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AaaauuUAULL, , 2.Typhoid : It is a common bacterial disease with world wide distribution. It is caused by a, rod-like bacterium, Salmonella typhi This bacterium, is commonly found in the intestine of, man. Nearly 2.5 million people suffer from typhoid disease per year., Mode of Transmission : The disease is transmitted by food and water contaminated witha, faeces of the patient. Houseflies may carry the pathogens from the, faeces to the food, milk and, ater., ymptoms : Its main symptoms are, Common symptom of typhoid is hightemperature about 103-104"T. Typhoid fever rises, to tihe maximum in the afternoon, In first, week, it increases with each day. Fever remains high, second week, but in third and fourth week, it gradually decreases.

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Coated tongue, headache, extreme weakness., i Loss of appetite, constipation, stomach pain, inflammation in ileum and colon., , y, , Rashes on the body (Rosy spots8), Mensures, Tventive, ) Personal cleanliness, proper community hygiene, i) Sçreening ofwater supply and food from contamination by ihes,, (ii) TAB-Vaccine provides immunity for about three years., ontrol:Disense ean be trontod by ahtibiotica.Typhoid can diagnosed by Widaltest, , uberculosis or TB. caused, It, , by a bacterium, Mycobacterium tuberculosis and was first, is a serious diseaso, discovered by Robert Koch (1882). It most commonly affects the lungs, brain, intestine, eyesete, It is especially common among the under nourished people who live in dingy, congested parts of, large cities.Atoxicsubstance known as Tuberculinis released by bacterium,, , Mode ofTransmission, , It spreads by droplet infection. Disease causing bacteria enter into human body through, coughing, sneezing, spitting and by direct contact or by föod, water and air., ymptoms The symptoms of disease vary depending on the site of the infection in the, body. Two specific sites of infections are, a) Lymph gland T.B: The main symptom of infection is swelling and tenderness of lymph, glands, in neck, armpits or legs which may discharge secretions through the skin., DYPulmonary (Lung) TB:It includes:, (i) Characteristic low grade fever in the evening (i) Coughing (ii) Chest pain and, breathlessness iv) Sputum containing blood (v) Loss of weight and weakness., Preventive Measures, ) Personal and community hygiene, i) Nutritious diet., , iji) BCG (bacillus Calmatte Guerins) vaccine provides immunity., (v Directly observed treatment short course is very effective in drug resistant T.B. (DOTS), Control:) Complete Anti-tubercular therapy can treat the disease., Ci) Proper test, diet, rehabilitation and surgery helps incontrolling disease.