlled schools, and, colleges., (b) Many lawyers such as Motilal Nehru, C.R. Das, C. Rajagopalachari and Asaf, Ali, gave, up, their, practices., (c) British titles were surrendered and legislatures boycotted. ., (d) People lit public bonfires of foreign cloth., Why was the Simon Commission sent to India? Why did Indians boycott it?, Answer:

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The British government in England sent a Commission headed by Lord Simon in the, year 1927 to decide India’s political future. As the Commission had no Indian, representative, it was boycotted by all political groups. When the Commission arrived, it met with demonstrations with banners saying ‘Simon Go Back’., 6. What role did Ambabai play in the Indian freedom struggle?, Answer:, Ambabai came from Karnataka. She had been married at age twelve and was, widowed at sixteen. Afterwards she began participating in the Indian freedom, struggle. She picketed foreign cloth and liquor shops in Udipi. She was arrested,, served a sentence and was rearrested. Between prison terms she made powerful, speeches, taught spinning and organised prabhat pheris., 7. Describe, Gandhi’s, march, to, Dandi., Answer:, Gandhiji felt that Purna Swaraj would not come on its own. It had to be fought for. He, was very much worried about government’s Salt Law. In 1930, he decided to break, this law. According to the law, the state had a monopoly on the manufacture and sale, of salt. Mahatma Gandhi and other prominent leaders of the freedom struggle, thought that it was sinful to tax salt because it is an essential item of our food. Both, the rich and the poor needed it equally. Gandhiji felt that his Salt March would, become popular and would represent the genral desire of freedom to a specific, grievance shared by all. On 6 April, 1930, Gandhiji alongwith his followers marched, for over 240 miles from Sabarmati to the coastal town of Dandi. Here, they broke the, government law by gathering natural salt found on the seashore, and boiling sea, water, to, produce, salt., ‘, A large number of people including women participated in this historic march. The, government tried to crush the movement through brutal action against peaceful, satyagrahis. Thousands were arrested and sent to jail. But the movement played a, significant role in achieving freedom of India., 8. Under what circumstances did Gandhiji initiate the Quit India Movement?, Answer:, In September 1939, the Second World War broke out. The. British government in, India needed help from the Indian leaders. The leaders were ready to support the, British war effort. But in return they wanted that India be granted independence after, the war. The British refused to accept the demand. This enraged the Congress, ministries., They, all, resigned, to, show, their, protest., Mahatma Gandhi was deeply perturbed. He now decided to initiate a new phase of, movement against the British rule in the middle of the Second World War. This, movement came to be known as the Quit India Movement. Gandhiji thought that the, British must Quit India without further delay. He raised the slogan ‘do or die’ which, spread among the common mass very soon. But at the same time he warned the, people, not, to, be, violent, in, any, condition., The British took repressive measures. Gandhiji along with other leaders were sent to, jail immediately. But this did not prevent the movement from spreading. It specially, attracted peasants and the youth who gave up their studies to join the movement., Communications and symbols of state authority were attacked all over the country. In, several, areas, people, set, up, their, own, governments., The British tried to repress these developments severely. About 90,000 people were, arrested and wound 1,000 killed in police firing. But the movement did not go in vain., It brought freedom very close., , BY- ASHISH TIWARI