Page 1 :
Social Science, Contemporary, India-I, Textbook in Geography for Class IX

Page 2 :
ACONTENT, Chapter 1, India - Size and Location, 1-6, Chapter 2, Physical Features of India, 7-16, Chapter 3, Drainage, 17-25, Chapter 4, Climate, 26-41, Chapter 5, Natural Vegetation and Wild Life, 42-51, Chapter 6, Population, 53-60, Glossary, 61-62, iv

Page 3 :
1, INDIA - SIZE AND LOCATION, The Tropic of Cancer (23 30'N) divides the, country into almost two equal parts. To the, southeast and southwest of the mainland, lie, ndia is one of the ancient civilisations in the, world. It has achieved multi-faceted socio-, economic progress during the last five, decades. It has moved forward displaying, remarkable progress in the field of, agriculture, industry, technology and overall, economic development. India has also, contributed significantly to the making of, world history., the Andaman and Nicobar islands and the, Lakshadweep islands in Bay of Bengal and, Arabian Sea respectively. Find out the extent, of these groups of islands from your atlas., Do You Know?, • The southernmost point of, the Indian Union 'Indira Pointť got submerged under, the sea water in 2004 during the Tsunami., LOCATION, SIZE, India is a vast country. Lying entirely in the, Northern hemisphere (Figure 1.1) the main, land extends between latitudes 8 4'N and, The land mass of India has an area of 3.28, million square km. India's total area accounts, for about 2.4 per cent of the total geographical, 37 6'N and longitudes 68 7'E and 97 25'E., 180°W 150, 120°, 90, 60°, 30°W, 30°E, 60°, 90°, 120, 150°, 180°E, 75°N, 60, North, America, Europe, Asia, 45°, 30, PACIFIC, OCEAN, PACIFIC, OCEAN, ATLANTIC, Africa, 15°N, OCEAN, INDIAN, ОСЁAN, South, America, 15°S, Australia, 30, 45°, 60°, Antartica, 75°S, Figure 1.1 : India in the World

Page 4 :
Find out, area of the world. From the Figure 1.2 it is, clear that India is the seventh largest, country of the world. India has a land, boundary of about 15,200 km and the total, length of the coast line of the mainland, including Andaman and Nicobar and, Lakshadweep is 7,516.6 km., India is bounded by the young fold, mountains in the northwest, north and, • Why 82 30'E has been selected as the Standard, Meridian of India?, Why is the difference between the durations, of day and night hardly felt at Kanniyakumari, but not so in Kashmir?, INDIA AND THE WORLD, The Indian landmass has a central location, north east. South of about 22 north, between the East and the West Asia. India is a, latitude, it begins to taper, and extends, towards the Indian Ocean, dividing it into, southward extension of the Asian Continent., The trans Indian Ocean routes which connect, two seas, the Arabian Sea on the west and, the countries of Europe in the West and the, countries of East Asia provide a strategic central, location to India. Note that the Deccan Peninsula, the Bay of Bengal on its east., Look at Figure 1.3 and note that the, latitudinal and longitudinal extent of the, mainland is about 30. Despite this fact the, east-west extent appears to be smaller than, protrudes into the Indian Ocean, thus helping, India to establish close contact with West Asia,, Africa and Europe from the western coast and, the north-south extent., with Southeast and East Asia from the eastern, From Gujarat to Arunachal Pradesh, there is a time lag of two hours. Hence, time, coast. No other country has a long coastline on, the Indian Ocean as India has and indeed, it is, India's eminent position in the Indian Ocean, which justifies the naming of an Ocean after it., along the Standard Meridian of India, (82 30'E) passing through Mirzapur (in, Uttar Pradesh) is taken as the standard time, for the whole country. The latitudinal extent, influences the duration of the day and night,, Do You Know?, Since the opening of the, Suez Canal in 1869, India's distance from Europe, has been reduced by 7,000 km., as one moves from south to north., 17.07, 18-, 16, 14-, 目 12-, 9.97, -9.80, 9.59, * 10-, 8.54, 7.68, 8-, 6., 3.28, 4., 2-, 0., Russia, Canada, USA, China, Brazil, Australia, India, Country, Source : Based on World Population Data Sheet, 2005, Population Reference Bureau, Washington, DC, Figure 1.2: Seven Largest Countries of the World, 2, CONTEMPORARY INDIA, Million Sq. km

Page 5 :
68°E, 720, 76°, 80°, 840, 88°, 92°, 96°E, 37° 6', 36 N, 36°N-, INDIA, PAKISTAN, 32, 32, CHINA, (TIBET), 97 25', BHUTAN, 2933 Kilometre, 68°, N, D, I, A BANGLADESH, -24º., Tropic of Cancer, MYANMAR, 20, 200, ARABIAN, BAY OF, BENGAL, SEA, -16°, 12, LAKSHADWEEP, (INDIA), ANDAMAN & NICOBAR ISLANDS, (INDIA), 8°N, 200, 400, 600 km, SRI, LANKA, gON-, INDIAN, 76°, 8° 4', OCEAN, 84°, 72PE, 88°, 92°E, Figure 1.3: India : Extent and Standard Meridian, INDIA - SIZE AND LOCATION, 3, Standard Meridian, 82 30', 3214 Kilometre