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Economic: Industrial areas provide employment itis the number, opportunities. Large number of people are attracted to of years that an, these areas. Osaka in Japan and Mumbai in India are average person can, two densely populated areas. ‘expect to Hive,, , Poputation CHANGE, , ‘The population change refers to change in the number, of people during a specific time. The world population, has not been stable. It has increased manifold as seen, in the Fig 6.3. Why? This is actually due to changes in, the number of births and deaths. For an extremely long, period of human history, until the 1800s, the world’s, population grew steadily but slowly. Large numbers of, babies were born, but they died early too. This was as, there were no proper health facilities. Sufficient food was, not available for all the people. Farmers were not able, to produce enough to meet the food requirements of all, the people. As a result the total increase in population, was very low., , In 1804, the world’s population reached one, billion. A hundred and fifty five years later, in 1959,, the world’s population reached 3 billion. This is often, called population explosion. In 1999, 40 years later,, the population doubled to 6 billion. The main reason, for this growth was that with better food supplies and, medicine, deaths were reducing, while the number of, births still remained fairly high., , Births are usually measured using the birth rate i.e., the number of live births per 1,000 people. Deaths are, usually measured using the death rate i.e. the number, of deaths per 1,000 people. Migrations is the movement, of people in and out of an area., , Births and deaths are the, natural causes of population, change. The difference between, the birth rate and the death, rate of a country is called the 22. 6, (2, natural growth rate. te, , The population increase in happen, the world is mainly due to rapid, increase in natural growth rate. Fig 6.3: World Population Growth, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , (pases!, , , , How Resources 65, , , , Birth rate more than death Birth rate and death rate same: Death rate more than birth, rate: population increase population stays the same —_rate:population decre:, , , , Fig 6.4: Balance of Population, , Migration is another way by which population size, changes. People may move within a country or between, countries, Emigrants are people who leave a country;, Immigrants are those who arrive in a country., , Countries like the United States of America and, Australia have gained in-numbers by in-migration or, immigration. Sudan is an example of a country that, has experienced a loss in population numbers due to, out-migration or emigration., , The general trend of international migrations is, from the less developed nations to the more developed, nations in search of better employment opportunities., Within countries large number of people may move, from the rural to urban areas in search of employment,, education and health facilities., , , , Glossary, Immigration, When a person, enters a new, country,, Emigration, When a person, leaves a country., , , , PatTERNS OF PopuLaTION CHANGE, , Rates of population growth vary across the world, fie 6S) Althonch the world’s tatal nomuilation ia naing